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DocumentThe balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations2013

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
215 - Vestibular contributions to self-awareness
Duration: 2011-03 - 2012-11
Researcher(s):
Patrick Haggard, Elisa Raffaela Ferre
Institution(s): Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Haggard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Ferrè, E. R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Body structure and function / Somatosensory system / Cognitive processes / Perception / Self / Body awareness

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
The balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations
Publication year: 2013
URL:
http://ac.els-cdn.com/S0010945212000354/1-s2.0-S0010945212000354-main.pdf?_tid=5cf52570-34a9-11e3-9e8c-00000aacb35f&acdnat=1381738956_8c8534590424e8b678030f82fb1b7f11
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The vestibular system processes information about head movement and orientation. No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the mammalian brain. Rather, vestibular inputs are combined with many other sensory signals in the cortex. This arrangement suggests that vestibular input could influence processing in other sensory modalities. Here we show that vestibular stimulation differentially modulates two submodalities of the somatosensory system, increasing sensitivity to tactile input, and independently reducing sensitivity to nociceptive input. These modulations of touch and pain can clearly be distinguished from supramodal attentional effects of vestibular stimulation, because they are bilateral and operate in different directions. Outside the artificial conditions of laboratory stimulation, the vestibular system codes movements of the head, indicating a new relation between the body and the external world. We suggest the vestibular system participates in a form of sensory signal management, changing the balance between the various sensory systems as the relation between the body and the external environment changes. This sensory rebalancing may be a crucial element in the brain's capacity to reorient towards novel or salient features in the environment.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Ferrè, E. R.
Secondary author(s):
Bottini, G., Iannetti, G. D. , Haggard, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
82.60|1.32
Reference:
Ferrè, E. R., Bottini, G., Iannetti, G. D., & Haggard, P. (2013). The balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations. Cortex, 49(3), 748-758. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2012.01.012
2-year Impact Factor: 6.042|2013
Times cited: 51|2026-02-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Caloric vestibular stimulation / Pain / Touch / Analgesia / Multisensory integration

The balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations

The balance of feelings: Vestibular modulation of bodily sensations
DocumentVestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
215 - Vestibular contributions to self-awareness
Duration: 2011-03 - 2012-11
Researcher(s):
Patrick Haggard, Elisa Raffaela Ferre
Institution(s): Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Haggard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Ferrè, E. R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Body structure and function / Somatosensory system / Cognitive processes / Perception / Self / Body awareness

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215.08
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
Vestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://fens.ekonnect.co/FENS_331/poster_32293/program.aspx
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the mammalian brain, yet vestibular input projects to several cortical areas. Therefore vestibular input could influence processing in other sensory modalities. We recently observed that caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) decreases perceptual thresholds for touch, but increases thresholds for pain, suggesting a direct role of vestibular inputs in multisensory interactions with pain. The neural mechanisms of such vestibular-induced analgesia remain unclear. To address this issue we delivered nociceptive laser stimuli to the left hand dorsum before ('Baseline') and immediately after left CVS ('CVS'), and recorded the corresponding brain responses (laser-evoked potentials, LEPs) together with the single-trial ratings of subjective pain intensity. To control for non-specific effects (e.g. time-dependent habituation) both LEPs and intensity ratings were also recorded one hour after CVS ('Post'). CVS induced a significant analgesic effect, with lower pain ratings in 'CVS' compared to both 'Baseline' and 'Post' (p=0.016 and p=0.001, respectively). There were no differences in pain ratings between 'Baseline' and 'Post'. CVS reduced the amplitude of standard LEP peaks, relative to 'Pre' and 'Post', both in the early time-window of the N1 wave (all p< 0.01) and in the later time-windows of the N2 (all p< 0.005) and P2 waves (all p< 0.05). There were trends for habituation of the N2 and P2 peaks between ´Pre´ and ´Post´ conditions (p=0.06 and p=0.10, respectively). Thus, the most striking effect of the CVS was a strong reduction of cortical responses to nociceptive laser stimulation, including components localised to the primary somatosensory cortex. These results provide the first evidence that CVS modulates cortical responses elicited by nociceptive stimuli. The analgesic effect of CVS could involve either subcortical gating of the nociceptive input, or direct modulation of evoked somatosensory cortex activity, by concurrent vestibular inputs to the same area.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Ferrè, E. R.
Secondary author(s):
Haggard, P., Bottini, G., Iannetti, G. D.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Ferrè, E. R., Haggard, P., Bottini, G., & Iannetti, G. D. (2012, July). Vestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli. Poster presented at the 8th FENS Forum of Neuroscience, Barcelona, Spain. Abstract retrieved from http://fens.ekonnect.co/FENS_331/poster_32293/program.aspx
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Caloric vestibular stimulation / Multisensory interaction / Pain / Analgesia / Somatosensory evoked potentials
Document[PH 399] Vestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
215 - Vestibular contributions to self-awareness
Duration: 2011-03 - 2012-11
Researcher(s):
Patrick Haggard, Elisa Raffaela Ferre
Institution(s): Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Haggard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Ferrè, E. R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Body structure and function / Somatosensory system / Cognitive processes / Perception / Self / Body awareness

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-215.09
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/2010
Title:
[PH 399] Vestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.abstracts2view.com/iasp/lookup_view.php?word=Ferr[egrave]&where=authors&return=%2Fiasp%2Fauthorindex.php%3Fnum%3DF%26page%3D2%26start%3D51
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
AIM OF INVESTIGATION:
No unimodal vestibular cortex has been identified in the mammalian brain, yet vestibular input projects to several cortical areas. Therefore vestibular input could influence processing in other sensory modalities. We recently observed that caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) decreases perceptual thresholds for touch, but increases thresholds for pain, thus suggesting a direct role of vestibular inputs in multisensory interactions with pain. The neural mechanisms of such vestibular-induced analgesia remain unclear.
METHODS:
To address this issue we delivered nociceptive laser stimuli to the left hand dorsum before ('Baseline' condition) and immediately after left CVS ('CVS' condition), and recorded the corresponding brain responses (laser-evoked potentials, LEPs) together with the single-trial ratings of subjective pain intensity. To control for non-specific effects (e.g. time-dependent habituation) both LEPs and intensity ratings were also recorded one hour after CVS ('Post' condition).
RESULTS:
CVS induced a significant analgesic effect, with lower pain ratings in 'CVS' compared to both 'Baseline' and 'Post' (p=0.016 and p=0.001, respectively). There were no differences in pain ratings between 'Baseline' and 'Post'. CVS reduced the amplitude of standard LEP peaks, relative to 'Pre' and 'Post', both in the early time-window of the N1 wave (all p<0.01) and in the later time-windows of the N2 (all p<0.005) and P2 waves (all p<0.05). There were trends for habituation of the N2 and P2 peaks between 'Pre' and 'Post' conditions (p=0.06 and p=0.10, respectively). Thus, the most striking effect of the CVS was a strong reduction of cortical responses to nociceptive laser stimulation, including components localised to the primary somatosensory cortex.
CONCLUSIONS:
These results provide the first evidence that CVS modulates cortical responses elicited by nociceptive stimuli. The analgesic effect of CVS could involve either subcortical gating of the nociceptive input, or a direct modulation of evoked somatosensory cortex activity, by concurrent vestibular inputs to the same area.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Ferrè, E. R.
Secondary author(s):
Haggard, P., Bottini, G., Iannetti, G. D.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Ferrè, E. R., Haggard, P., Bottini, G., & Iannetti, G. D. (2012, August). [PH 399] Vestibular stimulation modulates early cortical responses to nociceptive stimuli. Poster presented at the 14th World Congress on Pain, Milan, Italy. Abstract retrieved from http://www.abstracts2view.com/iasp/lookup_view.php?word=Ferr[egrave]&where=authors&return=%2Fiasp%2Fauthorindex.php%3Fnum%3DF%26page%3D2%26start%3D51
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Caloric vestibular stimulation / Multisensory integration / Pain / Analgesia / Somatosensory evoked potentials
DocumentCaloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-269
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
269 - Vestibular updating and the continuity of awareness
Duration: 2015-10 - 2017-11
Researcher(s):
Patrick Haggard, Elisa Raffaella Ferre, Maria Gallagher
Institution(s): Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress Report
Final Report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Haggard, P.
Secondary author(s):
Ferrè, E. R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Bodily Awareness / Vestibular System / Depersonalisation / Derealisation / Brain Stimulation / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-269.07
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Caloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials
Publication year: 2015
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00221-015-4412-8
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Vestibular stimulation has been reported to alleviate central pain. Clinical and physiological studies confirm pervasive interactions between vestibular signals and somatosensory circuits, including nociception. However, the neural mechanisms underlying vestibular-induced analgesia remain unclear, and previous clinical studies cannot rule out explanations based on alternative, non-specific effects such as distraction or placebo. To investigate how vestibular inputs influence nociception, we combined caloric vestibular stimulation (CVS) with psychophysical and electrocortical responses elicited by nociceptive-specific laser stimulation in humans (laser-evoked potentials, LEPs). Cold water CVS applied to the left ear resulted in significantly lower subjective pain intensity for experimental laser pain to the left hand immediately after CVS, relative both to before CVS and to 1 h after CVS. This transient reduction in pain perception was associated with reduced amplitude of all LEP components, including the early N1 wave reflecting the first arrival of nociceptive input to primary somatosensory cortex. We conclude that cold left ear CVS elicits a modulation of both nociceptive processing and pain perception. The analgesic effect induced by CVS could be mediated either by subcortical gating of the ascending nociceptive input, or by direct modulation of the primary somatosensory cortex.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Ferrè, E. R.
Secondary author(s):
Haggard, P., Bottini, G.,, Iannetti, G. D.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
47.12|0.56
Reference:
Ferrè, E. R., Haggard, P., Bottini, G., & Iannetti, G. D. (2015). Caloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials. Experimental Brain Research, 233, 3393–3401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00221-015-4412-8
2-year Impact Factor: 2.057|2015
Times cited: 21|2026-02-08
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q4
Keywords: Vestibular system / Nociception / Caloric vestibular stimulation / Laser-evoked potentials / Analgesia / Multisensory modulation

Caloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials

Caloric vestibular stimulation modulates nociceptive evoked potentials