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218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality

2017-04

2020-03

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Document

The perception of pain and pleasure in immersive virtual reality: Behavioural, physiological and neurophysiological evidences

2018

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - The perception of pain and pleasure in immersive virtual reality: Behavioural, physiological and neurophysiological evidences

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.02
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	The perception of pain and pleasure in immersive virtual reality: Behavioural, physiological and neurophysiological evidences
Publication year:	2018
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Fusaro, M.
Document type:	Doctoral thesis
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Fusaro, M. (2018). The perception of pain and pleasure in immersive virtual reality: behavioural, physiological and neurophysiological evidences (Unpublished doctoral thesis). International Doctor of Philosophy Course in Psychology and Social Neuroscience, XXX cycle. Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, “Sapienza” University of Rome, Italy.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Empathy for pain and pleasure

Document

Influence of cognitive stance and physical perspective on subjective and autonomic reactivity to observed pain and pleasure: An immersive virtual reality study

2019

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - Influence of cognitive stance and physical perspective on subjective and autonomic reactivity to observed pain and pleasure: An immersive virtual reality study

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.03
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Influence of cognitive stance and physical perspective on subjective and autonomic reactivity to observed pain and pleasure: An immersive virtual reality study
Publication year:	2019
URL:	https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1053-8100(18)30347-7
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Observing others' pain may induce a reaction called personal distress that may be influenced by top-down (imagine self or other in pain, i.e., self- vs other-oriented stance) and bottom-up (physical perspective of those who suffer, i.e., first vs third person perspective- 1PP vs 3PP) processes. The different contributions of these processes have not been teased apart. By capitalizing on the power of Immersive Virtual Reality, we explored how behavioural (subjective ratings) and physiological reactivity (skin conductance reactivity, SCR) to pain and pleasure delivered to an avatar was influenced by Cognitive stance and Physical perspective. Taking an Other-Oriented stance leads to attributing higher congruent valence (i.e. pain rated as unpleasant and pleasure as pleasant) and intensity to the stimuli and induces reduced SCR. Ownership over the virtual limb was maximal in 1PP where physiological reactivity to the stimuli was comparable. Our results highlight different components underpinning reactivity to pain and pleasure.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Fusaro, M.
Secondary author(s):	Tieri, G., Aglioti, S. M.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Fusaro, M., Tieri, G., & Aglioti, S. M. (2019). Influence of cognitive stance and physical perspective on subjective and autonomic reactivity to observed pain and pleasure: An immersive virtual reality study. Consciousness and Cognition, 67, 86-97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2018.11.010
2-year Impact Factor:	2.044\|2019
Times cited:	30\|2025-02-13
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Cognitive and physical perspective-taking / Empathy / Feeling of ownership / Immersive virtual reality / Pleasant touch / Vicarious pain
Influence of cognitive stance and physical perspective on subjective and autonomic reactivity to observed pain and pleasure: An immersive virtual reality study

Document

Visual appearance of a virtual upper limb modulates the temperature of the real hand: A thermal imaging study in Immersive Virtual Reality

2017

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - Visual appearance of a virtual upper limb modulates the temperature of the real hand: A thermal imaging study in Immersive Virtual Reality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.04
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Visual appearance of a virtual upper limb modulates the temperature of the real hand: A thermal imaging study in Immersive Virtual Reality
Publication year:	2017
URL:	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejn.13545
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: To explore the link between Sense of Embodiment (SoE) over a virtual hand and physiological regulation of skin temperature, 24 healthy participants were immersed in virtual reality through a Head Mounted Display and had their real limb temperature recorded by means of a high-sensitivity infrared camera. Participants observed a virtual right upper limb (appearing either normally, or with the hand detached from the forearm) or limb-shaped non-corporeal control objects (continuous or discontinuous wooden blocks) from a first-person perspective. Subjective ratings of SoE were collected in each observation condition, as well as temperatures of the right and left hand, wrist and forearm. The observation of these complex, body and body-related virtual scenes resulted in increased real hand temperature when compared to a baseline condition in which a 3d virtual ball was presented. Crucially, observation of non-natural appearances of the virtual limb (discontinuous limb) and limb-shaped non-corporeal objects elicited high increase in real hand temperature and low SoE. In contrast, observation of the full virtual limb caused high SoE and low temperature changes in the real hand with respect to the other conditions. Interestingly, the temperature difference across the different conditions occurred according to a topographic rule that included both hands. Our study sheds new light on the role of an external hand's visual appearance and suggests a tight link between higher-order bodily self-representations and topographic regulation of skin temperature.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Gioia, A., Scandola, M., Pavone, E. F., Aglioti, S. M.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Tieri, G., Gioia, A., Scandola, M., Pavone, E. F., & Aglioti, S. M. (2017). Visual appearance of a virtual upper limb modulates the temperature of the real hand: a thermal imaging study in Immersive Virtual Reality. European Journal of Neuroscience, 45(9), 1141-1151. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.13545
2-year Impact Factor:	2.832\|2017
Times cited:	46\|2025-02-11
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q3
Keywords:	Immersive Virtual Reality / Body ownership / First person perspective / Thermal imaging / Visual continuity

Document

Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: the role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses

2020

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: the role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.05
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: the role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses
Publication year:	2020
URL:	https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/ejn.14601
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Our research focused on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating a defensive reflex (hand blink reflex, HBR) whose magnitude is enhanced when the threatened hand is inside the peripersonal space of the face. We capitalized on virtual reality, which allows dissociating vision and proprioception by presenting a virtual limb in congruent/incongruent positions with respect to the participants' limb. In experiment 1, participants placed their own stimulated hand in far/near positions with respect to their face (postural manipulation task), while observing a virtual empty scenario. Vision was not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced in near compared with far position, suggesting that proprioception is sufficient for the HBR modulation to occur. In experiment 2, participants did not perform the postural manipulation but they (passively) observed the avatar's virtual limb performing it. Proprioceptive signals were not informative, but the HBR was significantly enhanced when the observed virtual limb was near to the face, suggesting that visual information plays a role in modulating the HBR. In experiment 3, both participants and avatar performed the postural manipulation, either congruently (both of them far/near) or incongruently (one of them far, the other near). The HBR modulation was present only in congruent conditions. In incongruent conditions, the conflict between vision and proprioception confounded the system, abolishing the difference between far and near positions. Taken together, these findings promote the view that observing a virtual limb modulates the HBR, providing also new evidence on the role of vision and proprioception in modulating this subcortical reflex.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Fossataro, C.
Secondary author(s):	Tieri, G., Grollero, D., Bruno, V., Garbarini, F.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Fossataro, C., Tieri, G., Grollero, D., Bruno, V., & Garbarini, F. (2020). Hand blink reflex in virtual reality: the role of vision and proprioception in modulating defensive responses. European Journal of Neuroscience, 51(3), 937-951. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.14601
2-year Impact Factor:	3.386\|2020
Times cited:	14\|2025-02-14
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q3
Keywords:	Defensive responses / Hand blink reflex / Peripersonal space / Virtual reality

Document

Final report - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality

2020

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - Final report - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.01
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Final report - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Publication year:	2020
URL:	https://www.bial.com/media/3230/virtual-bodies-real-empathy.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Empathy is the social ability that allows one to share the emotions and feelings of other individuals. It consists in a variety of components ranging from the self-centred reactivity that maps on the self what we see in others to the other-oriented stance that allows us to understand others through cognition or emotion. Here we performed a series of studies in which we capitalize on the power of Virtual Reality (VR) to make a specific empathogenic scenario to compare the behavioural (VAS ratings), physiological (SCR) and sensorimotor (MEP) reactivity of participants who observed pain and pleasure stimuli delivered on a virtual body seen from first person perspective (1PP) or to another person, seen from third person perspective (3PP). In all the studies we found consistent results about the subjective ratings during the experience in VR. First, the observation of a virtual body in 1PP always induced a strong illusory sensation that the virtual body belongs to the observer. Second, the observation of virtual stimuli representing Pain and Pleasure induced unpleasant and pleasant sensations, respectively, that parallel with stronger sensation’s intensity respect to neutral stimuli. Moreover, while a complete knowledge about the processing of Pleasant stimuli is still far, the observation of Pain resulted in increased physiological reactivity and wider amplitude of motor evoked potentials compared to Neutral in both perspectives, suggesting that similar neural networks are involved in 1PP and 3PP. Overall, this paradigm opens novel ways to investigate the vicarious experience of virtual stimuli and the obtained findings get new light about the body and brain reactivity to the empathy for pain and pleasure.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M.
Document type:	Final report
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Tieri, G., & Fusaro, M. (2020). Final report - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Virtual reality / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Illusory body ownership
Final report - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality

Document

Visual feedback from a virtual body modulates motor illusion induced by tendon vibration

2020

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
      - Visual feedback from a virtual body modulates motor illusion induced by tendon vibration

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	218 - Virtual bodies, real empathy: Behavioural, bodily, and neural reactivity to the observation of pain and pleasure on self and others in immersive virtual reality
Duration:	2017-04 - 2020-03
Researcher(s):	Gaetano Tieri, Martina Fusaro, Valentina Nicolardi, Salvatore Maria Aglioti
Institution(s):	Unitelma Sapienza, Rome (Italy); Social Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University of Rome “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress Reports Final report Articles
Author:	Tieri, G.
Secondary author(s):	Fusaro, M., Nicolardi, V., Aglioti, S.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Virtual Reality / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Empathy for pain and pleasure / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-218.06
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Visual feedback from a virtual body modulates motor illusion induced by tendon vibration
Publication year:	2020
URL:	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00426-020-01366-5
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Frequency-specific tendon vibration (TV) elicits illusory kinesthetic sensations around the vibrated body parts. Studies indicate that vision plays a fundamental role in modulating such illusions. In our current study, we used immersive virtual reality (IVR) to investigate the role of body-related visual feedback in modulating illusory sensation of movement in the left arm. Thirty healthy participants were asked to evaluate the onset of motor illusion and four illusion-related features (vividness, duration, extension and aftereffect), in the presence and absence of real and virtual visual feedback. Additionally, subjective reports of the embodiment illusion (the sense of embodying a virtual surrogate) were collected in virtual conditions. Results showed a progressive decrease in the perception of the motor illusion along a continuum ranging from the absence of visual feedback (maximal illusory perception) to the observation of one’s own real arm (minimal illusory perception). Interestingly, the appearance of the virtual limbs affected the movement illusion differently. Specifically, TV evoked a stronger kinesthetic illusion when observing the virtual hand detached from the limb than during the observation of the virtual full limb and virtual object. This suggests that a closer visual resemblance between the virtual and real limb results in a greater effect on proprioceptive processing. However, no significant correlation was found between the illusion of arm movement and the illusion of embodiment, indicating that the two phenomena may not be directly related. These findings provide new insight into the role of body-related visual feedback in modulating motor illusions.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Fusco, G.
Secondary author(s):	Tieri, G., Aglioti, S.M.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Fusco, G., Tieri, G., & Aglioti, S.M. (2020). Visual feedback from a virtual body modulates motor illusion induced by tendon vibration. Psychological Research, 85(3), 926–938. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00426-020-01366-5
2-year Impact Factor:	2.956\|2020
Times cited:	13\|2025-02-14
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Immersive virtual reality / Embodiment illusion / Visual feedback