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096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology

2011-06

2013-09

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Document

Final report - The psychophysiology of positive psychology

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Final report - The psychophysiology of positive psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.01
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Final report - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.bial.com/imagem/96-10-20131212.pdf
Abstract/Results:	RESULTS: Well-being was associated with attachment style: securely attached people exhibited better well-being. However neither well-being nor attachment style were associated with the cortisol awakening response (CAR), the cortisol diurnal decline or mean levels of cortisol across the day in a population of healthy young females. These findings led us to explore age-related effects using hair measures of cortisol. Hair cortisol (HC) provides a retrospective trait measure of cortisol secretion. Again there was no association between HC and well-being in young healthy females. The older females had higher HC than the healthy young, which is interpreted as a consequence of aging. Surprisingly we found that older females with higher HC had higher levels of well-being. This finding suggests that cortisol acts as an ‘energiser’ in healthy older females. Together these results question the validity of cortisol as a useful biomarker in the healthy young. It also provides evidence for the neurotoxicity hypothesis of cortisol secretion: well-being did not relate to cortisol secretion in early adulthood with effects emerging in late adulthood. A subsidiary methodological finding from the study was that previously considered ‘safe’ saliva sampling delays of around 8 min between awakening and the start of sampling resulted in erroneous over-estimated CAR magnitude and earlier CAR peak timing. Five min saliva sampling in the post-awakening period suggested this was a consequence of a 10 min time lag between awakening and the start of the cortisol rise (previously considered to be linear). In contrast, non-adherence 3-12 hours post-awakening did not impact on diurnal cortisol measures. This can usefully inform future CAR studies.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L., Smyth, N.
Document type:	Final report
Number of reproductions:	1
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Attachment style / Well-being / Salivary cortisol secretion / Cortisol awakening response / Aging / Endocrinology
Final report - The psychophysiology of positive psychology

Document

Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.02
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645301200426X
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Linking psychosocial measures to the cortisol awakening response (CAR) demands accurate saliva sampling times. Monitoring adherence to the saliva sampling protocol requires electronic monitoring of both awakening and sampling times since self-reported times are inaccurate. Delays greater than 15min between awakening and commencement of saliva sampling reduce CAR magnitude. Less delay has been judged tolerable but remains unexplored for different magnitude measures, and for timing of the CAR peak. Study 1: Fifty healthy females (21±4 years) were instructed to collect saliva on four days at 0, 15, 30 and 45min post-awakening (samples 1-4). Both self-reported awakening and sampling times were electronically monitored using actigraphy and track caps. Self-reported awakening was later than actigraph estimated awakening (median difference of 4min). Estimates of CAR magnitude were significantly greater on non-adherent days (delay of 5-15min) compared to adherent days (delay<5min). On non-adherent compared to adherent days cortisol on average peaked earlier, at sample 3 rather than at sample 4. Study 2: Accurately timed cortisol values were obtained in an intensive investigation of 10 participants who collected saliva on 2 days every 5min for 30min post-awakening. Cortisol did not significantly increase until 10min post-awakening, suggesting a time lag may be typical between awakening and observation of a cortisol increase. We conclude that moderate delays between awakening and collection of saliva samples previously considered tolerable result in erroneous estimation of CAR magnitude and timing of the peak. These results are attributed to an approximate 10min time lag between awakening and the start of the cortisol rise. The absence of this latent period in calculations leads to overestimation of the CAR magnitude on moderately non-adherent sampling days. These findings, if more universally generalizable, will further theoretical understanding of the physiology of the CAR, but are methodologically challenging for researchers since self-reported awakening times are not accurate enough to override the concerns raised. However accurate electronic measurement of adherence to protocol would enable sampling delays to be taken into account in computing CAR estimates.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Clow, A., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Clow, A., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Evans, P. (2013). Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1476-1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.013
2-year Impact Factor:	5.591\|2013
Times cited:	64\|2025-02-10
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Cortisol / Saliva / Cortisol awakening response / Non-adherence / Awakening / Actigraphy / Track caps / Time lag / Sampling delay

Document

Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.03
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/spc3.12057/abstract
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Cortisol, a neuroendocrine hormone measurable in saliva, responds to internal and external triggers. In providing a peripheral ‘window on the brain’, it has been increasingly incorporated into social psychological studies. Cortisol secretion can be studied in two main ways, examination of acute stress reactivity and examination of the basal circadian patterns. These can inform aspects of acute and chronic stress exposure and relationships with health. Within non-clinical populations, cortisol effects are largely driven by differences in the perception of threat. For social psychologists, this provides an interesting avenue for the investigation of social factors that mediate perceptions of threat, such as social support, relationship processes, and group dynamics in acute and chronic stress. This paper provides a background to understanding the regulation and function of cortisol, and issues arising in relation to its measurement in saliva. It discusses and makes recommendations on the use of appropriate cortisol measures in the study of both acute and chronic stress. Used and interpreted appropriately, stress reactivity and basal ambulatory measures of salivary cortisol can provide a valuable adjunct to self-report and observation in social psychological research.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F., Thorn, L., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2013). Salivary cortisol as a biomarker in social science research. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 7(9), 605-625. https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12057
2-year Impact Factor:	N/A
Impact factor notes:	Impact factor computed since 2020
Times cited:	N/A
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	N/A
Keywords:	Salivary cortisol secretion / Stress / Cortisol measures

Document

The relationship between trait and state well-being and attachment style in students

2012

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - The relationship between trait and state well-being and attachment style in students

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.04
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	The relationship between trait and state well-being and attachment style in students
Publication year:	2012
URL:	http://www.psychosomatic.org/anmeeting/PastEvents/meeting2012/abstractbooklet.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Previous research has found that individuals with insecure attachment styles have lower levels of well-being. However, well-being has been measured mostly in terms of ill-being (e.g. depression, anxiety, loneliness). Less focus has been on the eudemonic (e.g. a meaningful life) and hedonic (e.g. happiness and life satisfaction) aspects of wellbeing in relation to attachment style. Students (N=240) completed an online questionnaire that consisted of standardized questionnaires on trait eudemonic and hedonic well-being and ill-being and the vulnerable attachment style questionnaire. In line with the Ecological Momentary Assessment method a sub sample of 50 students rated their mood (how happy, pleased, goal directed, stressed, down, frustrated and in control they felt) over four days at five random times throughout each day to assess state well-being and ill-being. The trait well-being and ill-being measures loaded strongly onto one factor, whereas the 4- day average state well-being and ill-being loaded onto separate factors. There was a significant difference in trait well-being between attachment style groups, F (2, 223) = 22.010, p<.001, ?2 =.165, whereby securely attached students exhibited greater well-being than both the insecure anxious (p<.000) and insecure avoidant (p<.005) groups. There was also a significant difference in average state wellbeing between the attachment style groups F (2, 44) = 4.859, p>.005, ?2 =.181. Significant differences in state well-being were found between the secure and insecure anxious (but not avoidant) attachment style groups; the anxious group exhibited lower well-being than those who were securely attached (p = .018). There were no significant differences in average state ill-being between the attachment style groups. The results show that those with a secure attachment style presented with the highest levels of both trait and state well-being. The results also indicate that attachment style may be more closely associated with state well-being than ill-being. Furthermore, this study highlights the importance of measuring both trait and state well-being.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Oskis, A., Clow, A.
Document type:	Abstract book
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Oskis, A., & Clow, A. (2012). The relationship between trait and state well-being and attachment style in students. Abstracts of the American Psychosomatic Society 70th Annual Meeting: “Symptoms and patient reported outcomes” (A - 19). Athens, Greece.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Attachment style / Well-being / Hedonia / Eudaimonia / Trait / State
The relationship between trait and state well-being and attachment style in students

Document

Discrepancies between self-reported and objective sampling delay for the cortisol awakening response (CAR)

2012

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Discrepancies between self-reported and objective sampling delay for the cortisol awakening response (CAR)

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.05
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Discrepancies between self-reported and objective sampling delay for the cortisol awakening response (CAR)
Publication year:	2012
URL:	http://www.psychosomatic.org/anmeeting/PastEvents/meeting2012/abstractbooklet.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The CAR is frequently studied in participants’ natural environment using self-collection of saliva samples. For measurement of the CAR accurate timing of saliva sampling is crucial; poor adherence to sampling protocol leads to misleading assessments of the CAR. Studies often rely on self-report and exclude samples rated as 10-15 minutes late. This study compared actimeter-determined awakening and electronic monitoring of sampling times with self-reported awakening and sampling times. It also explored demographic, situational or psychosocial correlates of delayed self-report of both awakening and sampling times. Fifty students (mean 21±4.4 y) collected saliva samples on 4 days at 0, 15, 30 and 45 minutes post awakening. Awakening times were determined by wrist-worn actimeters and sampling was monitored by electronic devices (Medication Event Monitoring: MEM). Participants were informed that these devices monitored their adherence to the protocol. Participants also reported their awakening and sample collection times using the usual diary report method. Actimeter-determined awakening was significantly earlier than self-reported awakening - average difference was 8.0±1.5 minutes, (F(1,25)=37.666, p<0.001, K² =.601). Sampling delay was calculated as the average delay for all 4 samples, objective sampling delay was derived from actimeter-determined awakening and MEM. Self-reported delay was derived from self-reported awakening and sampling. Figure 1 shows that objective sampling delay was significantly longer than self-reported delay, (F(1,25)=22.838,p<0.001,K²=.477). Across the 4 days the average objective delay was 10.0±3.6 minutes. Age, social-economic status, trait and state well-being and ill-being, busyness, sleep quality, waking time, and ease were not significantly correlated with either objective or self-reported delay for awakening and sampling. Results suggest that self-reported awakening and sampling delay differs to that determined by electronic monitoring, this was largely attributable to inaccuracy in determining awakening. Also, no measured variable was related to awakening and sampling delay, suggesting that it may be related to other factors such as sleep inertia following awakening.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:	Abstract book
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2012). Discrepancies between self-reported and objective sampling delay for the cortisol awakening response (CAR). Abstracts of the American Psychosomatic Society 70th Annual Meeting: “Symptoms and patient reported outcomes” (A - 58). Athens, Greece.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Cortisol awakening response / Saliva / Actimeter-determined awakening / Self-reported awakening
Discrepancies between self-reported and objective sampling delay for the cortisol awakening response (CAR)

Document

Trait hedonic and eudemonic Well-being and diurnal cortisol patterns

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Trait hedonic and eudemonic Well-being and diurnal cortisol patterns

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.06
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Trait hedonic and eudemonic Well-being and diurnal cortisol patterns
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.psychosomatic.org/anmeeting/PDF/2013abstractBooklet.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The field of Positive Psychology has generated interest into the beneficial health outcomes of trait well-being. Two strands of wellbeing are documented: hedonia, which refers to pleasure and satisfaction in life and eudaimonia which refers more to meaning and fulfilment in life. Debate exists within the literature over the relative independence and importance of these two strands of well-being for health. Although well-being has been related to cortisol secretion studies have mostly been in middle-aged and older populations and have focused on hedonic, largely ignoring eudemonic, aspects of wellbeing. This study aimed to explore the independence of hedonic and eudemonic well-being and examine relationships with cortisol secretion in a young healthy female sample. Participants (n=50; mean age 21 years) completed measures of trait hedonic well-being (e.g. subjective happiness and life satisfaction), trait eudemonic well-being (e.g. psychological well-being) and ill-being (e.g. perceived stress and depression). Over four study days’ participants collected saliva samples at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min postawakening to measure the cortisol awakening response, and again at 3 and 12 hr post-awakening to measure the diurnal decline. Objective measures of awakening and adherence to the saliva sampling protocol were taken to encourage and monitor adherence to the protocol. Factor analyses of a larger population from which this sample was taken (n=240; mean age 21 years) showed that there were two components of well-being which were interpreted as hedonic well-being and eudemonic ill-being. Non-adherent saliva samples were excluded; well-being or ill-being was not related to the cortisol awakening response or the diurnal decline. We conclude that in a study carefully controlled for adherence to protocol in healthy young females neither hedonic well-being nor eudemonic ill-being was related to patterns of cortisol secretion. Relationships between trait well-being and cortisol secretion may emerge in later life as a consequence of neurotoxicity across the lifespan.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:	Abstract book
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2013). Trait hedonic and eudemonic Well-being and diurnal cortisol patterns. Abstracts of the American Psychosomatic Society 71st Annual Meeting: “Impact and Innovation” (A - 88). Miami, FL.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Well-being / Hedonia / Eudaimonia / Cortisol awakening response / Cortisol
Trait hedonic and eudemonic Well-being and diurnal cortisol patterns

Document

State Well-being or Ill-being does not predict cortisol patterns in a young healthy sample

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - State Well-being or Ill-being does not predict cortisol patterns in a young healthy sample

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.07
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	State Well-being or Ill-being does not predict cortisol patterns in a young healthy sample
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.psychosomatic.org/anmeeting/PDF/2013abstractBooklet.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Many studies have explored the relationship between cortisol secretion and state well-being or ill-being; however, results are inconsistent. This may be explained to some extent by participant non-adherence to the saliva sampling protocol particularly for studies investigating the cortisol awakening response (CAR) as delays (> 5 min) in collecting the first saliva sample lead to misleading measurements of the CAR. Another factor may be the age group of the participants. Consistent associations are found in middle-aged and older populations, whereas relatively weak relationships tend to be found in younger individuals. This study aimed to objectively monitor adherence to the saliva sampling protocol and investigate the relationship between well-being and the CAR and cortisol over the day in a young healthy female sample. 50 healthy female students collected saliva samples on four days at 0, 15, 30, and 45 minutes, 3 and 12 hours post-awakening. State wellbeing and ill-being was assessed by mood ratings throughout each sampling day. Participants rated the extent to which they felt pleased, happy, goal-directed, stressed, out of control, frustrated, and down using electronic devices. Participants were made aware that awakening and sampling times were objectively monitored. Participants were relatively adherent to the saliva sampling protocol, delays of < 5 min (mean: 1±1 min) was achieved on the majority of sampling days (N=80). Days with delays of over 5 minutes (mean: 13±12 min) were excluded (N=73) from analyses involving the CAR. Mixed modelling showed there was no relationship between well-being or ill-being and the CAR, the diurnal decline and cortisol over the day. The lack of an association between well-being or ill-being and cortisol on days where saliva samples were collected accurately supports the neurotoxicity hypothesis of HPA axis dysregulation. In young healthy individuals the HPA-axis is resilient and thus associations between well-being or ill-being and cortisol will be absent or weak. We would hypothesise that these associations would be stronger in participants with vulnerability as a result of early life stress (not measured in this study) and in older adults.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:	Abstract book
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Evans, P., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2013). State Well-being or Ill-being does not predict cortisol patterns in a young healthy sample. Abstracts of the American Psychosomatic Society 71st Annual Meeting: “Impact and Innovation” (A - 122). Miami, FL.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Cortisol / Well-being / Cortisol awakening response / Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis
State Well-being or Ill-being does not predict cortisol patterns in a young healthy sample

Document

The cortisol awakening response: why tolerable errors in timing may not be so tolerable and why linearity of cortisol rise should not be assumed

2013

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - The cortisol awakening response: why tolerable errors in timing may not be so tolerable and why linearity of cortisol rise should not be assumed

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.08
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	The cortisol awakening response: why tolerable errors in timing may not be so tolerable and why linearity of cortisol rise should not be assumed
Publication year:	2013
URL:	http://www.psychosomatic.org/anmeeting/PDF/2013abstractBooklet.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Research linking the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) to psychosocial and health domains needs CAR measures to be based on accurately timed saliva samples. How accurate? Typically a CAR is big and brief, and even quite modest delays between awakening and initial saliva sample might theoretically be expected to compromise accuracy; but delays up to 15 min reportedly do not do so. This paradox is explored and predictions examined in new data for effects of moderate delays (5-15 min) on several different CAR magnitude measures, and on timing of the CAR peak. Both self-reported awakening and sampling times were objectively checked by actigraphy and track caps. 50 healthy females (21±4 years) were told to collect saliva on 4 days at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min post-awakening. Self-reports were significantly later by 8 (±11) min than objective estimates of awakening. Selfreported sampling time intervals were accurate (< 2 min mean error). Minimally delayed data (< 5 min) were compared with moderately delayed (5-15 min). CAR magnitude was significantly greater for delayed data and peaked earlier. Plots of cortisol values in real time suggested effects were due to a time lag between awakening and start of cortisol rise; cortisol rise was not linear. Further evidence for this was sought and found in an intensive investigation of 10 participants who collected saliva every 5 min from 0-30 min post-awakening. We conclude that moderate delays in saliva sampling previously thought tolerable lead to errors in estimating CAR magnitude and peak-timing, due to an approximate 10 min lag between awakening and cortisol rise. Ignoring this lag in calculations leads to overestimation of CAR magnitude, even if sampling is only moderately delayed. These findings, if generalizable, clarify how the physiology of the CAR unfolds, but are methodologically challenging for researchers since self-reported awakening times are not accurate enough to override concerns raised. Objective measurement of sampling time would, however, permit known delays to be taken into account when computing CAR estimates.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Evans, P.
Secondary author(s):	Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:	Abstract book
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Evans, P., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2013). The cortisol awakening response: why tolerable errors in timing may not be so tolerable and why linearity of cortisol rise should not be assumed. Abstracts of the American Psychosomatic Society 71st Annual Meeting: “Impact and Innovation” (A - 48). Miami, FL.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Cortisol awakening response / Saliva / Sampling delay / Actigraphy / Track caps / Time lag / Sampling delay
The cortisol awakening response: why tolerable errors in timing may not be so tolerable and why linearity of cortisol rise should not be assumed

Document

Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy

2015

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.09
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy
Publication year:	2015
URL:	http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(15)00169-9/abstract
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Indices of post awakening cortisol secretion (PACS), include the rise in cortisol(cortisol awakening response: CAR) and overall cortisol concentrations (e.g. area under thecurve with reference to ground: AUCg) in the first 30—45 min. Both are commonly investi-gated in relation to psychosocial variables. Although sampling within the domestic setting isecologically valid, participant non-adherence to the required timing protocol results in erro-neous measurement of PACS and this may explain discrepancies in the literature linking thesemeasures to trait well-being (TWB). We have previously shown that delays of little over 5 min(between awakening and the start of sampling) to result in erroneous CAR estimates. In thisstudy, we report for the first time on the negative impact of sample timing inaccuracy (verifiedby electronic-monitoring) on the efficacy to detect significant relationships between PACS andTWB when measured in the domestic setting.Healthy females (N = 49, 20.5 ± 2.8 years) selected for differences in TWB collected salivasamples (S1—4) on 4 days at 0, 15, 30, 45 min post awakening, to determine PACS. Adherence tothe sampling protocol was objectively monitored using a combination of electronic estimatesof awakening (actigraphy) and sampling times (track caps).Relationships between PACS and TWB were found to depend on sample timing accuracy. LowerTWB was associated with higher post awakening cortisol AUCg in proportion to the mean sampletiming accuracy (p < .005). There was no association between TWB and the CAR even taking intoaccount sample timing accuracy. These results highlight the importance of careful electronicmonitoring of participant adherence for measurement of PACS in the domestic setting. Meansample timing inaccuracy, mainly associated with delays of >5 min between awakening andcollection of sample 1 (median = 8 min delay), negatively impacts on the sensitivity of analysisto detect associations between PACS and TWB.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2015). Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 58, 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.019
2-year Impact Factor:	4.704\|2015
Times cited:	9\|2025-02-10
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Cortisol / Saliva / CAR / AUCg / Awakening / Non-adherence / Trait well-being (TWB)

Document

Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females

2016

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.10
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females
Publication year:	2016
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0167876016300204
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) provides a retrospective measure of long-term (i.e. over a period of months) cortisol secretion and has been shown to be elevated in relation to chronic stress conditions. However associations in healthy participants with subjective ill-being are less clear and associations with well-being have not been explored. The current study examined HCC in relation to independent comprehensive measures of ill-being (stress, depression, anxiety) and well-being (subjective happiness, life satisfaction, psychological well-being) in healthy young and old females (mean ± SD: 19.5 ± 2.2 years and 78.6 ± 6.7 years respectively, total N = 115). The data supported evidence of increased total cortisol secretion with increased age. No association between ill-being and HCC was found in either the young or older group of participants. A positive association between HCC and well-being was found in the older participant group which was independent of ill-being and potential confounds. These findings do not support associations between HCC and ill-being in healthy young or old females. However the results suggest that HCC is able to distinguish levels of well-being in healthy older females.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Bianchin, M., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Kirschbaum, C., Stalder, T., Clow, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Bianchin, M., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Kirschbaum, C., Stalder, T., Clow, A. (2016). Hair cortisol concentrations in relation to ill-being and well-being in healthy young and old females. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 102, 12-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.03.001
2-year Impact Factor:	2.582\|2016
Times cited:	4\|2025-02-11
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Hair cortisol concentration / HCC / Age / Females / Well-being / Ill-being

Document

Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy

2016

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.11
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy
Publication year:	2016
URL:	http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(16)30489-9/fulltext
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is typically measured in the domestic setting. Moderate sample timing inaccuracy has been shown to result in erroneous CAR estimates and such inaccuracy has been shown partially to explain inconsistency in the CAR literature. The need for more reliable measurement of the CAR has recently been highlighted in expert consensus guidelines where it was pointed out that less than 6% of published studies provided electronic-monitoring of saliva sampling time in the post-awakening period. Analyses of a merged data-set of published studies from our laboratory are presented. To qualify for selection, both time of awakening and collection of the first sample must have been verified by electronic-monitoring and sampling commenced within 15min of awakening. Participants (n=128) were young (median age of 20 years) and healthy. Cortisol values were determined in the 45min post-awakening period on 215 sampling days. On 127days, delay between verified awakening and collection of the first sample was less than 3min ('no delay' group); on 45days there was a delay of 4-6min ('short delay' group); on 43days the delay was 7-15min ('moderate delay' group). Cortisol values for verified sampling times accurately mapped on to the typical post-awakening cortisol growth curve, regardless of whether sampling deviated from desired protocol timings. This provides support for incorporating rather than excluding delayed data (up to 15min) in CAR analyses. For this population the fitted cortisol growth curve equation predicted a mean cortisol awakening level of 6nmols/l (±1 for 95% CI) and a mean CAR rise of 6nmols/l (±2 for 95% CI). We also modelled the relationship between real delay and CAR magnitude, when the CAR is calculated erroneously by incorrectly assuming adherence to protocol time. Findings supported a curvilinear hypothesis in relation to effects of sample delay on the CAR. Short delays of 4-6min between awakening and commencement of saliva sampling resulted in an overestimated CAR. Moderate delays of 7-15min were associated with an underestimated CAR. Findings emphasize the need to employ electronic-monitoring of sampling accuracy when measuring the CAR in the domestic setting.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Related objects:	BL-2012-072.06
Author:	Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., Evans, P.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., & Evans, P. (2016). Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 74, 380-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.026
2-year Impact Factor:	4.788\|2016
Times cited:	23\|2025-02-11
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	CAR / Cortisol / Cortisol awakening response / Growth cortisol curve / Saliva / Sample timing inaccuracy

Document

Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response

2019

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2010 Grants
    - 096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
      - Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:	2010 Grants
Start date:	2011-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration:	2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):	Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s):	Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report
Language:	eng
Author:	Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):	Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2010-096.12
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:	Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response
Publication year:	2019
URL:	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453018309922
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT Pulsatile ultradian secretion of cortisol, rarely studied in salivary data, has functional importance in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. The first daily ultradian episode, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), was examined in healthy adults, in 5-min secretion rates of salivary cortisol from electronically monitored awakening time to 1.25?h. Aggregated rates revealed a cubic trend, with wave-length of almost exactly 1?h, as predicted from known ultradian periodicity. Peak secretion rate occurred 20-min post-awakening. Peak (20-min) to trough (59-min) amplitude (PTA) expressed a salient signal shape. Rates rose steeply to and from peak, and major secretion was packaged into a few 5-min intervals, inconsistent with normal or uniform distribution of 5-min rates, but consistent with known pulsatile cortisol delivery. Null hypotheses asserting normal or uniform distributions were rejected. Maximal rates overwhelmingly occurred before and minimal rates after 30-mins, with degree of extremity at each polarity significantly positively correlated. To demonstrate utility and reliability of PTA estimation in a clinically relevant domain, re- analyses of a previously published study were conducted. Data from only three saliva samples were used, given importance of cost considerations for many CAR researchers. Difference between mean rates before and after 30-min yielded a simple salience index, highly correlated with PTA derived from full 5-min interval data. CAR salience performed significantly better than traditional AUCi magnitude in discriminating control cases (higher inferred amplitude) and cases with Seasonal Affective Disorder (lower inferred amplitude). Evidence suggested that low AUCi may be more sensitive in identifying within-subject changes (e.g. more depressed mood in winter among SAD cases) and low CAR salience better at revealing enduring between-subjects associations (e.g. underlying disorder vulnerability). Since both PTA salience and AUCi magnitude can be analysed and compared using exactly the same data from the same commonly used saliva sampling points, further research is warranted into the importance of individual differences in patterns of cortisol delivery, not just how much is delivered.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Evans, P.
Secondary author(s):	Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Evans, P., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2019). Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.023
2-year Impact Factor:	4.732\|2019
Times cited:	10\|2025-02-13
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	CAR / HPA axis / Pulsatility / Secretion rate / Ultradian / Saliva
Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response