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BIAL Foundation
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DE:"Ethics"
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Type Title Begin End
DocumentApplying insights from magic to improve deception in research: The Swiss cheese model2021

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-102
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
102 - Using suggestion to influence attitudes and behaviour
Duration: 2018-01 - 2020-01
Researcher(s):
Jeremy Olson, Thomas Strandberg, Amir Raz, Petter Johansson
Institution(s): Raz Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, McGill University & Montreal Neurological Institute (Canada); Choice Blindness Laboratory, Lund University Cognitive Science (Sweden)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Olson, J. A.
Secondary author(s):
Strandberg, T., Raz, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Suggestion / Hypnosis / Magic / Deception / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-102.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Applying insights from magic to improve deception in research: The Swiss cheese model
Publication year: 2021
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0022103120303930?dgcid=rss_sd_all
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Social psychologists, placebo scientists, and consumer researchers often require deception in their studies, yet they receive little training on how to deceive effectively. Ineffective deception, however, can lead to suspicion and compromise the validity of research. The field of magic offers a potential solution; magicians have deceived audiences for millennia using a variety of robust techniques. As former professional magicians, we propose the Swiss cheese model of deception and argue that deception should be subtle yet elaborate. Subtle deception involves techniques such as fake mistakes, planted assumptions, and convincers. Elaborate deception involves layering many of these techniques rather than relying on a single cover story. We have demonstrated the potency of these principles by making participants believe implausible ideas, such as that a machine is controlling their mind or that the placebo they consumed was a psychedelic drug. These principles can help researchers reduce demand characteristics, improve blinding, and increase the generalisability of studies that require deception.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Olson, J. A.
Secondary author(s):
Raz, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Percentiles:
75.02|1.21
Reference:
Olson, J. A., & Raz, A. (2021). Applying insights from magic to improve deception in research: The Swiss cheese model. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 92: 104053. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2020.104053
2-year Impact Factor: 3.532|2021
Times cited: 18|2026-02-13
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Deception / Suspicion / Magic / Placebo / Blinding / Ethics
DocumentInternational survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: NDE
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/Outros Apoios
Title:
Characterization of “Near-Death Experiences” through the comparison of experiencers and non-experiencers’ particularities: inter-individual differences in cognitive characteristics and susceptibility to false memories
Duration: 2016-03 - 2019-03
Researcher(s):
Steven Laureys, Charlotte Martial, Héléna Cassol
Institution(s): Coma Science Group, University of Liège (Belgium)
Contents: Application
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Laureys, S.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Near-death experience / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Reference code: NDE-125
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00415-023-11956-z
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic procedures for patients with prolonged disorders of consciousness (pDoCs) vary significantly across countries and clinical settings, likely due to organizational factors (e.g., research vs. non-academic hospitals), expertise and availability of resources (e.g., financial and human). Two international guidelines, one from the European Academy of Neurology (EAN) and one from the American Academy of Neurology (AAN) in collaboration with the American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine (ACRM) and the National Institute on Disability, Independent Living, and Rehabilitation Research (NIDILRR), were developed to facilitate consistent practice among professionals working with this challenging patient population. While the recommendations of both guidelines agree in principle, it remains an open issue how to implement them into clinical practice in the care pathway for patients with pDoCs. We conducted an online survey to explore health professional clinical practices related to the management of patients with pDoCs, and compare said practices with selected recommendations from both the guidelines. The survey revealed that while some recommendations are being followed, others are not and/or may require more honing/specificity to enhance their clinical utility. Particular attention should be given to the implementation of a multimodal assessment of residual consciousness, to the detection and treatment of pain, and to the impact of restrictions imposed by COVID-19 pandemics on the involvement of patients' families/representatives.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Farisco, M.
Secondary author(s):
Formisano, R., Gosseries, O., Kato, Y., Koboyashi, S., Laureys, S., Lejeune, N., Martial, C., Matar, A., Morrisey, A. M., Schnakers, C., Yakufujiang, M., Yamaki, T., Veeramuthu, V., Zandalasini, M., Zasler, N., Magliacano, A., Estraneo, A., IBIA Special Interest Group on DoCs
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Percentiles:
89.07|2.11
Reference:
Farisco, M., Formisano, R., Gosseries, O., Kato, Y., Koboyashi, S., Laureys, S., Lejeune, N., Martial, C., Matar, A., Morrisey, A. M., Schnakers, C., Yakufujiang, M., Yamaki, T., Veeramuthu, V., Zandalasini, M., Zasler, N., Magliacano, A., Estraneo, A., & IBIA Special Interest Group on DoCs (2024). International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness. Journal of Neurology, 271(1), 395–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-023-11956-z
2-year Impact Factor: 4.6|2024
Times cited: 15|2026-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Coma / Disorders of consciousness / Vegetative states / Unresponsive wakefulness syndrome / Minimally conscious state / Cognitive-motor dissociation / Neuroethics / Bioethics / Ethics / Clinical guidelines

International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness

International survey on the implementation of the European and American guidelines on disorders of consciousness
DocumentNeurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-081
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
081 - The neurophenomenology of volition: Revisiting the Libet task with first person methods
Duration: 2019-12 - 2024-07
Researcher(s):
Yeshe Leyens, Stefan Schmidt, Marc Wittmann, Han-Gue Jo
Institution(s): Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Leyens, Y.
Secondary author(s):
Schmidt, S., Wittmann, M., Jo, H. -G.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Meditation / Neurophenomenology / Introspection / Slow cortical potentials / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-081.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02368-9
Abstract/Results: Abstract:
In this conceptual contribution, we argue that experimental investigations of phenomena in the cognitive sciences and consciousness research may benefit from a thorough integration of data acquired from the first-person perspective. We present a line of research from our lab applying this approach to the Libet task on voluntary action. In this well-known experimental paradigm, participants perform a movement at a moment of their own choice. Previous research has shown that this voluntary decision to perform the action is preceded by a specific pattern in the electroencephalogram, the so-called readiness potential. This finding that the decision is preceded (and presumably determined) by an action-related brain processes puts the neuroscientific account at odds with our subjective intuition and challenges the notion of free will. This discrepancy exemplifies the gap between neuro-cognitive models of the mind and the accounts of our conscious experience. The aim of our theoretical proposal is to enrich the study of volitional action by integrating reports from the first-person perspective with the Libet paradigm to develop a more coherent account. This provides an example of implementing the research program of neurophenomenology developed by Francisco Varela to overcome the gap between scientific accounts of the mind and subjective experience. Specifically, we show how this can be achieved by interweaving three methodological approaches: (i) adapting common neuro-cognitive paradigms (i.e., the Libet task); (ii) employing refined first-person methods such as the micro-phenomenological interview; and (iii) collaborating with experienced meditators as research participants. Our contribution demonstrates how the neurophenomenological framework can be used to shed new light on long-standing and fundamental debates in consciousness research. We show that this approach not only addresses questions of intellectual curiosity but also has concrete ethical implications for the practice of science itself, self-determination, and the accountability of the conscious subject. On the basis of our approach, meditation can be seen as a method for enhancing self-regulation and self-determination, which allows for more deliberate decisions and thus more ethical behavior.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schmidt, S.
Secondary author(s):
Bauer, P. R., Trautwein, F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Percentiles:
0.00|0.00
Reference:
Schmidt, S., Bauer, P. R., & Trautwein, F. (2024). Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment. Mindfulness, 15, 2048–2061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02368-9
2-year Impact Factor: 3.5|2024
Times cited: 0|2026-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Neurophenomenology / Free will / Libet task / Ethics / Mirco-phenomenology / Volition / EEG / Slow cortical potentials

Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment

Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment