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DocumentA vision for medical research in the new era of complexity: A new multimodal integrative paradigm

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/E
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: Documentation and Information Center
History: Books that are part of the documentation center

Reference code: PT/FB/E/053
Title: A vision for medical research in the new era of complexity: A new multimodal integrative paradigm
Número de inventário: M-0054
Local: Porto
Publisher: Laboratórios Bial
Date: 2010
Pag., vols.: 195 p.
Illustration: il., graphs
Dimension/support: 24 cm
Accessibility: Document exists in archive
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Notes:
Grande Prémio Bial de Medicina 2008
Edition: 1ª ed.
Collection: (Bial ; 39)
Author: Castelo-Branco, M.
Document type:
Book
Keywords:
Medical research / Complexity / Neurophysiology / Brain imaging / In vivo imaging / Electrophysiology / Psychophysics / Multimodal techniques
DocumentMindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
080 - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling
Duration: 2021-10 - 2025-10
Researcher(s):
Laura Marzetti
Institution(s): Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara (Italy)
Abstract/Results: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Marzetti, L.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Meditation / Brain states / Computational modelling / Neuroimaging / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/neuroscience/articles/10.3389/fnins.2024.1295615/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Background: The investigation of mindfulness meditation practice, classically divided into focused attention meditation (FAM), and open monitoring meditation (OMM) styles, has seen a long tradition of theoretical, affective, neurophysiological and clinical studies. In particular, the high temporal resolution of magnetoencephalography (MEG) or electroencephalography (EEG) has been exploited to fill the gap between the personal experience of meditation practice and its neural correlates. Mounting evidence, in fact, shows that human brain activity is highly dynamic, transiting between different brain states (microstates). In this study, we aimed at exploring MEG microstates at source-level during FAM, OMM and in the resting state, as well as the complexity and criticality of dynamic transitions between microstates.
Methods: Ten right-handed Theravada Buddhist monks with a meditative expertise of minimum 2,265 h participated in the experiment. MEG data were acquired during a randomized block design task (6 min FAM, 6 min OMM, with each meditative block preceded and followed by 3 min resting state). Source reconstruction was performed using eLORETA on individual cortical space, and then parcellated according to the Human Connect Project atlas. Microstate analysis was then applied to parcel level signals in order to derive microstate topographies and indices. In addition, from microstate sequences, the Hurst exponent and the Lempel-Ziv complexity (LZC) were computed.
Results: Our results show that the coverage and occurrence of specific microstates are modulated either by being in a meditative state or by performing a specific meditation style. Hurst exponent values in both meditation conditions are reduced with respect to the value observed during rest, LZC shows significant differences between OMM, FAM, and REST, with a progressive increase from REST to FAM to OMM.
Discussion: Importantly, we report changes in brain criticality indices during meditation and between meditation styles, in line with a state-like effect of meditation on cognitive performance. In line with previous reports, we suggest that the change in cognitive state experienced in meditation is paralleled by a shift with respect to critical points in brain dynamics.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
D'Andrea, A.
Secondary author(s):
Croce, P., O'Byrne, J., Jerbi, K., Pascarella, A., Raffone, A., Pizzella, V., Marzetti, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
D'Andrea, A., Croce, P., O'Byrne, J., Jerbi, K., Pascarella, A., Raffone, A., Pizzella, V., & Marzetti, L. (2024). Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 18, 1295615. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2024.1295615
2-year Impact Factor: 3.2|2024
Times cited: 5|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Microstate analysis / Brain criticality / Complexity / Mindfulness meditation / Open monitoring meditation / Focused attention meditation / Magnetoencephalography

Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity

Mindfulness meditation styles differently modulate source-level MEG microstate dynamics and complexity
DocumentA mean-field approach to criticality in spiking neural networks for reservoir computing2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
080 - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling
Duration: 2021-10 - 2025-10
Researcher(s):
Laura Marzetti
Institution(s): Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara (Italy)
Abstract/Results: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Marzetti, L.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Meditation / Brain states / Computational modelling / Neuroimaging / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
A mean-field approach to criticality in spiking neural networks for reservoir computing
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18004-y
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) exhibit their optimal information-processing capability at the edge of chaos, but tuning them to this critical regime in reservoir-computing architectures usually relies on costly trial-and-error or plasticity-driven adaptation. This work presents an analytical framework for configuring in the critical regime a SNN-based reservoir with a highly general topology. Specifically, we derive and solve a mean-field equation that governs the evolution of the average membrane potential in leaky integrate-and-fire neurons, and provide an approximation for the critical point. This framework reduces the need for an extensive online fine-tuning, offering a streamlined path to near-optimal network performance from the outset. Through extensive numerical experiments, we validate the theoretical predictions by analyzing the network’s spiking dynamics and quantifying its computational capacity using the information-based Lempel-Ziv-Welch complexity near criticality. Finally, we explore self-organized quasi-criticality by implementing a local homeostatic learning rule for synaptic weights, demonstrating that the network’s dynamics remain close to the theoretical critical point. Beyond AI, our approach and findings also have significant implications for computational neuroscience, providing a principled framework for quantitatively understanding how (neuro)biological networks exploit criticality for efficient information processing. The paper is accompanied by Python code, enabling the reproducibility of the findings.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Freddi, R.
Secondary author(s):
Cicala, F., Marzetti, L., Basti, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Freddi, R., Cicala, F., Marzetti, L., & Basti, A. (2025). A mean-field approach to criticality in spiking neural networks for reservoir computing. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 34709. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-18004-y
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-11-13
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Spiking neural network / Reservoir computing / Criticality / Complexity

A mean-field approach to criticality in spiking neural networks for reservoir computing

A mean-field approach to criticality in spiking neural networks for reservoir computing
DocumentFinal report - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
080 - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling
Duration: 2021-10 - 2025-10
Researcher(s):
Laura Marzetti
Institution(s): Department of Neurosciences, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, Università degli Studi "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti - Pescara (Italy)
Abstract/Results: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Marzetti, L.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Meditation / Brain states / Computational modelling / Neuroimaging / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-080.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling
Publication year: 2025
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Meditation offers a unique window into brain dynamics, enabling investigation of mechanisms underlying altered states of consciousness and neuroplasticity. Previous neuroimaging studies showed that meditation modulates large-scale brain networks in experienced practitioners.
Aims
This project aimed to characterize neural signatures of mindfulness meditation by examining expert practitioners during focused attention (FAM) and open monitoring meditation (OMM) and meditation-naïve individuals after an 8-week mindfulness-based intervention.
Method
Twelve long-term Theravada Buddhist meditators underwent MEG and fMRI during rest, FAM and OMM; twenty healthy adults completed pre/post-intervention EEG and behavioural assessments after Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR). Functional connectivity, spectral power, microstate dynamics and criticality measures (Hurst exponent, Lempel-Ziv complexity) were analysed. Computational models of network synchronization and criticality were developed to bridge theory and data.
Results
FAM and OMM showed distinct connectivity and microstate profiles, with OMM linked to higher neural complexity and broader network engagement. Meditation reduced long-range temporal correlations while increasing Lempel-Ziv complexity, aligning empirical data with criticality theory. MBSR improved processing speed and reduced stress, with EEG showing reorganization of microstate dynamics and decreased temporal autocorrelation.
Conclusions
Meditation modulates brain activity toward flexible, complex yet stabilized states. Microstate and criticality measures emerge as sensitive biomarkers of contemplative expertise and short-term mindfulness training, with implications for cognitive enhancement and clinical applications.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Marzetti, L.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Marzetti, L. (2025). Final report - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling.
Indexed document: Yes
Keywords: Mindfulness meditation / Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Therapy / Non-invasive electrophysiology / Microstates / Complexity

Final report - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling

Final report - Mindfulness meditation state and trait through the eyes of brain computational modelling
DocumentNeurophysiological Markers of (Dis)Connectedness: Insights from Ketamine2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-065
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
065 - Unintended returns of awareness during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Duration: 2023-02
Researcher(s):
Charlotte Martial, Pauline Fritz, Alice Clerget
Institution(s): Coma Science Group, University of Liège (Belgium)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Articles
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Martial, C.
Secondary author(s):
Fritz, P., Clerget, A.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Disconnected consciousness / Connected consciousness / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-065.13
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Neurophysiological Markers of (Dis)Connectedness: Insights from Ketamine
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4603-8_8
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Ketamine is a versatile N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-antagonist used in various clinical settings. Ketamine dose-dependently induces psychoactive effects: at low, anti-hyperalgesic doses, these are minor or not detectable, but at subanesthetic doses, they may include dissociative, psychotomimetic, and psychedelic events. At an anesthetic dose, ketamine leads to a state of “(full) dissociation” or disconnection rather than unconsciousness, setting it apart from other anesthetics. This unique set of characteristics makes ketamine a particularly interesting substance for studying consciousness in clinical settings. Our chapter reviews ketamine’s neurophysiological effects and neuroimaging data, its potential to inform consciousness research, and its relevance in studying brain disorders involving altered states of consciousness. We trace recent advancements in understanding ketamine’s unique brain effects and report investigations that have developed neurophysiological indexes for consciousness without behavioral output (e.g., disconnected consciousness). Specifically, we discuss the most recent tool, the Explainable Consciousness Indicator (ECI), which uses machine learning to assess the presence of awareness and wakefulness. Finally, we look at future investigations that may utilize ketamine as therapeutic approach to neurological conditions, such as disorders of consciousness.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
Eng
Author:
Alnagger, N.
Secondary author(s):
Cardone, P., Montupil, J., Annen, J., Martial, C., Bonhomme, V., Gosseries, O.
Document type:
Book chapter
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Alnagger, N. L. N., Cardone, P., Montupil, J., Annen, J., Martial, C., Bonhomme, V., & Gosseries, O. (2025). Neurophysiological markers of (dis)connectedness: Insights from ketamine. In S. Himmelseher (Ed.), Ketamine (Neuromethods, Vol. 224). Humana. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-4603-8_8
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Ketamine / Neurophysiological markers / Disconnected consciousness / Behavioral responsiveness / Complexity / Machine Learning / Novel approaches to disorders of consciousness