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DocumentFinal report - Synchronicity and Psi: A Controlled Comparison2014

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-270
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
270 - Synchronicity and Psi: A Controlled Comparison
Duration: 2013-03 - 2014-09
Researcher(s):
John Palmer, Nick Edington
Institution(s): Rhine Research Center, Durham (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Palmer, J.
Secondary author(s):
Edington, N.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Intuition / Anomalous cognition/experiences

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-270.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
Final report - Synchronicity and Psi: A Controlled Comparison
Publication year: 2014
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa27012_18112014.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Background
In 2 studies Stanford found a significant interaction: low-suggestible participants (Ps) scored higher on a dice-throwing augury than a standard ESP task and vice versa. Storm found suggestive psi hitting across 6 studies in a psi task modeled on the I Ching.
Aim
To compare scores on an ESP task and a similar synchronicity (SYN) task.
Method
60 volunteers completed 40-trial ESP and SYN tasks presented in counterbalanced order. For each trial, 1 of 4 rectangles was randomly assigned as the target. For SYN, Ps chose which of 4 I Ching-like messages was most personally meaningful and then rated all 4 on this dimension. For ESP, the messages were invisible and Ps were told to use ESP to select the target.
Results
Scores on both tasks were nonsignificant and did not differ significantly from each other. In both tasks, the higher the initial confidence and the greater the decline in confidence during the session the lower the paranormality score. Among Ps who did the SYN task first, there was a negative correlation between the average meaningfulness rating of all 4 messages and SYN scores, offset by a positive correlation between these ratings and ESP scores. Meaningfulness ratings correlated positively with posttest confidence in both tasks. There was a significant positive correlation between SYN hits and average difference between hit and miss trials in how long participants waited for the "right time" to access the target message on the SYN task. Ps with a strongly internal locus of control (LOC) on Levenson's LOC scale scored higher on the ESP task than other Ps.
Conclusion
The above significant results, some of which reflect P task frustration, must be considered tentative pending replication.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Palmer, J.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Synchronicity / ESP / Locus of control / Expectation / Meaningfulness
DocumentFinal report - The Body beyond the body2014

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-041
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
041 - The Body beyond the body
Duration: 2013-03 - 2015-01
Researcher(s):
Marcello Costantini, Francesca Ferri
Institution(s): Department of Neuroscience and Imaging, University "G. d'Annunzio", Chieti (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Costantini, M.
Secondary author(s):
Ferri, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Body structure and function / Somatosensory system / Self / Body awareness / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-041.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
Final report - The Body beyond the body
Publication year: 2014
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant4112.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
More than 100 papers have been published on the rubber hand illusion since its discovery 14 years ago. The illusion has been proposed as a demonstration that the body is distinguished from other objects by its participation in specific forms of intermodal perceptual correlation. Here, we radically challenge this view by claiming that actual perceptual correlation is not necessary to produce the experience of this body as mine, as expectations about what could be my body are sufficient.
AIM OF THE STUDY
The aim of this project was to empirically provide support to the idea that peripersonal space (PPS) is not a region surrounding the body that acts as an interface between the body and the environment; rather it is actually a part of our body. To this aim we proposed to test whether it is possible to induce a sense of body ownership over a rubber hand when tactile stimuli were neither delivered over a seen rubber hand nor over the hidden participants’ hand.
METHOD
Participants were submitted to an experimental set-up similar to that employed during the standard Rubber Hand Illusion (RHI). In our case, however, instead of receiving congruent visuo-tactile stimulation, participants observe an object merely entering their own PPS and approaching the rubber hand.
RESULTS
The Project was successful in demonstrating that participants did experience a full-blown illusion. At the neural level we demonstrated that the parietal lobe, a cortical region encoding PPS, is activated by the sight of an object entering participants’ PPS.
CONCLUSION
Our results suggest that expectations about forthcoming sensory events are sufficient to induce a sense of body ownership.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Costantini, M.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Body ownership / Rubber hand illusion / Expectation / Bodily self

Final report - The Body beyond the body

Final report - The Body beyond the body
DocumentInvestigating expectation effects using multiple physiological measures2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-063
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2012
Title:
063 - Forefeeling guilty knowledge - An innovative approach in presentiment research
Duration: 2013-03 - 2016-02
Researcher(s):
Wolfgang Ambach, Alexander Siller
Institution(s): Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health (IGPP), Freiburg (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Biennal report 2010-2011 (Institute for Frontier Areas of Psychology and Mental Health)
Progress reports
Final report
2 Articles (published and submitted)
Language: eng
Author:
Ambach, W.
Secondary author(s):
Siller, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Presentiment / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-063.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2012
Title:
Investigating expectation effects using multiple physiological measures
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01553/abstract
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The study aimed at experimentally investigating whether the human body can anticipate future events under improved methodological conditions. Previous studies have reported contradictory results for the phenomenon typically called presentiment. If the positive findings are accurate, they call into doubt our views about human perception, and if they are inaccurate, a plausible conventional explanation might be based on the experimental design of the previous studies, in which expectation due to item sequences was misinterpreted as presentiment. To address these points, we opted to collect several physiological variables, to test different randomization types and to manipulate subjective significance individually. For the latter, we combined a mock crime scenario, in which participants had to steal specific items, with a concealed information test (CIT), in which the participants had to conceal their knowledge when interrogated about items they had stolen or not stolen. We measured electrodermal activity, respiration, finger pulse, heart rate (HR), and reaction times. The participants (n = 154) were assigned randomly to four different groups. Items presented in the CIT were either drawn with replacement (full) or without replacement (pseudo) and were either presented category-wise (cat) or regardless of categories (nocat). To understand how these item sequences influence expectation and modulate physiological reactions, we compared the groups with respect to effect sizes for stolen vs. not stolen items. Group pseudo_cat yielded the highest effect sizes, and pseudo_nocat yielded the lowest. We could not find any evidence of presentiment but did find evidence of physiological correlates of expectation. Due to the design differing fundamentally from previous studies, these findings do not allow for conclusions on the question whether the expectation bias is being confounded with presentiment.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Siller, A.
Secondary author(s):
Ambach, W. , Vaitl, D.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Siller, A., Ambach, W., & Vaitl, D. (2015). Investigating expectation effects using multiple physiological measures. Frontiers in Psychology, 6:1553. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01553
2-year Impact Factor: 2.463|2015
Times cited: 7|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Psychophysiology / Expectation / Presentiment / Consciousness / Lie detection

Investigating expectation effects using multiple physiological measure

Investigating expectation effects using multiple physiological measure
DocumentThe effects of test expectancy and sleep on memory consolidation2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-083
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 20/2012
Title:
083 - The impact of future relevance on dream content and sleep-dependent memory processing
Duration: 2013-05 - 2016-11
Researcher(s):
Erin J. Wamsley, Robert Stickgold, Nam Nguyen
Institution(s): Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
2 Bachelor dissertations
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Wamsley, E.
Secondary author(s):
Stickgold, R., Nguyen, N.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Sleep and dreams / Cognitive processes / Memory

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-083.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 20/2012
Title:
The effects of test expectancy and sleep on memory consolidation
Publication year: 2016
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
How are memories affected after learning? Previous research proposes sleep benefits memory consolidation. However, recent research suggests sleep selectively benefits only memories important for the future, such as being tested on learned information. In the present study, we examined how sleep and the expectation of being tested affect performance on two different memory tasks: a Virtual Maze Task (spatial) and a Motor Sequence Typing Task (procedural). Ninety-six college-aged students were randomly assigned to either sleep overnight in the lab or stay awake during the day. In addition, they were either told they would be tested later or alternatively, not given any information on future testing. We hypothesized that test expectancy would only benefit memory consolidation in participants who slept and not participants who stayed awake. Our results contradicted previous findings, failing to support the idea that sleep is a selective process benefitting memory consolidation. We found that test expectancy positively affected memory performance in both tasks across both wake and sleep.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Manceor, S.
Document type:
Bachelor dissertation
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Manceor, S. (2016). The effects of test expectancy and sleep on memory consolidation. Unpublished bachelor thesis. Furman University.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Memory / Sleep / Expectation / Future relevance / Virtual Maze Task / Motor Sequence Typing Task
DocumentPsi and synchronicity: A controlled comparison2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-270
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
270 - Synchronicity and Psi: A Controlled Comparison
Duration: 2013-03 - 2014-09
Researcher(s):
John Palmer, Nick Edington
Institution(s): Rhine Research Center, Durham (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Palmer, J.
Secondary author(s):
Edington, N.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Intuition / Anomalous cognition/experiences

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-270.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 2/2012
Title:
Psi and synchronicity: A controlled comparison
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://eds.a.ebscohost.com/eds/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=0&sid=42462e3d-3b88-4116-a3f1-28cbaa537cf0%40sessionmgr4008
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The aims of the study were to compare scores on structurally similar tests designed to measure psi (ESP) and synchronicity respectively and provisionally determine whether a significant result on the synchronicity task is best explained by psi (an ability) or synchronicity (a principle of nature), inferred by whether the test scores correlate with a measure of an ability. Sixty volunteers completed in counterbalanced order two similar 40-trial forcedchoice tasks introduced in the instructions respectively as tests of synchronicity and psi as defined above. One of four rectangles was randomly assigned as the target for each trial. In the synchronicity task, participants were asked to choose which of four messages inside the rectangles was most personally meaningful. In the ESP task, participants were asked to use ESP to select the target rectangle. Mean scores on both tasks were nonsignificantly below chance. Participants scoring high in the internal direction on Levenson's Multidimensional Locus of Control Scales had significantly higher ESP scores than other participants, a mirror image of the expected superior performance of externally oriented participants on the synchronicity task. A pattern of significant bivariate correlations among ESP and synchronicity scores, expectation of a high score, perceived meaningfulness of all the messages, reaction times to message presentation, and previous synchronicity experiences was interpreted as the creation of negative affect associated with low expectation of success, frustration, and impatience in response to the test procedures leading to below chance scoring by some participants. All significant results should be considered tentative pending replication.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Palmer, J.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Palmer, J. (2016). Psi and synchronicity: A controlled comparison. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 80(4), 193-213.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Synchronicity / ESP / Locus of control / Expectation / Meaningfulness
DocumentCan musical training change the perception of dissonance? A study about broken harmonic expectations2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-013
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
013 - Biological bases of music cognition
Duration: 2019-03 - 2021-10
Researcher(s):
Juan Manuel Toro, Paola Crespo-Bojorque, Alexandre Celma-Miralles, Carlota Pagés
Institution(s): Center for Brain and Cogntion, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (Spain)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Toro, J. M.
Secondary author(s):
Crespo-Bojorque, P., Celma-Miralles, A., Pagés, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Harmony / ERPs / Frequency-tagging / Comparative cognition / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-013.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Can musical training change the perception of dissonance? A study about broken harmonic expectations
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://wp.nyu.edu/smpc2019/abstracts/#E2-2
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
In the present study we explore how musical training shapes the brain responses to different degrees of violation of harmonic expectancies. In Western tonal music, the patterns of tension/release are essential for its composition. Musical tension leads to an expectation of resolution that can be broken in many ways. Previous research showed that tonal-syntactic violations are usually perceived as erroneous and elicit specific neural responses such as the early right-anterior negativity (ERAN). However, little is known about the relationship between musical unexpectedness, sensory dissonance and the effect of musical training. The main aim of the present study is to determine whether different degrees of musical violations are processed differently after long-term musical training in comparison to day-to-day exposure. To this end, we registered the ERPs of musicians and non-musicians while they passively listened to chord progressions with irregular endings that included mild (Naepolitan chords) and strong violations (dissonant clusters). We found that, irrespective of training, all violations elicited the ERAN. However, the ERAN for dissonant endings was larger in musicians than in non-musicians. More importantly, our results showed an early sensitivity to the degree of violation only in musically-trained participants. Musicians showed a larger ERAN for strong than for mild violations. This suggests that, after long-term musical training, the degree of dissonance of a musical ending can determine the degree of fitting with the context. Musicians might process dissonant irregularities as less expected than tonal-syntactic irregularities, thus triggering a larger ERAN. We also observed that violations elicited a P3 in musicians, suggesting that they might be salient enough to attract musicians’ attention. We propose that musical training modulates the sensitivity to different degrees of violation of the harmonic context.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pagès-Portabella, C.
Secondary author(s):
Toro, J. M.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pagès-Portabella, C., & Toro, J. M. (August, 2019). Can musical training change the perception of dissonance? A study about broken harmonic expectations. Paper presented at the 2019 Biennial Meeting of the Society for Music Perception and Cognition, New York City, USA. Abstract retrieved from https://wp.nyu.edu/smpc2019/abstracts/#E2-2
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Harmony and tonality / Expectation / Musical expertise / Neuroscientific approach
DocumentEfects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-129
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
129 - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence
Duration: 2021-08 - 2024-07
Researcher(s):
Marie Smith, Ines Mares, Louise Ewing, Fraser Smith
Institution(s): Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Smith, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mares, I., Ewing, L., Smith, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Predictive coding / Expertise / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Multivariate pattern analysis / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-129.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Efects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59284-0
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Perceptual decisions are derived from the combination of priors and sensorial input. While priors are broadly understood to refect experience/expertise developed over one’s lifetime, the role of perceptual expertise at the individual level has seldom been directly explored. Here, we manipulate probabilistic information associated with a high and low expertise category (faces and cars
respectively), while assessing individual level of expertise with each category. 67 participants learned the probabilistic association between a color cue and each target category (face/car) in a behavioural categorization task. Neural activity (EEG) was then recorded in a similar paradigm in the same participants featuring the previously learned contingencies without the explicit task. Behaviourally, perception of the higher expertise category (faces) was modulated by expectation. Specifcally, we observed facilitatory and interference efects when targets were correctly or incorrectly expected, which were also associated with independently measured individual levels of face expertise. Multivariate pattern analysis of the EEG signal revealed clear efects of expectation from 100 ms post stimulus, with signifcant decoding of the neural response to expected vs. not stimuli, when viewing identical images. Latency of peak decoding when participants saw faces was directly associated with individual level facilitation efects in the behavioural task. The current results not only provide time sensitive evidence of expectation efects on early perception but highlight the role of higher-level expertise on forming priors.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Mares, I.
Secondary author(s):
Smith, F. W, Goddard, E. J., Keighery, L., Pappasava, M., Ewing, L., Smith, M. L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Mares, I., Smith, F. W., Goddard, E. J., Keighery, L., Pappasava, M., Ewing, L., & Smith, M. L. (2024). Effects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 9402. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-59284-0
2-year Impact Factor: 3.8|2023
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 2|2025-02-19
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Expectation / Prediction / Expertise / Face processing / EEG / MVPA

Efects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise

Efects of expectation on face perception and its association with expertise
DocumentFinal report - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and
behavioural evidence		2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-129
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
129 - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence
Duration: 2021-08 - 2024-07
Researcher(s):
Marie Smith, Ines Mares, Louise Ewing, Fraser Smith
Institution(s): Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Smith, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mares, I., Ewing, L., Smith, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Predictive coding / Expertise / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Multivariate pattern analysis / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-129.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence
Publication year: 2024
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Perception is derived from the combination of priors and sensorial input. While priors are broadly understood to reflect experience developed over one’s lifetime, the role of perceptual expertise at the individual level has seldom been directly tested.
Aims
We explored the extent to which predictive processing differs as a function of expertise across different domains, namely categorization, individuation (i.e. identity processing), and low-level processing (perceiving a face across different viewpoints). This was done at the individual level by taking advantage of varying individual expertise with faces.
Method
Metrics associated with Expectations were analysed in reaction time data (behavioural tasks) and EEG recordings (neural tasks). Participants also completed independent measures of face and object expertise (CFMT+, CCMT).
Results
Work package 1 reveals that early perception is shaped by face expectation, with decoding of expectation over posterior areas, occurring from 100ms. This decoding of objects of expertise (faces) had a direct link with behavioral facilitation effects of face expectation associated with face expertise. In work package 2, we show that effects of expectation go beyond simple categorization, into higher level processing, namely, identity processing, finding a significant relationship between face identity expectation and individual face expertise.
Conclusions
We highlight the role of expertise on forming priors, providing support for the often-disregarded contribution of individual level variability. Future work will build on these findings to probe the role of expertise within the predictive coding framework in individuals displaying typical and atypical use of predictive cues.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Smith, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mares, I., Ewing, L., Smith, F.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Smith, M., Mares, I., Ewing, L., & Smith, F. (2024). Final report - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Predictive coding / Expectation / Face processing / EEG / Decoding

Final report - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence

Final report - Investigating the role of expertise in the predictive coding framework combining time resolved neural and behavioural evidence