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DocumentToward a brain theory of meditation2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: AWARE
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/Outros Apoios
Title:
Aware Mind-Brain: bridging insights on the mechanisms and neural substrates of human awareness and meditation
Duration: 2015-11
Researcher(s):
Antonino Raffone, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Henk P. Barendregt, Fabio M. Giommi, Juliana Jordanova, Peter Malinowski, Stephen Whitmarsh
Institution(s): ECONA . Interuniversity Center for Cognitive Processing in Natural and Artificial Systems, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza” (Italy)
Contents: Application
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Notes:
This project is still in progress
Author: Raffone, A.
Secondary author(s):
Salvatore, M. A., Barendregt, H., Giommi, F. M., Jordanova, J., Malinowski, P., Whitmarsh, S.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Meditation / Awareness

Reference code: AWARE-06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/Outros Apoios
Title:
Toward a brain theory of meditation
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612318301675?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The rapidly progressing science of meditation has led to insights about the neural correlates of focused attention meditation (FAM), open monitoring meditation (OMM), compassion meditation (CM) and loving kindness meditation (LKM), in terms of states and traits. However, a unified theoretical understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in meditation-related functions, including mindfulness, is lacking. After reviewing the main forms of meditation and their relationships, the major brain networks and brain states, as well as influential theoretical views of consciousness, we outline a Brain Theory of Meditation (BTM). BTM takes the lead from considerations about the roles of the major brain networks, i.e., the central executive, salience and default mode networks, and their interplay, in meditation, and from an essential energetic limitation of the human brain, such that only up to 1% of the neurons in the cortex can be concurrently activated. The development of the theory is also guided by our neuroscientific studies with the outstanding participation of Theravada Buddhist monks, with other relevant findings in literature. BTM suggests mechanisms for the different forms of meditation, with the down-regulation of brain network activities in FAM, the gating and tuning of network coupling in OMM, and state-related up-regulation effects in CM and LKM. The theory also advances a leftward asymmetry in top-down regulation, and an enhanced inter-hemispheric integration, in meditation states and traits, also with implications for a theoretical understanding of conscious access. Meditation thus provides a meta-function for an efficient brain/mind regulation, and a flexible allocation of highly limited and often constrained (e.g., by negative emotion and mind wandering) brain activity resources, which can be related to mindfulness. Finally, a series of experimental predictions is derived from the theory.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Related objects:
BL-2016-066.02
Author: Raffone, A.
Secondary author(s):
Marzetti, L., Del Gratta, C., Perrucci, M. G., Romani, G. L., Pizzella, V.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Raffone, A., Marzetti, L., Del Gratta, C., Perrucci, M. G., Romani, G. L., & Pizzella, V. (2019). Toward a brain theory of meditation. Progress in Brain Research, 244, 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.028
2-year Impact Factor: 1.746|2019
Times cited: 51|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q4
Keywords: Attention / Brain network / Consciousness / Meditation / Mindfulness / Neuroplasticity / Theory
DocumentToward a brain theory of meditation2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-066
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
066 - Mindfulness meditation shapes synchronization of brain networks for effective perceptual decision making
Duration: 2017-09 - 2019-09
Researcher(s):
Laura Marzetti
Institution(s): Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti - Pescara (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Marzetti, L.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Mindfulness meditation / Phase synchrony / Magnetoencephalography / Brain Rhythms / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-066.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Toward a brain theory of meditation
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0079612318301675?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The rapidly progressing science of meditation has led to insights about the neural correlates of focused attention meditation (FAM), open monitoring meditation (OMM), compassion meditation (CM) and loving kindness meditation (LKM), in terms of states and traits. However, a unified theoretical understanding of the brain mechanisms involved in meditation-related functions, including mindfulness, is lacking. After reviewing the main forms of meditation and their relationships, the major brain networks and brain states, as well as influential theoretical views of consciousness, we outline a Brain Theory of Meditation (BTM). BTM takes the lead from considerations about the roles of the major brain networks, i.e., the central executive, salience and default mode networks, and their interplay, in meditation, and from an essential energetic limitation of the human brain, such that only up to 1% of the neurons in the cortex can be concurrently activated. The development of the theory is also guided by our neuroscientific studies with the outstanding participation of Theravada Buddhist monks, with other relevant findings in literature. BTM suggests mechanisms for the different forms of meditation, with the down-regulation of brain network activities in FAM, the gating and tuning of network coupling in OMM, and state-related up-regulation effects in CM and LKM. The theory also advances a leftward asymmetry in top-down regulation, and an enhanced inter-hemispheric integration, in meditation states and traits, also with implications for a theoretical understanding of conscious access. Meditation thus provides a meta-function for an efficient brain/mind regulation, and a flexible allocation of highly limited and often constrained (e.g., by negative emotion and mind wandering) brain activity resources, which can be related to mindfulness. Finally, a series of experimental predictions is derived from the theory.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Related objects:
AWARE-06
Author: Raffone, A.
Secondary author(s):
Marzetti, L., Del Gratta, C., Perrucci, M. G., Romani, G. L., Pizzella, V.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Raffone, A., Marzetti, L., Del Gratta, C., Perrucci, M. G., Romani, G. L., & Pizzella, V. (2019). Toward a brain theory of meditation. Progress in Brain Research, 244, 207-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.pbr.2018.10.028
2-year Impact Factor: 1.746|2019
Times cited: 51|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q4
Keywords: Meditation / Consciousness / Mindfulness / Attention / Brain network / Neuroplasticity / Theory
DocumentChanges in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the self2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-087
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 24/2012
Title:
087 - Neurobiological correlates of empathy in couples: A study of central and peripheral measures
Duration: 2013-05 - 2017/07
Researcher(s):
Joana Fernandes Pereira Coutinho, Cledna Patricia de Oliveira Silva, Jean Decety, Kristin Perrone McGovern, Óscar Filipe Coelho Neves Gonçalves, Vânia Andrea Sousa Gonçalves Moreira de Lima
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação em Psicologia, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
2 Articles (1 published and 1 submitted)
Language: eng
Author:
Coutinho, J.
Secondary author(s):
Silva, C. P., Decety, J., McGovern, K., Gonçalves, O., Lima, V.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Emotion / Empathy / Affective and social behavior / Conjugality / Brain structure and function / Intervention

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-087.22
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 24/2012
Title:
Changes in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the self
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00151/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Previous research showed that the ability to make inferences about our own and other's mental states rely on common brain pathways; particularly in the case of close relationships (e.g., romantic relationships). Despite the evidence for shared neural representations of self and others, less is known about the distributed processing within these common neural networks, particularly whether there are specific patterns of internode communication when focusing on other vs. self. This study aimed to characterize context-sensitive coupling among social brain regions involved in self and other understanding. Participants underwent an fMRI while watching emotional video vignettes of their romantic partner and elaborated on their partner's (other-condition) or on their own experience (self-condition). We used dynamic causal modeling (DCM) to quantify the associated changes in effective connectivity (EC) in a network of brain regions involved in social cognition including the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), the posterior cingulate (PCC)/precuneus and middle temporal gyrus (MTG). DCM revealed that: the PCC plays a central coordination role within this network, the bilateral MTG receives driving inputs from other nodes suggesting that social information is first processed in language comprehension regions; the right TPJ evidenced a selective increase in its sensitivity when focusing on the other's experience, relative to focusing on oneself.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Esménio, S.
Secondary author(s):
Soares, J. M., Oliveira-Silva, P., Gonçalves, Ó. F., Friston, K., Coutinho, J. F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Esménio, S., Soares, J. M., Oliveira-Silva, P., Gonçalves, Ó. F., Friston, K., & Coutinho, J. F. (2020). Changes in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the self. Frontiers in Human Neurosciences, 14: 151. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnhum.2020.00151
2-year Impact Factor: 3.169|2020
Times cited: 11|2025-09-20
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Social cognition / Self and other / Brain network / Effective connectivity / DCM / PEB

Changes in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the self

Changes in the effective connectivity of the social brain when making inferences about close others vs. the self
DocumentTranscutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation and disorders of consciousness: A hypothesis for mechanisms of action2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: NDE
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/Outros Apoios
Title:
Characterization of “Near-Death Experiences” through the comparison of experiencers and non-experiencers’ particularities: inter-individual differences in cognitive characteristics and susceptibility to false memories
Duration: 2016-03 - 2019-03
Researcher(s):
Steven Laureys, Charlotte Martial, Héléna Cassol
Institution(s): Coma Science Group, University of Liège (Belgium)
Contents: Application
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Laureys, S.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Near-death experience / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Reference code: NDE-86
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/Outros Apoios
Title:
Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation and disorders of consciousness: A hypothesis for mechanisms of action
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2020.00933/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Disorders of consciousness (DoC) are the hallmark of severe acquired brain injuries characterized by abnormal activity in important brain areas and disruption within and between brain networks. As DoC's therapeutic arsenal is limited, new potential therapies such as transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation (taVNS) have recently been explored. The potential of taVNS in the process of consciousness recovery has been highlighted in recent studies with DoC patients. However, it is not clear how taVNS plays a role in the recovery of consciousness. In this article, we first describe the neural correlates of consciousness, the vagus nerve anatomy and functions, along with the results of functional magnetic resonance imaging studies using taVNS. Based on consciousness recovery and taVNS mechanisms, we propose the Vagal Cortical Pathways model. This model highlights four consecutive pathways (A. Lower brainstem activation, B. Upper brainstem activation, C. Norepinephrine pathway, and D. Serotonin pathway) likely to have an impact on patients with a brain injury and DoC. Additionally, we suggest six different mechanisms of action: (1) Activation of the ascending reticular activating system; (2) Activation of the thalamus; (3) Re-establishment of the cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop; (4) Promotion of negative connectivity between external and default mode networks by the activation of the salience network; (5) Increase in activity and connectivity within the external network through the norepinephrine pathway; and (6) Increase in activity within the default mode network through the serotonin pathway. This model aims to explain the potential therapeutic effects that taVNS has on brain activity in the process of consciousness recovery.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Briand, M. M.
Secondary author(s):
Gosseries, O., Staumont, B., Laureys, S., Thibaut, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Briand, M. M., Gosseries, O., Staumont, B., Laureys, S., & Thibaut, A. (2020). Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation and disorders of consciousness: A hypothesis for mechanisms of action. Frontiers in neurology, 11, 933. https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2020.00933
2-year Impact Factor: 4.003|2020
Times cited: 43|2025-09-20
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Disorders of consciousness / Post-coma / Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation / Brain injury / Non-invasive brain stimulation / Brain network / Functional magnetic resonance imaging

Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation and disorders of consciousness: A hypothesis for mechanisms of action

Transcutaneous auricular vagal nerve stimulation and disorders of consciousness: A hypothesis for mechanisms of action