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DocumentDeveloping a model for measuring fear of pain in Norwegian samples: The Fear of Pain Questionnaire Norway2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2010
Title:
186 - Brain mechanisms of placebo analgesia
Duration: 2011-03 - 2014-01
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Per M. Aslaksen, Torgil R. Vangberg, Odd Petter Eldevik, Jan Bergdahl, Sara Vambheim, Just C. Thoner
Institution(s): University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form + 12 articles (previous project team publications)
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Aslaksen, P., Vangberg, T., Eldevik, O., Bergdahl, J., Vambheim, S., Thoner, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186.21
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 10/2010
Title:
Developing a model for measuring fear of pain in Norwegian samples: The Fear of Pain Questionnaire Norway
Publication year: 2017
URL:
http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S1877-8860(17)30224-0
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Fear of pain is highly correlated with pain report and physiological measures of arousal when pain is inflicted. The Fear of Pain Questionnaire III (FPQ-III) and The Fear of Pain Questionnaire Short Form (FPQ-SF) are self-report inventories developed for assessment of fear of pain (FOP). A previous study assessed the fit of the FPQ-III and the FPQ-SF in a Norwegian non-clinical sample and proved poor fit of both models. This inspired the idea of testing the possibility of a Norwegian FOP-model.
AIMS AND METHODS
A Norwegian FOP-model was examined by Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) in a sample of 1112 healthy volunteers. Then, the model fit of the FPQ-III, FPQ-SF and the Norwegian FOP-model (FPQ-NOR) were compared by Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Sex neutrality was explored by examining model fit, validity and reliability of the 3 models amongst male and female subgroups.
RESULTS
The EFA suggested either a 4-, a 5- or a 6-factor Norwegian FOP model. The eigenvalue criterion supported the suggested 6-factor model, which also explained most of the variance and was most interpretable. A CFA confirmed that the 6-factor model was better than the two 4- and 5-factor models. Furthermore, the CFA used to test the fit of the FPQ-NOR, the FPQ-III and the FPQ-SF showed that the FPQ-NOR had the best fit of the 3 models, both in the whole sample and in sex sub-groups.
CONCLUSION
A 6-factor model for explaining and measuring FOP in Norwegian samples was identified and termed the FPQ-NOR. This new model constituted six factors and 27 items, conceptualized as Minor, Severe, Injection, Fracture, Dental, and Cut Pain. The FPQ-NOR had the best fit overall and in male- and female subgroups, probably due to cross-cultural differences in FOP.
IMPLICATIONS
This study highlights the importance on exploratory analysis of FOP-instruments when applied to different countries or cultures. As the FPQ-III is widely used in both research and clinical settings, it is important to ensure that the models construct validity is high. Country specific validation of FOP in both clinical and non-clinical samples is recommended.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Vambheim, S.
Secondary author(s):
Lyby, P., Aslaksen, P., Flaten, M., Åsli, O., Bjørkedal, E., Martinussen, L. M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
8.20|0.07
Reference:
Vambheim, S., Lyby, P., Aslaksen, P., Flaten, M., Åsli, O., Bjørkedal, E., & Martinussen, L. M. (2017). Developing a model for measuring fear of pain in Norwegian samples: The Fear of Pain Questionnaire Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Pain, 17, 425-430.
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Impact factor notes: Impact factor only available since 2022
Times cited: 2|2026-02-08
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Fear of pain / FPQ-III / FPQ-SF / FPQ-NOR / Exploratory factor analysis / Pain assessment
DocumentUnveiling the underlying structure of awe in virtual reality and in autobiographical recall: An exploratory study 2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-288
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
288 - The origin of the sublime power in the brain: An integrated EEG-TMS study
Duration: 2021-04 - 2025-05
Researcher(s):
Eleonora Maggioni, Paolo Brambilla, Giandomenico Schiena, Alice Chirico, Andrea Gaggioli, Maddalena Mazzocut-Mis
Institution(s): Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (Italy); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan (Italy); Università degli Studi di Milano (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Maggioni, E.
Secondary author(s):
Brambilla, P., Schiena, G., Chirico, A., Gaggioli, A., Mazzocut-Mis, M.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Virtual reality / Sublime / Brain connectivity / EEG-TMS / Parapsychology and Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-288.09
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Unveiling the underlying structure of awe in virtual reality and in autobiographical recall: An exploratory study
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62654-3
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Over the last two decades, awe has attracted the attention of an increasing number of researchers. The use of virtual reality has been identified as one of the most effective techniques for eliciting awe, in addition to more personalized methods for inducing emotion, such as autobiographical recall. However, previous measures of awe were unable to uncover the hidden structure of this experience. Awe experience scale (AWE-S) has been validated as a comprehensive measure of contingent awe in English, providing new opportunities for analysis. In this two-phases study, we investigated whether the latent structure of the experience of awe evoked by the autobiographical recall technique (Study 1) overlapped with that induced by exposing participants to a validated virtual reality awe-eliciting training (Study 2). The original English AWE-S structure held both in autobiographical recall induction and virtual reality-based elicitation. Despite evidence of overlap between English and Italian structures, low correlations were found between Italian trait measures used to test the concurrent validity of the AWE-S in the Italian sample and AWE-S state dimensions. This study highlights cultural differences in awe experience, trait, and state variations, and provides new insights into the standardized induction of this emotion through simulated environments.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Chirico, A.
Secondary author(s):
Borghesi, F., Yaden, D. B., Pizzolante, M., Sarcinella, E. D., Cipresso, P., Gaggioli, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Chirico, A., Borghesi, F., Yaden, D. B., Pizzolante, M., Sarcinella, E. D., Cipresso, P., & Gaggioli, A. (2024). Unveiling the underlying structure of awe in virtual reality and in autobiographical recall: an exploratory study. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 12474. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62654-3
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Times cited: 6|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: AWE-S / Autobiographical recall / Awe / Confirmatory factor analysis / Emotion / Exploratory factor analysis / Virtual reality

Unveiling the underlying structure of awe in virtual reality and in autobiographical recall: An exploratory study

Unveiling the underlying structure of awe in virtual reality and in autobiographical recall: An exploratory study

DocumentMultidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-102
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
102 - Identifying altered resting state connectivity dynamics as predictors of auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH)
Duration: 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Sonja Kotz, Hanna Honcamp, Michael Schwartze, David Linden, Federico de Martino, Ana Pinheiro
Institution(s): Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University (The Netherlands)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Articles
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Kotz, S. A.
Secondary author(s):
Honcamp, H., Schwartze, M., Linden, D. E., De Martino, F., Pinheiro, A. P.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Auditory verbal hallucinations / Resting state / Brain dynamics / Hidden semi-markov modeling / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-102.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Background
Previous research on the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) across the psychosis continuum highlights methodological disparities, emphasizing the need for a cautious interpretation of findings and transparent reporting of parameters used in the analysis.
Methods
This study aimed to refine the factorial structure of the 16-item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), enhance methodological clarity, and improve the robustness of LSHS factor solutions. To this end, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on a heterogeneous sample (N = 278) with specified parameters (e.g., estimation procedure) that remain true to data characteristics and assumptions underlying EFA.
Results
The results revealed a four-factor structure including “Multisensory HLEs”, “Auditory daydreaming”, “Vivid thoughts and inner speech”, and “Personified HLEs”. Our investigation introduces a new factor specific to the perceived presence of another person or another voice. This aligns with theories on self-monitoring difficulties associated with an external attribution bias as hallucination proneness (HP) increases across the continuum.
Conclusion
The current results provide an opportunity for investigating neurophysiological and neurobehavioral correlates of HP considering highly differentiated individual profiles of HLEs. Future studies should focus on validating the robustness of the four-factor structure derived from this research across diverse samples of the general population (e.g., different age groups and cultural backgrounds). Specified composite scores underlying HLEs could be of additive value when assessing emerging clinical risk on the psychosis continuum.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Honcamp, H.
Secondary author(s):
Goller, L. K., Amorim, M., Duggirala, S. X., Johnson, J. F., Schwartze, M., Pinheiro, A. P., Kotz, S. A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Honcamp, H., Goller, L. K., Amorim, M., Duggirala, S. X., Johnson, J. F., Schwartze, M., Pinheiro, A. P., & Kotz, S. A. (2025). Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 41, 100368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368
2-year Impact Factor: 3|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale / Exploratory factor analysis / Hallucination proneness / Psychosis continuum / Externalization bias / Risk assessment

Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale

Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale
DocumentMultidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-146
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
146 - The me and the I: Dissociating ownership and agency in sensorimotor processing
Duration: 2021-09
Researcher(s):
Ana Pinheiro, Sonja Kotz, Michael Schwartze
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica - CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa (Portugal); Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Maastricht (The Netherlands)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Article
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Pinheiro, A. P.
Secondary author(s):
Kotz, S., Schwartze, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Self / Agency / Ownership / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-146.09
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Background
Previous research on the multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences (HLEs) across the psychosis continuum highlights methodological disparities, emphasizing the need for a cautious interpretation of findings and transparent reporting of parameters used in the analysis.
Methods
This study aimed to refine the factorial structure of the 16-item Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale (LSHS), enhance methodological clarity, and improve the robustness of LSHS factor solutions. To this end, an Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) was performed on a heterogeneous sample (N = 278) with specified parameters (e.g., estimation procedure) that remain true to data characteristics and assumptions underlying EFA.
Results
The results revealed a four-factor structure including “Multisensory HLEs”, “Auditory daydreaming”, “Vivid thoughts and inner speech”, and “Personified HLEs”. Our investigation introduces a new factor specific to the perceived presence of another person or another voice. This aligns with theories on self-monitoring difficulties associated with an external attribution bias as hallucination proneness (HP) increases across the continuum.
Conclusion
The current results provide an opportunity for investigating neurophysiological and neurobehavioral correlates of HP considering highly differentiated individual profiles of HLEs. Future studies should focus on validating the robustness of the four-factor structure derived from this research across diverse samples of the general population (e.g., different age groups and cultural backgrounds). Specified composite scores underlying HLEs could be of additive value when assessing emerging clinical risk on the psychosis continuum.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Honcamp, H.
Secondary author(s):
Goller, L. K., Amorim, M., Duggirala, S. X., Johnson, J. F., Schwartze, M., Pinheiro, A. P., Kotz, S. A.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Honcamp, H., Goller, L. K., Amorim, M., Duggirala, S. X., Johnson, J. F., Schwartze, M., Pinheiro, A. P., & Kotz, S. A. (2025). Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale. Schizophrenia Research: Cognition, 41, 100368. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scog.2025.100368
2-year Impact Factor: 3|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale / Exploratory factor analysis / Hallucination proneness / Psychosis continuum / Externalization bias / Risk assessment

Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale

Multidimensionality of hallucination-like experiences: A factor structure refinement of the Launay-Slade Hallucination Scale
DocumentHyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-253
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
253 - Uncovering the dynamics of hyperarousal and restless sleep
Duration: 2023-10
Researcher(s):
Lara Rösler, Roy Cox, Eus Van Someren
Institution(s): Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Rösler, L.
Secondary author(s):
Cox, R., van Someren, E. J. W,
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Hyperarousal / Restless sleep / Rapid eye movement (REM) / Headband EEG / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-253.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Hyperarousal is a key symptom of anxiety, stress-related disorders, and insomnia. However, it has been conceptualized in many different ways, ranging from various physiological markers (e.g. cortisol levels, high-frequency EEG activity) to personality traits, or state assessments of subjective anxiety and tension. This approach resulted in partly inconsistent evidence, complicating unified interpretations. Crucially, no previous studies addressed the likely variability of hyperarousal within and across days, nor the relationship of such variability in hyperarousal with the night-by-night variability in sleep quality characteristic of insomnia. Here, we present a novel data-driven approach to understanding dynamics of state hyperarousal in insomnia. Using ecological momentary assessment, we tracked fluctuations in a wide range of emotions across 9 days in 169 people with insomnia disorders and 38 controls without sleep problems. Exploratory factor analysis identified a hyperarousal factor, comprised of items describing tension and distress. People with insomnia scored significantly higher on this factor than controls at all timepoints. In both groups, the hyperarousal factor score peaked in the morning and waned throughout the day, pointing to a potential contributing role of sleep or other circadian processes. Importantly, the overnight increase in hyperarousal was stronger in people with in insomnia than in controls. Subsequent adaptive LASSO regression analysis revealed a stronger overnight increase in hyperarousal across nights of worse subjective sleep quality. These findings demonstrate the relationship between subjective sleep quality and overnight modulations of hyperarousal. Disorders in which hyperarousal is a predominant complaint might therefore benefit from interventions focused on improving sleep quality.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Rösler, L.
Secondary author(s):
van Kesteren, E. J., Leerssen, J., van der Lande, G., Lakbila-Kamal, O., Foster-Dingley, J. C., Albers, A., van Someren, E. J.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Rösler, L., van Kesteren, E. J., Leerssen, J., van der Lande, G., Lakbila-Kamal, O., Foster-Dingley, J. C., Albers, A., & van Someren, E. J. (2024). Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 179, 279–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2024.09.032
2-year Impact Factor: 3.2|2024
Times cited: 6|2025-12-18
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Actigraphy / Ecological momentary assessment / Exploratory factor analysis / Hyperarousal / Insomnia / Sleep quality

Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia

Hyperarousal dynamics reveal an overnight increase boosted by insomnia