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DocumentScale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-246
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
246 - The hidden rhythm of interpersonal (sub-)movement coordination
Duration: 2021-06 - 2023-06
Researcher(s):
Alice Tomassini, Alessandro D'Ausilio, Julien Laroche
Institution(s): Center for Translational Neurophysiology of Speech and Communication - CTNSC, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Ferrara (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Tomassini, A.
Secondary author(s):
D'Ausilio, A., Laroche, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Social cognition / Neurobehavioral coordination / Hyperscanning / Intermittent motor control / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-246.07
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Scale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1113/JP284273
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
In the absence of disease, humans produce smooth and accurate movement trajectories. Despite such 'macroscopic' aspect, the 'microscopic' structure of movements reveals recurrent (quasi-rhythmic) discontinuities. To date, it is unclear how the sensorimotor system contributes to the macroscopic and microscopic architecture of movement. Here, we investigated how corticospinal excitability changes in relation to microscopic fluctuations that are naturally embedded within larger macroscopic variations in motor output. Participants performed a visuomotor tracking task. In addition to the 0.25 Hz modulation that is required for task fulfilment (macroscopic scale), the motor output shows tiny but systematic fluctuations at ~2 and 8 Hz (microscopic scales). We show that motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) during task performance are consistently modulated at all (time) scales. Surprisingly, MEP modulation covers a similar range at both micro- and macroscopic scales, even though the motor output differs by several orders of magnitude. Thus, corticospinal excitability finely maps the multiscale temporal patterning of the motor output, but it does so according to a principle of scale invariance. These results suggest that corticospinal excitability indexes a relatively abstract level of movement encoding that may reflect the hierarchical organisation of sensorimotor processes. KEY POINTS: Motor behaviour is organised on multiple (time)scales. Small but systematic ('microscopic') fluctuations are engrained in larger and slower ('macroscopic') variations in motor output, which are instrumental in deploying the desired motor plan. Corticospinal excitability is modulated in relation to motor fluctuations on both macroscopic and microscopic (time)scales. Corticospinal excitability obeys a principle of scale invariance, that is, it is modulated similarly at all (time)scales, possibly reflecting hierarchical mechanisms that optimise motor encoding.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Emanuele, M.
Secondary author(s):
D'Ausilio, A., Koch, G., Fadiga, L., Tomassini, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Emanuele, M., D'Ausilio, A., Koch, G., Fadiga, L., & Tomassini, A. (2024). Scale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output. The Journal of Physiology, 602(1), 205–222. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP284273
2-year Impact Factor: 4.4|2024
Times cited: 1|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Corticospinal excitability / Motor control / Physiological tremor / Submovements / Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Scale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output

Scale-invariant changes in corticospinal excitability reflect multiplexed oscillations in the motor output
DocumentFear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.11
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.sipf.it/resources/Documents/CONGRESSO%20NAZIONALE%202022/ABSTRACT%20CO/Betti%20Sonia.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Environmental stimuli may acquire fear-related properties through pairing with an aversive event, but the extent to which threat learning shapes the motor system response remains largely unexplored. In the present study, during Pavlovian threat learning, two different neutral stimuli (i.e., colored dots) acquired threat-related value by predicting an aversive shock to either the left (i.e., conditioned stimulus left, CS+L) or right (CS+R) arm. Another stimulus (i.e., CS-) never predicted shocks. We collected electrodermal activity to characterize changes in psychophysiological arousal between CSs. Additionally, changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) were assessed by acquiring motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the participant’s left primary motor cortex. We found increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) for CS+R and CS+L compared to the CS-, which did not distinguish the laterality of the upcoming shock. Conversely, a lateralized inhibitory effect emerged for corticospinal excitability. Indeed, we found a reduction in MEP amplitude for the CS+R, compared to the CS+L and the CS-. Our results show the motor system’s involvement in threat-related response learning, and highlight the existence of multiple, dissociable learning systems, namely a general non-lateralized autonomic system and a specific lateralized motor one.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Betti, S.
Secondary author(s):
Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Betti, S., Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2022, 15-17 September). Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability [Conference presentation abstract]. Società Italiana di Psicofisiologia e Neuroscienze Cognitive (SIPF), Udine, Italy. https://www.sipf.it/resources/Documents/CONGRESSO%20NAZIONALE%202022/ABSTRACT%20CO/Betti%20Sonia.pdf
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Pavlovian threat learning / Corticospinal excitability / Motor system

Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability

Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability
DocumentTopographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.13
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003301
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Pain-related motor adaptations may be enacted predictively at the mere threat of pain, before pain occurrence. Yet, in humans, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor adaptations in anticipation of pain remain poorly understood. We tracked the evolution of changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) as healthy adults learned to anticipate the occurrence of lateralized, muscle-specific pain to the upper limb. Using a Pavlovian threat conditioning task, different visual stimuli predicted pain to the right or left forearm (experiment 1) or hand (experiment 2). During stimuli presentation before pain occurrence, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex to probe CSE and elicit motor evoked potentials from target right forearm and hand muscles. The correlation between participants' trait anxiety and CSE was also assessed. Results showed that threat of pain triggered corticospinal inhibition specifically in the limb where pain was expected. In addition, corticospinal inhibition was modulated relative to the threatened muscle, with threat of pain to the forearm inhibiting the forearm and hand muscles, whereas threat of pain to the hand inhibited the hand muscle only. Finally, stronger corticospinal inhibition correlated with greater trait anxiety. These results advance the mechanistic understanding of pain processes showing that pain-related motor adaptations are enacted at the mere threat of pain, as sets of anticipatory, topographically organized motor changes that are associated with the expected pain and are shaped by individual anxiety levels. Including such anticipatory motor changes into models of pain may lead to new treatments for pain-related disorders.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Betti, S.
Secondary author(s):
Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Betti, S., Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2024). Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain. Pain, 165(12), 2851–2862. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003301
2-year Impact Factor: 5.5|2024
Times cited: 3|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Pavlovian conditioning / Fear conditioning / Threat learning / Pain anticipation / Corticospinal excitability / TMS / MEP / Skin conductance / Electrodermal activity / Noxious stimuli / Nociception / Fear of pain

Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain

Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain
DocumentEarly changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
033 - The influence of emotions on actions: Boosting brain network plasticity to ameliorate action control
Duration: 2023-10 - 2025-05
Researcher(s):
Sara Borgomaneri, Vincenzo Romei
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress Report
Final Report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Romei, V.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Action control / Emotions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation / Unconscious perception / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033.15
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Fearful body expressions convey critical information that is rapidly and preferentially processed, facilitating swift motor reactions to potential dangers. Consistent evidence has shown that even the subliminal presentation of fear-related expressions can impact visual processing and autonomic responses, increasing sensory vigilance for monitoring potential threats. However, it remains unclear whether the presentation of non-visible emotional bodies modulates corticospinal excitability (CSE) in the observer. To investigate this, we asked 22 healthy participants to perform a sex discrimination task involving neutral target body postures, preceded by the brief subliminal presentation of fearful, happy, or neutral body postures. CSE was tested using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) at early time points (70, 90, and 110 ms) after target stimulus onset. Results showed a significant CSE reduction in the dominant hemisphere for subliminal fearful primes compared to happy and neutral primes. This CSE suppression was independent of the time of stimulation, participants’ subjective or objective awareness, metacognitive sensitivity, or personality traits. Our findings highlight an early automatic activation of the motor system in response to subliminal fearful stimuli, supporting the view that fearful expressions, even when not consciously perceived, activate basic survival mechanisms for monitoring and preparing fast motor responses to potential threats.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., Avenanti, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Borgomaneri, S., Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., & Avenanti, A. (2025). Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures. Scientific Reports, 15, 29088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Subliminal perception / Fearful body expressions / Corticospinal excitability / Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
DocumentEarly changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-235
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
235 - SPARKS: Driving associative plasticity in the cortically blind brain to promote recovery of visual awareness
Duration: 2023-10
Researcher(s):
Simone Battaglia, Matteo Diano, Marco Tamietto
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Turin (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Article
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Battaglia, S.
Secondary author(s):
Diano, M., Tamietto, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Visual perception / Neuroimaging / Visual perception / Blindsight / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-235.08
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Fearful body expressions convey critical information that is rapidly and preferentially processed, facilitating swift motor reactions to potential dangers. Consistent evidence has shown that even the subliminal presentation of fear-related expressions can impact visual processing and autonomic responses, increasing sensory vigilance for monitoring potential threats. However, it remains unclear whether the presentation of non-visible emotional bodies modulates corticospinal excitability (CSE) in the observer. To investigate this, we asked 22 healthy participants to perform a sex discrimination task involving neutral target body postures, preceded by the brief subliminal presentation of fearful, happy, or neutral body postures. CSE was tested using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) at early time points (70, 90, and 110 ms) after target stimulus onset. Results showed a significant CSE reduction in the dominant hemisphere for subliminal fearful primes compared to happy and neutral primes. This CSE suppression was independent of the time of stimulation, participants’ subjective or objective awareness, metacognitive sensitivity, or personality traits. Our findings highlight an early automatic activation of the motor system in response to subliminal fearful stimuli, supporting the view that fearful expressions, even when not consciously perceived, activate basic survival mechanisms for monitoring and preparing fast motor responses to potential threats.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., Avenanti, A.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Borgomaneri, S., Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., & Avenanti, A. (2025). Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures. Scientific Reports, 15, 29088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Subliminal perception / Fearful body expressions / Corticospinal excitability / Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
DocumentEarly changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-304
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
304 - Boosting and hindering action imitation by modulating spike-timing dependent plasticity
Duration: 2023-10 - 2025-11
Researcher(s):
Alessio Avenanti, Chiara Spaccasassi, Sonia Turrini, Antonio Cataneo
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Avenanti, A.
Secondary author(s):
Spaccasassi, C., Turrini, S., Cataneo, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-304.16
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Fearful body expressions convey critical information that is rapidly and preferentially processed, facilitating swift motor reactions to potential dangers. Consistent evidence has shown that even the subliminal presentation of fear-related expressions can impact visual processing and autonomic responses, increasing sensory vigilance for monitoring potential threats. However, it remains unclear whether the presentation of non-visible emotional bodies modulates corticospinal excitability (CSE) in the observer. To investigate this, we asked 22 healthy participants to perform a sex discrimination task involving neutral target body postures, preceded by the brief subliminal presentation of fearful, happy, or neutral body postures. CSE was tested using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) at early time points (70, 90, and 110 ms) after target stimulus onset. Results showed a significant CSE reduction in the dominant hemisphere for subliminal fearful primes compared to happy and neutral primes. This CSE suppression was independent of the time of stimulation, participants’ subjective or objective awareness, metacognitive sensitivity, or personality traits. Our findings highlight an early automatic activation of the motor system in response to subliminal fearful stimuli, supporting the view that fearful expressions, even when not consciously perceived, activate basic survival mechanisms for monitoring and preparing fast motor responses to potential threats.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., Avenanti, A.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Borgomaneri, S., Quettier, T., Ambrosecchia, M., Battaglia, S., Tamietto, M., & Avenanti, A. (2025). Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures. Scientific Reports, 15, 29088. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-13185-y
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Subliminal perception / Fearful body expressions / Corticospinal excitability / Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures

Early changes in corticospinal excitability for subliminally presented fearful body postures
DocumentLearning the time of pain in the human motor system2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.15
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Learning the time of pain in the human motor system
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003730
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Although traditionally conceptualized as a sensory phenomenon, pain could also be framed as a motor issue. Yet, the role of the motor system in pain prediction remains poorly understood. Here, we test whether the human motor system can learn to predict the time of pain. In 2 experiments, distinct groups of participants learned that different visual cues predicted pain occurrence either shortly or long after cue onset. Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was administered over the primary motor cortex to probe corticospinal excitability at 3 critical timepoints during cues presentation, namely long before, immediately before, and long after the time of pain. Bayesian informative hypothesis testing supported, for both experiments, the hypothesis that the motor system learns pain timing through sustained motor inhibition during pain anticipation. Specifically, independently of actual pain occurrence, corticospinal excitability decreased from cue onset, long before the time of pain, until the time of pain, and recovered once this had passed. In addition, stronger corticospinal inhibition long before the time of pain correlated with greater subjective temporal anticipation of pain occurrence, suggesting a role for the motor system in transforming physical time into subjective time. Sustained motor inhibition during pain anticipation may be adaptive for the preparation of prompt defensive behaviors. However, exaggerated motor inhibition may become maladaptive creating an anticipated sense of a pain that may never occur. In clinical settings, enhanced motor inhibition may interfere with therapeutic interventions aimed at restoring motor function and pain resolution.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dalbagno, D.
Secondary author(s):
Betti, S., Garofalo, S., Mannari, V., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Dalbagno, D., Betti, S., Garofalo, S., Mannari, V., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2025). Learning the time of pain in the human motor system. PAIN, 166(12), e715–e731. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003730
2-year Impact Factor: 5.5|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-12-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Pain anticipation / Corticospinal excitability / Event timing / Motor cortex / Pavlovian conditioning / Transcranial magnetic stimulation

Learning the time of pain in the human motor system

Learning the time of pain in the human motor system