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BIAL Foundation
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DocumentInteraction between expectancies and drug effects: an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 22 /2006
Title:
2006 Grants
Start date: 2007-01 - 2013-11
Dimension/support:
22 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
161 - The relation of mind to body. Psychophysiological studies of the placebo effect
Duration: 2007-01 - 2010-05
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Oddmund Johansen, Terje Simonsen, Per M. Aslaksen, Peter Lyby, Espen Bjorkedal
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Aslaksen, P., Lyby, P., Bjørkedal, E.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161.06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
Interaction between expectancies and drug effects: an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21384106
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
RATIONALE:
In a randomised placebo-controlled clinical trial it is assumed that psychosocial effects of the treatment, regression to the mean and spontaneous remission are identical in the drug and placebo group. Consequently, any difference between the groups can be ascribed to the pharmacological effects. Previous studies suggest that side effects of drugs can enhance expectancies of treatment effects in the drug group compared to the placebo group, and thereby increase placebo responses in the drug group compared to the placebo group.
OBJECTIVES:
The hypothesis that side effects of drugs can enhance expectancies and placebo responses was tested.
METHOD:
Painful laser stimuli were delivered to 20 healthy subjects before and after administration of a drink with 0 or 4 mg/kg caffeine. The drink was administered either with information that it contained a painkiller or that it was a placebo. Laser-evoked potentials and reports of pain, expectancy, arousal and stress were measured.
RESULTS:
Four milligrammes per kilogramme of caffeine reduced pain. Information that a painkiller was administered increased the analgesic effect of caffeine compared to caffeine administered with no drug information. This effect was mediated by expectancies. Information and expectancies had no effect on pain intensity when 0 mg/kg was administered.
CONCLUSION:
The analgesic effect of caffeine was increased by information that a painkiller was administered. This was due to an interaction of the pharmacological action of the drug and expectancies. Hence, psychosocial effects accompanying a treatment can differ when an active drug is administered compared to a placebo.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2010-186.07
Author: Bjørkedal, E.
Secondary author(s):
Flaten, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
76.09|1.02
Reference:
Bjørkedal, E., & Flaten, M. (2011). Interaction between expectancies and drug effects: An experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo. Psychopharmacology, 215(3), 537-548. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-011-2233-4
2-year Impact Factor: 4.077|2011
Times cited: 39|2026-02-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Placebo analgesia / Pain / Expectancies / Laser-evoked potentials / Active placebo / Caffeine / Arousal / Balanced placebo design

Interaction between expectancies and drug effects: an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo

Interaction between expectancies and drug effects: an experimental investigation of placebo analgesia with caffeine as an active placebo
DocumentThe effect of caffeine on the placebo response in laser evoked potentials2009

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 22 /2006
Title:
2006 Grants
Start date: 2007-01 - 2013-11
Dimension/support:
22 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
161 - The relation of mind to body. Psychophysiological studies of the placebo effect
Duration: 2007-01 - 2010-05
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Oddmund Johansen, Terje Simonsen, Per M. Aslaksen, Peter Lyby, Espen Bjorkedal
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Aslaksen, P., Lyby, P., Bjørkedal, E.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161.22
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
The effect of caffeine on the placebo response in laser evoked potentials
Publication year: 2009
URL:
http://www.abstractsonline.com/Plan/ViewAbstract.aspx?sKey=900967bd-51c4-4851-bf1c-9ac4ab8672ed&cKey=a7419732-4fbb-48e0-806c-da6bee243fce&mKey=%7b081F7976-E4CD-4F3D-A0AF-E8387992A658%7d
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
AIM:
To investigate whether an active placebo drug, caffeine, could enhance the placebo analgesic response. It was tested whether the subjective, arousing effects of caffeine could enhance expectancies that active medication had been administrated, and increase placebo analgesia.
METHODS:
Administration of grapefruit juice with or without 4 mg/kg caffeine was crossed with information that the drink contained a potent painkiller or placebo in a balanced placebo within-subjects design. Pain was induced by a Nd:YAP 1340 Stimul laser and electroencephalography was recorded from 32 electrodes. Preliminary data are reported.
RESULTS:
A placebo response was seen on P2 amplitude. Caffeine had no analgesic response, and did not significantly increase arousal. Contrary to the hypothesis, the active placebo caffeine administered with information that it was an analgesic blocked the placebo response on P2 amplitude.
DISCUSSION:
The EEG data clearly showed a placebo analgesic response to information that a painkiller had been administrated, but caffeine did not enhance the placebo analgesic response. This could be due to the weak effect of caffeine on subjective arousal. The surprising observation that caffeine reduced the placebo analgesic response suggests that administration of a stimulant drug may interact with placebo analgesic responding.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bjørkedal, E.
Secondary author(s):
Aslaksen, P., Flaten, M.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bjørkedal, E., Aslaksen, P., & Flaten, M. (2009). The effect of caffeine on the placebo response in laser evoked potentials. Program No. 854.4/W30. 2009 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. Chicago, IL: Society for Neuroscience. Online.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Placebo / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Caffeine
DocumentEvent-related potentials to painful stimulation after caffeine and placebo in a balanced placebo design2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 22 /2006
Title:
2006 Grants
Start date: 2007-01 - 2013-11
Dimension/support:
22 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
161 - The relation of mind to body. Psychophysiological studies of the placebo effect
Duration: 2007-01 - 2010-05
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Oddmund Johansen, Terje Simonsen, Per M. Aslaksen, Peter Lyby, Espen Bjorkedal
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Aslaksen, P., Lyby, P., Bjørkedal, E.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161.23
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
Event-related potentials to painful stimulation after caffeine and placebo in a balanced placebo design
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://www.jpain.org/article/S1526-5900(10)00249-X/fulltext
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
An active placebo is a drug that has subjective side effects, but does not reduce the symptom under investigation. Since the active placebo has subjective effects, it may inform the participant that a drug, and not a placebo, has been administrated. Therefore, it was investigated whether side effects of a drug may provide information that can modulate expectancies towards treatment. Administration of 0 mg/kg bw or 4 mg/kg caffeine was crossed with information that the drink contained a potent painkiller or placebo in a balanced placebo within-subjects design (N=15). Four mg/kg caffeine was administrated to induce side effects, e.g., increased arousal, hypothesized to enhance expectations that an active drug had been administrated. An enhancement of expectations by caffeine, with a consequent increase in the placebo effect, would be evidence that drug side effects could increase the placebo effect. Pain was induced by a Nd:YAP 1340 Stimul laser before, and 30 minutes after administration of the drink. Electroencephalography was recorded from 32 electrodes. The results showed that caffeine heightened arousal, but expectancies of pain reduction were not significantly higher in the active placebo condition compared to the placebo condition. Caffeine did not enhance the credibility of the information, probably because arousal varies during the day and only small changes in arousal were induced by caffeine. Four mg/kg caffeine reduced reported pain, but not P2 amplitude.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Aslaksen, P., Bjørkedal, E.
Document type:
Abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Flaten, M., Aslaksen, P., & Bjørkedal, E. (2010). Event-related potentials to painful stimulation after caffeine and placebo in a balanced placebo design. Journal of Pain, 11(4), Supplement, S56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpain.2010.01.233
Indexed document: Yes
Keywords: Active placebo / Placebo / Caffeine / Pain / Arousal