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Document

Behavioral inhibition system sensitivity enhances motor cortex suppression when watching fearful body expressions

2017

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2016 Grants
    - 298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
      - Behavioral inhibition system sensitivity enhances motor cortex suppression when watching fearful body expressions

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2016 Grants
Start date:	2017-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	298 - Empowering feedback connections in temporo-occipital network to boost visual perception of emotions
Duration:	2017-09 - 2019-10
Researcher(s):	Sara Borgomaneri, Marco Zanon, Alessio Avenanti, Caterina Bertini
Institution(s):	Center for studies and research in Cognitive Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna, Cesena (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final Report Articles
Author:	Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):	Zanon, M., Avenanti, A., Bertini, C.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Emotion perception / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Cortical plasticity / Feedback connections / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2016-298.02
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Behavioral inhibition system sensitivity enhances motor cortex suppression when watching fearful body expressions
Publication year:	2017
URL:	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs00429-017-1403-5
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Influential theories suggest that a defensive behavioral inhibition system (BIS) supports the inhibition of action tendencies when facing potential threats. However, little is known about threat-related inhibitory mechanisms in humans and their relations to inter-individual differences in BIS sensitivity. To address this issue, we used paired-pulse TMS to investigate early human motor cortex (M1) responses to social signals of potential threats, like another’s fearful body posture. In two experiments, participants observed pictures of fearful and happy postures, and neutral postures that were either dynamic (in Exp1) or static (in Exp2). To test suppression of M1 excitatory activity, we assessed intracortical facilitation (ICF) in an early phase of threat monitoring by administering TMS pulses at 100–125 ms from picture onset. We investigated the motor representation of hand and arm muscles that are differentially involved in flexion, extension, and abduction. As a control, we also assessed corticospinal excitability and short intracortical inhibition. In both experiments, and independently of the muscle, watching fearful bodies suppressed ICF relative to watching happy and non-emotional (dynamic or static) body expressions. Remarkably, greater fear-related ICF suppression was found in participants who scored higher on a self-report questionnaire assessing BIS sensitivity. These findings suggest that observing fearful body language activates a defensive suppression of M1 excitatory activity that is influenced by the personality disposition to experience fear and anxiety when facing potential threats. This BIS-related motor suppression may have the functional role of transiently suppressing action tendencies to promote threat monitoring and, ultimately, survival.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):	Vitale, F., Avenanti, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Borgomaneri, S., Vitale, F., & Avenanti, A. (2017). Behavioral inhibition system sensitivity enhances motor cortex suppression when watching fearful body expressions. Brain Structure and Function, 222(7), 3267-3282. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-017-1403-5
2-year Impact Factor:	4.231\|2017
Times cited:	43\|2025-09-16
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Fear perception / Emotional body / Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) / Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) / Intracortical facilitation (ICF) / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS)

Document

Early motor reactivity to observed human body postures is affected by body expression, not gender

2020

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2018 Grants
    - 347 - Driving synaptic plasticity in motor-to-visual neural pathways to enhance action prediction
      - Early motor reactivity to observed human body postures is affected by body expression, not gender

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2018
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	2018 Grants
Start date:	2019-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2018-347
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	347 - Driving synaptic plasticity in motor-to-visual neural pathways to enhance action prediction
Duration:	2019-10 - 2023-06
Researcher(s):	Alessio Avenanti, Marco Zanon
Institution(s):	Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna (Italy)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Research Funding Agreement Progress report Final report Articles
Language:	eng
Author:	Avenanti, A.
Secondary author(s):	Zanon, M.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Action observation / Prediction / Plasticity / Connectivity / Psychophysiology

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2018-347.04
Location:	BF-GMS
Title:	Early motor reactivity to observed human body postures is affected by body expression, not gender
Publication year:	2020
URL:	https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0028393220302141
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The early response to emotional stimuli involves a transient suppression of motor reactivity to favor monitoring of emotionally relevant information. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), we have previously shown that viewing emotional body postures induces an early and transient reduction in motor excitability. Yet, it remains unclear whether early motor responses to emotional bodies are automatic or influenced by top-down factors such as task- or gender-related effects. To address these issue, we administered TMS over the right motor cortex (M1) during observation of still pictures of fearful expressions, happy expressions, neutral movements and neutral static body postures, and recorded motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) at an early phase of processing (i.e., at 100–125?ms from stimulus onset). To test gender-related effects, we presented male and female models to male and female participants. To test task-related effects, we asked participants to categorize the different body postures into either four (4AFC: fearful, happy, neutral movements, or static postures) or two distinct categories (2AFC: emotional or neutral postures). Results showed a reduction of MEPs for fearful and happy body postures relative to neutral movements and static postures. This motor suppression was not influenced by the gender of the actor, the gender of the observer, or the task performed. These findings indicate that early motor responses to observed human body postures are affected by the type of expression displayed by the observed model more than by task- or gender-related effects, suggesting these responses may be relatively automatic.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):	Vitale, F., Avenanti, A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Borgomaneri, S., Vitale, F., & Avenanti, A. (2020). Early motor reactivity to observed human body postures is affected by body expression, not gender. Neuropsychologia, 146, 107541. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107541
2-year Impact Factor:	3.139\|2020
Times cited:	19\|2025-09-18
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Emotional body / Transcranial magnetic stimulation / Motor-evoked potentials / Gender / Orienting motor response