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DocumentPost awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration: 2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s): Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096.09
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(15)00169-9/abstract
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Indices of post awakening cortisol secretion (PACS), include the rise in cortisol(cortisol awakening response: CAR) and overall cortisol concentrations (e.g. area under thecurve with reference to ground: AUCg) in the first 30—45 min. Both are commonly investi-gated in relation to psychosocial variables. Although sampling within the domestic setting isecologically valid, participant non-adherence to the required timing protocol results in erro-neous measurement of PACS and this may explain discrepancies in the literature linking thesemeasures to trait well-being (TWB). We have previously shown that delays of little over 5 min(between awakening and the start of sampling) to result in erroneous CAR estimates. In thisstudy, we report for the first time on the negative impact of sample timing inaccuracy (verifiedby electronic-monitoring) on the efficacy to detect significant relationships between PACS andTWB when measured in the domestic setting.Healthy females (N = 49, 20.5 ± 2.8 years) selected for differences in TWB collected salivasamples (S1—4) on 4 days at 0, 15, 30, 45 min post awakening, to determine PACS. Adherence tothe sampling protocol was objectively monitored using a combination of electronic estimatesof awakening (actigraphy) and sampling times (track caps).Relationships between PACS and TWB were found to depend on sample timing accuracy. LowerTWB was associated with higher post awakening cortisol AUCg in proportion to the mean sampletiming accuracy (p < .005). There was no association between TWB and the CAR even taking intoaccount sample timing accuracy. These results highlight the importance of careful electronicmonitoring of participant adherence for measurement of PACS in the domestic setting. Meansample timing inaccuracy, mainly associated with delays of >5 min between awakening andcollection of sample 1 (median = 8 min delay), negatively impacts on the sensitivity of analysisto detect associations between PACS and TWB.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2015). Post awakening salivary cortisol secretion and trait well-being: The importance of sample timing accuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 58, 141-151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.04.019
2-year Impact Factor: 4.704|2015
Times cited: 9|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Cortisol / Saliva / CAR / AUCg / Awakening / Non-adherence / Trait well-being (TWB)
DocumentRelationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
072 - The psychophysiology of human attachment and stress
Duration: 2013-10 - 2015-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Andrea Oskis, Nina Smyth
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Oskis, A., Smyth, N.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Stress and health

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.3109/10253890.2016.1146671
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
We report the relationship between patterns of post-awakening salivary melatonin and cortisol secretion in healthy participants (n=51; mean age 21.6 ± 5.0 years). Saliva samples were collected within the domestic setting, at 0, 15, 30 and 45 min post-awakening on 2 consecutive typical weekdays. Analyses were undertaken on data with electronically verified sample timing accuracy (<?5 min delay between awakening and the start of saliva sampling). Melatonin secretion declined linearly by an average of 29% within the first 45 minutes post-awakening. In contrast there was a marked 112% surge in cortisol, characteristic of the cortisol awakening response. No day-differences in melatonin or cortisol secretion were observed but melatonin concentrations were lower with later awakening. Despite contrasting post-awakening changes in these hormones there was a lack of relationship between overall levels or patterns of melatonin and cortisol during this period.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Ramachandran, N.
Secondary author(s):
Smyth, L., Thorn, L., Eardley, A., Evans, P., Clow, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Ramachandran, N., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Eardley, A., Evans, P., & Clow, A. (2016). Relationship between post-awakening salivary cortisol and melatonin secretion in healthy participants. Stress: The International Journal on the Biology of Stress, 19(2), 260-263. https://doi.org/10.3109/10253890.2016.1146671
2-year Impact Factor: 2.590|2016
Times cited: 9|2025-02-11
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Saliva / CAR / Awakening / Circadian / Biological dawn / Diurnal
DocumentAssessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
072 - The psychophysiology of human attachment and stress
Duration: 2013-10 - 2015-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Andrea Oskis, Nina Smyth
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Oskis, A., Smyth, N.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Stress and health

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-072.06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(16)30489-9/fulltext
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is typically measured in the domestic setting. Moderate sample timing inaccuracy has been shown to result in erroneous CAR estimates and such inaccuracy has been shown partially to explain inconsistency in the CAR literature. The need for more reliable measurement of the CAR has recently been highlighted in expert consensus guidelines where it was pointed out that less than 6% of published studies provided electronic-monitoring of saliva sampling time in the post-awakening period. Analyses of a merged data-set of published studies from our laboratory are presented. To qualify for selection, both time of awakening and collection of the first sample must have been verified by electronic-monitoring and sampling commenced within 15min of awakening. Participants (n=128) were young (median age of 20 years) and healthy. Cortisol values were determined in the 45min post-awakening period on 215 sampling days. On 127days, delay between verified awakening and collection of the first sample was less than 3min ('no delay' group); on 45days there was a delay of 4-6min ('short delay' group); on 43days the delay was 7-15min ('moderate delay' group). Cortisol values for verified sampling times accurately mapped on to the typical post-awakening cortisol growth curve, regardless of whether sampling deviated from desired protocol timings. This provides support for incorporating rather than excluding delayed data (up to 15min) in CAR analyses. For this population the fitted cortisol growth curve equation predicted a mean cortisol awakening level of 6nmols/l (±1 for 95% CI) and a mean CAR rise of 6nmols/l (±2 for 95% CI). We also modelled the relationship between real delay and CAR magnitude, when the CAR is calculated erroneously by incorrectly assuming adherence to protocol time. Findings supported a curvilinear hypothesis in relation to effects of sample delay on the CAR. Short delays of 4-6min between awakening and commencement of saliva sampling resulted in an overestimated CAR. Moderate delays of 7-15min were associated with an underestimated CAR. Findings emphasize the need to employ electronic-monitoring of sampling accuracy when measuring the CAR in the domestic setting.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
BL-2010-096.11
Author: Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., Evans, P.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., & Evans, P. (2016). Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 74, 380-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.026
2-year Impact Factor: 4.788|2016
Times cited: 23|2025-02-11
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: CAR / Cortisol / Cortisol awakening response / Growth cortisol curve / Saliva / Sample timing inaccuracy
DocumentAssessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration: 2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s): Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096.11
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.psyneuen-journal.com/article/S0306-4530(16)30489-9/fulltext
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The cortisol awakening response (CAR) is typically measured in the domestic setting. Moderate sample timing inaccuracy has been shown to result in erroneous CAR estimates and such inaccuracy has been shown partially to explain inconsistency in the CAR literature. The need for more reliable measurement of the CAR has recently been highlighted in expert consensus guidelines where it was pointed out that less than 6% of published studies provided electronic-monitoring of saliva sampling time in the post-awakening period. Analyses of a merged data-set of published studies from our laboratory are presented. To qualify for selection, both time of awakening and collection of the first sample must have been verified by electronic-monitoring and sampling commenced within 15min of awakening. Participants (n=128) were young (median age of 20 years) and healthy. Cortisol values were determined in the 45min post-awakening period on 215 sampling days. On 127days, delay between verified awakening and collection of the first sample was less than 3min ('no delay' group); on 45days there was a delay of 4-6min ('short delay' group); on 43days the delay was 7-15min ('moderate delay' group). Cortisol values for verified sampling times accurately mapped on to the typical post-awakening cortisol growth curve, regardless of whether sampling deviated from desired protocol timings. This provides support for incorporating rather than excluding delayed data (up to 15min) in CAR analyses. For this population the fitted cortisol growth curve equation predicted a mean cortisol awakening level of 6nmols/l (±1 for 95% CI) and a mean CAR rise of 6nmols/l (±2 for 95% CI). We also modelled the relationship between real delay and CAR magnitude, when the CAR is calculated erroneously by incorrectly assuming adherence to protocol time. Findings supported a curvilinear hypothesis in relation to effects of sample delay on the CAR. Short delays of 4-6min between awakening and commencement of saliva sampling resulted in an overestimated CAR. Moderate delays of 7-15min were associated with an underestimated CAR. Findings emphasize the need to employ electronic-monitoring of sampling accuracy when measuring the CAR in the domestic setting.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
BL-2012-072.06
Author: Smyth, N.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., Evans, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A., & Evans, P. (2016). Assessment of the cortisol awakening response: Real-time analysis and curvilinear effects of sample timing inaccuracy. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 74, 380-386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2016.09.026
2-year Impact Factor: 4.788|2016
Times cited: 23|2025-02-11
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: CAR / Cortisol / Cortisol awakening response / Growth cortisol curve / Saliva / Sample timing inaccuracy
DocumentSalience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
096 - The psychophysiology of positive psychology
Duration: 2011-06 - 2013-09
Researcher(s):
Angela Clow, Lisa Thorn, Nina Smyth, Frank Hucklebridge
Institution(s): Psychophysiology and Stress Research Group, Department of Psychology, University of Westminster, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Clow, A.
Secondary author(s):
Thorn, L., Smyth, N., Hucklebridge, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Stress and health / Well-being / Psychoneuroimmunology / Endocrinology / Affective and social behavior / Attachment / Developmental psychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-096.12
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2010
Title:
Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306453018309922
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT
Pulsatile ultradian secretion of cortisol, rarely studied in salivary data, has functional importance in hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis regulation. The first daily ultradian episode, the cortisol awakening response (CAR), was examined in healthy adults, in 5-min secretion rates of salivary cortisol from electronically monitored awakening time to 1.25?h. Aggregated rates revealed a cubic trend, with wave-length of almost exactly 1?h, as predicted from known ultradian periodicity. Peak secretion rate occurred 20-min post-awakening. Peak (20-min) to trough (59-min) amplitude (PTA) expressed a salient signal shape. Rates rose steeply to and from peak, and major secretion was packaged into a few 5-min intervals, inconsistent with normal or uniform distribution of 5-min rates, but consistent with known pulsatile cortisol delivery. Null hypotheses asserting normal or uniform distributions were rejected. Maximal rates overwhelmingly occurred before and minimal rates after 30-mins, with degree of extremity at each polarity significantly positively correlated.
To demonstrate utility and reliability of PTA estimation in a clinically relevant domain, re- analyses of a previously published study were conducted. Data from only three saliva samples were used, given importance of cost considerations for many CAR researchers. Difference between mean rates before and after 30-min yielded a simple salience index, highly correlated with PTA derived from full 5-min interval data. CAR salience performed significantly better than traditional AUCi magnitude in discriminating control cases (higher inferred amplitude) and cases with Seasonal Affective Disorder (lower inferred amplitude). Evidence suggested that low AUCi may be more sensitive in identifying within-subject changes (e.g. more depressed mood in winter among SAD cases) and low CAR salience better at revealing enduring between-subjects associations (e.g. underlying disorder vulnerability). Since both PTA salience and AUCi magnitude can be analysed and compared using exactly the same data from the same commonly used saliva sampling points, further research is warranted into the importance of individual differences in patterns of cortisol delivery, not just how much is delivered.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Evans, P.
Secondary author(s):
Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., Clow, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Evans, P., Smyth, N., Thorn, L., Hucklebridge, F., & Clow, A. (2019). Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 103, 249-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2019.01.023
2-year Impact Factor: 4.732|2019
Times cited: 10|2025-02-13
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: CAR / HPA axis / Pulsatility / Secretion rate / Ultradian / Saliva

Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response

Salience versus magnitude in the measurement of the cortisol awakening response