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BIAL Foundation
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DocumentDelays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response2013

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration: 2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s): Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response
Publication year: 2013
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030645301200426X
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Linking psychosocial measures to the cortisol awakening response (CAR) demands accurate saliva sampling times. Monitoring adherence to the saliva sampling protocol requires electronic monitoring of both awakening and sampling times since self-reported times are inaccurate. Delays greater than 15min between awakening and commencement of saliva sampling reduce CAR magnitude. Less delay has been judged tolerable but remains unexplored for different magnitude measures, and for timing of the CAR peak.
Study 1: Fifty healthy females (21±4 years) were instructed to collect saliva on four days at 0, 15, 30 and 45min post-awakening (samples 1-4). Both self-reported awakening and sampling times were electronically monitored using actigraphy and track caps. Self-reported awakening was later than actigraph estimated awakening (median difference of 4min). Estimates of CAR magnitude were significantly greater on non-adherent days (delay of 5-15min) compared to adherent days (delay<5min). On non-adherent compared to adherent days cortisol on average peaked earlier, at sample 3 rather than at sample 4.
Study 2: Accurately timed cortisol values were obtained in an intensive investigation of 10 participants who collected saliva on 2 days every 5min for 30min post-awakening. Cortisol did not significantly increase until 10min post-awakening, suggesting a time lag may be typical between awakening and observation of a cortisol increase. We conclude that moderate delays between awakening and collection of saliva samples previously considered tolerable result in erroneous estimation of CAR magnitude and timing of the peak. These results are attributed to an approximate 10min time lag between awakening and the start of the cortisol rise. The absence of this latent period in calculations leads to overestimation of the CAR magnitude on moderately non-adherent sampling days. These findings, if more universally generalizable, will further theoretical understanding of the physiology of the CAR, but are methodologically challenging for researchers since self-reported awakening times are not accurate enough to override the concerns raised. However accurate electronic measurement of adherence to protocol would enable sampling delays to be taken into account in computing CAR estimates.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):
Clow, A., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smyth, N., Clow, A., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Evans, P. (2013). Delays of 5-15min between awakening and the start of saliva sampling matter in assessment of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 38(9), 1476-1483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2012.12.013
2-year Impact Factor: 5.591|2013
Times cited: 64|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Cortisol / Saliva / Cortisol awakening response / Non-adherence / Awakening / Actigraphy / Track caps / Time lag / Sampling delay
DocumentPost awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration: 2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s): Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096.09
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(15)00169-9/abstract
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Indices of post awakening cortisol secretion (PACS), include the rise in cortisol(cortisol awakening response: CAR) and overall cortisol concentrations (e.g. area under thecurve with reference to ground: AUCg) in the first 30—45 min. Both are commonly investi-gated in relation to psychosocial variables. Although sampling within the domestic setting isecologically valid, participant non-adherence to the required timing protocol results in erro-neous measurement of PACS and this may explain discrepancies in the literature linking thesemeasures to trait well-being (TWB). We have previously shown that delays of little over 5 min(between awakening and the start of sampling) to result in erroneous CAR estimates. In thisstudy, we report for the first time on the negative impact of sample timing inaccuracy (verifiedby electronic-monitoring) on the efficacy to detect significant relationships between PACS andTWB when measured in the domestic setting.Healthy females (N = 49, 20.5 ± 2.8 years) selected for differences in TWB collected salivasamples (S1—4) on 4 days at 0, 15, 30, 45 min post awakening, to determine PACS. Adherence tothe sampling protocol was objectively monitored using a combination of electronic estimatesof awakening (actigraphy) and sampling times (track caps).Relationships between PACS and TWB were found to depend on sample timing accuracy. LowerTWB was associated with higher post awakening cortisol AUCg in proportion to the mean sampletiming accuracy (p < .005). There was no association between TWB and the CAR even taking intoaccount sample timing accuracy. These results highlight the importance of careful electronicmonitoring of participant adherence for measurement of PACS in the domestic setting. Meansample timing inaccuracy, mainly associated with delays of >5 min between awakening andcollection of sample 1 (median = 8 min delay), negatively impacts on the sensitivity of analysisto detect associations between PACS and TWB.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2015). Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 58, 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.019
2-year Impact Factor: 4.704|2015
Times cited: 9|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Cortisol / Saliva / CAR / AUCg / Awakening / Non-adherence / Trait well-being (TWB)
DocumentRelationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
072 - The psychophysiology of human attachment and stress
Duration: 2013-10 - 2015-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Andrea Oskis, Nina Smyth
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Oskis, A., Smyth, N.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Stress and health

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10253890.2016.1146671
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
We report the relationship between patterns of post-awakening salivary melatonin and cortisol secretion in healthy participants (n=51; mean age 21.6 ± 5.0 years). Saliva samples were collected within the domestic setting, at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min post-awakening on 2 consecutive typical weekdays. Analyses were undertaken on data with electronically verified sample timing accuracy (<?5 min delay between awakening and the start of saliva sampling). Melatonin secretion declined linearly by an average of 29% within the first 45 minutes post-awakening. In contrast there was a marked 112% surge in cortisol, characteristic of the cortisol awakening response. No day-differences in melatonin or cortisol secretion were observed but melatonin concentrations were lower with later awakening. Despite contrasting post-awakening changes in these hormones there was a lack of relationship between overall levels or patterns of melatonin and cortisol during this period.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Ramachandran, N.
Secondary author(s):
Smyth, L., Thorn, L., Eardley, A., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Ramachandran, N., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Eardley, A., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2016). Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 19(2), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2016.1146671
2-year Impact Factor: 2.590|2016
Times cited: 9|2025-02-11
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Saliva / CAR / Awakening / Circadian / Biological dawn / Diurnal
File356 - Altered states, exceptional experiences, and stable self-transformation over time in contemplative practice

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2024
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2024 Grants
Start date: 2025-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2024-356
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
356 - Altered states, exceptional experiences, and stable self-transformation over time in contemplative practice
Researcher(s): Cecilia Bastos, Marc Wittmann
Institution(s): Center for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität (Germany); Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health - IGPP, Freiburg (Germany); National Museum, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Language: eng
Notes:
This project has not started yet
Author: Bastos, C.
Secondary author(s):
Wittmann, M.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Body boundaries / Self-awareness / Awakening / Exceptional experiences / Parapsychology