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DocumentFinal report - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration: 2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):
Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s): Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
Final report - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa3208_21022014.pdf
Abstract/Results: RESULTS:
A fundamental topic in neuroscience is the nature of “free will” and how it is derived from neurophysiological processes. In this study, we investigate decision-making by examining the differences in brain activity underlying free and forced behaviours using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from subjects performing button pressing tasks that require them to exercise their choice by pushing one of two buttons in response to various cuing methods. The greatest ability to discriminate (>80% classification accuracy) free and forced trials came from MEG sensors located over the primary sensory cortices specific for the modality used to cue each trial: either visual (occipital) or auditory (left temporal), and minor non-localized differences for trials that were pre-specified. These findings suggest that primary sensory areas play a crucial part of the information processing steps organizing the production of free and forced behaviours, and, contrary to the current conceptualisation, that fronto-parietal processes may not be the principal determinants of these actions.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Neurophysiology / Free will / Magnetoencephalography / Decision-making

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DocumentDistinct dynamical patterns that distinguish willed and forced actions2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration: 2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):
Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s): Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
Distinct dynamical patterns that distinguish willed and forced actions
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3045496/
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The neural pathways for generating willed actions have been increasingly investigated since the famous pioneering work by Benjamin Libet on the nature of free will. To better understand what differentiates the brain states underlying willed and forced behaviours, we performed a study of chosen and forced actions over a binary choice scenario. Magnetoencephalography recordings were obtained from six subjects during a simple task in which the subject presses a button with the left or right finger in response to a cue that either (1) specifies the finger with which the button should be pressed or (2) instructs the subject to press a button with a finger of their own choosing. Three independent analyses were performed to investigate the dynamical patterns of neural activity supporting willed and forced behaviours during the preparatory period preceding a button press. Each analysis offered similar findings in the temporal and spatial domains and in particular, a high accuracy in the classification of single trials was obtained around 200 ms after cue presentation with an overall average of 82%. During this period, the majority of the discriminatory power comes from differential neural processes observed bilaterally in the parietal lobes, as well as some differences in occipital and temporal lobes, suggesting a contribution of these regions to willed and forced behaviours.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Garcia Dominguez, L.
Secondary author(s):
Kostelecki, W., Wennberg, R., Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Garcia Dominguez, L., Kostelecki, W., Wennberg, R., Perez-Velazquez, J. (2011). Distinct dynamical patterns that distinguish willed and forced actions. Cognitive Neurodynamics, 5(1), 67-76. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11571-010-9140-y
2-year Impact Factor: 0.985|2011
Times cited: 6|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q4
Keywords: Magnetoencephalography / Single-trial analysis / Free will / Fischer criterion / Common spatial patterns

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DocumentPatterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration: 2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):
Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s): Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060760
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The neural basis of decision-making is extremely complex due to the large number of factors that contribute to the outcome of even the most basic actions as well as the range of appropriate responses within many behavioral contexts. To better understand the neural processes underlying basic forms of decision-making, this study utilized an experiment that required a choice about whether to press a button with the right or left hand. These instances of decision-making were compared to identical button presses that were experimentally specified rather than selected by the subject. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record neural activity during these-what are being termed-free and forced actions and differences in the MEG signal between these two conditions were attributed to the distinct forms of neural activity required to carry out the two types of actions. To produce instances of free and forced behavior, cued button-pressing experiments were performed that use visual, aural, and memorized cues to instruct experimental subjects of the expected outcome of individual trials. Classification analysis of the trials revealed that cortical regions that allowed for the most accurate classification of free and forced actions primarily handle sensory input for the modality used to cue the trials: occipital cortex for visually cued trials, temporal cortex for aurally cued trials, and minor non-localized differences in MEG activity for trials initiated from memory. The differential roles of visual and auditory sensory cortices during free and forced actions provided insight into the neural processing steps that were engaged to initiate cued actions. Specifically, it suggested that detectable differences exist in the activity of sensory cortices and their target sites when subjects performed free and forced actions in response to sensory cues.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Kostelecki, W.
Secondary author(s):
Mei, Y., Garcia Dominguez, L., Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Kostelecki, W., Mei, Y., Garcia Dominguez L, & Pérez Velázquez, J. L. (2012). Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6(84), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00084
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Impact factor notes: Impact factor computed since 2018
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Decision-making / Free will / Granger causality / Magnetoencephalography / Single-trial classification

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DocumentThe biophysical bases of will-less behaviors2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration: 2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):
Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s): Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
The biophysical bases of will-less behaviors
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3478585/
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Are there distinctions at the neurophysiological level that correlate with voluntary and involuntary actions? Whereas the wide variety of involuntary behaviors (and here mostly the deviant or pathological ones will be considered) will necessarily be represented at some biophysical level in nervous system activity–for after all those cellular activity patterns manifest themselves as behaviors and thus there will be a multiplicity of them–there could be some general tendencies to be discerned amongst that assortment. Collecting observations derived from neurophysiological activity associated with several pathological conditions characterized by presenting will-less actions such as Parkinson's disease, seizures, alien hand syndrome and tics, it is proposed that a general neurophysiologic tendency of brain activity that correlates with involuntary actions is higher than normal synchrony in specific brain cell networks, depending upon the behavior in question. Wilful, considered normal behavior, depends on precise coordination of the collective activity in cell ensembles that may be lost, or diminished, when there are tendencies toward more than normal or aberrant synchronization of cellular activity. Hence, rapid fluctuations in synchrony is associated with normal actions and cognition while less variability in brain recordings particularly with regards to synchronization could be a signature of unconscious and deviant behaviors in general.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Perez Velazquez, J. L. (2012). The biophysical bases of will-less behaviors. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6(98), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00098
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Impact factor notes: Impact factor computed since 2018
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Brain synchrony / Coherence / Neurophysics / Free will / Volition / Excitability / Psychiatry / Brain coordination dynamics

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DocumentConscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration: 2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):
Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s): Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-032.06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:
Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bial%20Sonhos%20Miolo_Total%20Bolsas.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Objectives: A fundamental topic in neuroscience is the nature of “free will” and how it is derived
from neurophysiological processes. In this study, we investigate decision-making by examining the
differences in brain activity underlying free and forced behaviours using magnetoencephalographic
(MEG) recordings from subjects performing button pressing tasks that require them to exercise
their choice by pushing one of two buttons in response to various cuing methods.
Methods: MEG recordings were taken from participants who either act on a choice by pushing one
of two buttons when cued to do so, or pushing one particular button in response to a specific
instruction. The instructions for the types of button press were supplied using visual or verbal cues
that were provided in real time, or using pre-specified cues that instructed the subject to press
buttons in the order of a memorized sequence or to freely press buttons for a period of time.
Analysis of the directionality of coupling between brain areas (but we work at the sensor level) was
assessed using Granger causality.
Results & Discussion: The greatest ability to discriminate (>80% classification accuracy) free and
forced trials came from MEG sensors located over the primary sensory cortices specific for the
modality used to cue each trial: either visual (occipital) or auditory (left temporal), and minor nonlocalized
differences for trials that were pre-specified.
Conclusions: These findings suggest that primary sensory areas play a crucial part of the
information processing steps organizing the production of free and forced behaviours, and that,
contrary to the current conceptualisation, fronto-parietal processes may not be the principal
determinants of these actions.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):
Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Perez Velazquez, J.L., Wennberg, R., & Garcia Dominguez, L. (2012). Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain? In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium of Fundação Bial (p. 17/63). Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Choice-making / Free will / Magnetoencephalography / Single-trial classification

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro
Document“Me & My Brain”: Exposing Neuroscience's Closet Dualism2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-209
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:
209 - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
Duration: 2013-05 - 2015-02
Researcher(s):
Uri Muz Maoz, Liad Mudrik, Ian Ross, Adam Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs
Institution(s): California Institute of Technology, Pasadena and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Language: eng
Author:
Maoz, U.
Secondary author(s):
Mudrik, L., Ross, I., Mamelak, A., Adolphs, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Brain structure and function / Cognitive processes / Decision-making

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-209.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:
“Me & My Brain”: Exposing Neuroscience's Closet Dualism
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/abs/10.1162/jocn_a_00723#.VNni9HmzWM8
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Our intuitive concept of the relations between brain and mind is increasingly challenged by the scientific world view. Yet, although few neuroscientists openly endorse Cartesian dualism, careful reading reveals dualistic intuitions in prominent neuroscientific texts. Here, we present the “double-subject fallacy”: treating the brain and the entire person as two independent subjects who can simultaneously occupy divergent psychological states and even have complex interactions with each other—as in “my brain knew before I did.” Although at first, such writing may appear like harmless, or even cute, shorthand, a closer look suggests that it can be seriously misleading. Surprisingly, this confused writing appears in various cognitive-neuroscience texts, from prominent peer-reviewed articles to books intended for lay audience. Far from being merely metaphorical or figurative, this type of writing demonstrates that dualistic intuitions are still deeply rooted in contemporary thought, affecting even the most rigorous practitioners of the neuroscientific method. We discuss the origins of such writing and its effects on the scientific arena as well as demonstrate its relevance to the debate on legal and moral responsibility.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Mudrik, L.
Secondary author(s):
Maoz, U.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Mudrik, L., & Maoz, U. (2015). “Me & My Brain”: Exposing Neuroscience's Closet Dualism. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 27(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_00723
2-year Impact Factor: 3.559|2015
Times cited: 35|2025-02-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Intuition / Consciousness / Free will

“Me & My Brain”: Exposing Neuroscience's Closet Dualism

“Me & My Brain”: Exposing Neuroscience's Closet Dualism
DocumentFinal report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-209
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:
209 - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
Duration: 2013-05 - 2015-02
Researcher(s):
Uri Muz Maoz, Liad Mudrik, Ian Ross, Adam Mamelak, Ralph Adolphs
Institution(s): California Institute of Technology, Pasadena and Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Language: eng
Author:
Maoz, U.
Secondary author(s):
Mudrik, L., Ross, I., Mamelak, A., Adolphs, R.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Brain structure and function / Cognitive processes / Decision-making

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-209.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 5/2012
Title:
Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
Publication year: 2015
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant20912.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Humans typically experience decisions like donating to charity or going on vacation as inherently up to them and thus entailing responsibility. However, recent results in neuroscience - Libet results - purportedly suggesting that predictive information about upcoming decisions exists in the brain well before subjects report deciding. Some have thus deduced that all decisions are made unconsciously and free will and moral responsibility are illusory.
However, the above experiments typically focused on arbitrary decisions - bearing no meaning consequence or purpose - while the free will debate focuses on deliberate decisions. We worked with patients implanted with intracranial electrodes for clinical purposes and with EEG subjects to elucidate the neural precursors of arbitrary and deliberate decisions. In particular, we were interested in predicting action contents before action onset online and in real time. In a more philosophical vein, we also investigated the potential ethical and legal repercussions of the Libet results.
We found that arbitrary decisions can be predicted earlier and at a higher accuracy than deliberate ones. In addition, the readiness potential, a precursor of movement on which much of the Libet paradigm relies, is much more apparent for arbitrary than deliberate decisions. We further demonstrated that, even at face value, the Libet results have little bearing on moral and criminal responsibility and debate their use in the “my brain made me do it” legal defence.
We therefore conclude that, at least at this time, drawing strong conclusions from the Libet and similar experiments about lack of free will or moral responsibility is, at best, too hasty.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Maoz, U.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Decision-making / Free will / Moral responsibility / Volition / Action prediction

Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making

Final report - Predicting your decision while you make up your mind – an intracranial human study of the neural underpinning of decision making
File215 - Does restricting physical freedom broaden mental freedom? The effect of REST-floatation in adolescents2021-112023-11

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-215
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
215 - Does restricting physical freedom broaden mental freedom? The effect of REST-floatation in adolescents
Duration: 2021-11 - 2023-11
Researcher(s):
Amir Raz, Uri Maoz, Elnaz Lashgari
Institution(s): Institute for Interdisciplinary Brain and Behavioral Sciences, Chapman University, Irvine (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Notes:
Inconclusive project
Author: Raz, A.
Secondary author(s):
Maoz, U., Lashgari, E.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Restricted environmental stimulation therapy / Mental freedom / Free will / Computational Neuroscience / Machine learning / Physiological signals / Parapsychology and Psychophysiology
DocumentNeurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-081
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
081 - The neurophenomenology of volition: Revisiting the Libet task with first person methods
Duration: 2019-12 - 2024-07
Researcher(s):
Yeshe Leyens, Stefan Schmidt, Marc Wittmann, Han-Gue Jo
Institution(s): Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Freiburg (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Leyens, Y.
Secondary author(s):
Schmidt, S., Wittmann, M., Jo, H. -G.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Meditation / Neurophenomenology / Introspection / Slow cortical potentials / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-081.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02368-9
Abstract/Results: Abstract:
In this conceptual contribution, we argue that experimental investigations of phenomena in the cognitive sciences and consciousness research may benefit from a thorough integration of data acquired from the first-person perspective. We present a line of research from our lab applying this approach to the Libet task on voluntary action. In this well-known experimental paradigm, participants perform a movement at a moment of their own choice. Previous research has shown that this voluntary decision to perform the action is preceded by a specific pattern in the electroencephalogram, the so-called readiness potential. This finding that the decision is preceded (and presumably determined) by an action-related brain processes puts the neuroscientific account at odds with our subjective intuition and challenges the notion of free will. This discrepancy exemplifies the gap between neuro-cognitive models of the mind and the accounts of our conscious experience. The aim of our theoretical proposal is to enrich the study of volitional action by integrating reports from the first-person perspective with the Libet paradigm to develop a more coherent account. This provides an example of implementing the research program of neurophenomenology developed by Francisco Varela to overcome the gap between scientific accounts of the mind and subjective experience. Specifically, we show how this can be achieved by interweaving three methodological approaches: (i) adapting common neuro-cognitive paradigms (i.e., the Libet task); (ii) employing refined first-person methods such as the micro-phenomenological interview; and (iii) collaborating with experienced meditators as research participants. Our contribution demonstrates how the neurophenomenological framework can be used to shed new light on long-standing and fundamental debates in consciousness research. We show that this approach not only addresses questions of intellectual curiosity but also has concrete ethical implications for the practice of science itself, self-determination, and the accountability of the conscious subject. On the basis of our approach, meditation can be seen as a method for enhancing self-regulation and self-determination, which allows for more deliberate decisions and thus more ethical behavior.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schmidt, S.
Secondary author(s):
Bauer, P. R., Trautwein, F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Schmidt, S., Bauer, P. R., & Trautwein, F. (2024). Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment. Mindfulness, 15, 2048–2061. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-024-02368-9
2-year Impact Factor: 3.1|2023
Times cited: 0|2025-02-19
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Neurophenomenology / Free will / Libet task / Ethics / Mirco-phenomenology / Volition / EEG / Slow cortical potentials

Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment

Neurophenomenology in action: Integrating the first-person perspective into the Libet experiment