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DocumentThe effects of intuition and attitudes towards gambling on ESP performance during a gambling task2005

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1998
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 11/1998
Title:
1998 Grants
Start date: 1999-01 - 2005-12
Dimension/support:
11 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1998-018
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/1998
Title:
018 - Investigations of psychopraxia
Duration: 1999-01 - 2001-12
Researcher(s):
Michael Thalbourne, Lance Storm
Institution(s): University of Adelaide (Australia)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Doctoral dissertation
10 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):
Storm, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychopraxia / Transliminality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-1998-018.16
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 7/1998
Title:
The effects of intuition and attitudes towards gambling on ESP performance during a gambling task
Publication year: 2005
URL:
http://ejp.wyrdwise.com/EJP%20v20-1.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
In the present study, evidence was sought for the presence of compliant and noncompliant pro attitudes in a forced-choice cardidentifying experiment. The pro attitude is an orientation of the self towards a specific and preferred paranormal outcome or goal (Thalbourne, in press). The experiment was designed to encourage participants to adopt a pro attitude towards only one of two card outcomes (spade-hitting or club-hitting). This protocol would yield evidence in the form of psi effects that indicated by inference that participants
either acted with compliance (they followed the experimenter’s instructions) or noncompliance (they did not follow the experimenter’s instructions). The modifying effects of three attitudes/dispositions on paranormal performance were also investigated – (i) attitudes towards gambling, (ii) belief in good luck, and (iii) intuition. High scores on the above-mentioned attitudes/dispositions were hypothesised as being conducive to, and necessary for psi. There was (i) a significant negative relationship between the compliant psi outcome
(i.e., spade-hitting) and the noncompliant psi outcome (i.e., club-hitting), and (ii) a negative relationship between club-hitting and attitude toward horse racing. There was post hoc evidence of significant relationships between psi and Intuiting (introverted and extraverted) for moderate scorers on the Gambling Attitude Scales (using aggregate scores), and evidence of a replicated forced-choice psi effect.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Secondary author(s):
Thalbourne, M. A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Storm, L., & Thalbourne, M. A. (2005). The effects of intuition and attitudes towards gambling on ESP performance during a gambling task. European Journal of Parapsychology, 20(1), 22-49.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Gambling / Intuition / Belief in good luck / Psychopraxia / Pro-attitude

The effects of intuition and attitudes towards gambling on ESP performance during a gambling task

The effects of intuition and attitudes towards gambling on ESP performance during a gambling task
DocumentOrbitofrontal cortex lesions disrupt risk assessment in a novel serial decision-making task for rats2007

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-084
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 19 a 20/2004
Title:
084 - A consciência da dor: Alterações induzidas por dor crónica nos mecanismos neurobiológicos de aprendizagem, atenção e recompensa
Duration: 2005-01 - 2008-11
Researcher(s):
Vasco Miguel Clara Lopes Galhardo, Deolinda Maria Valente Alves de Lima Teixeira, Miguel Santos Pais-Vieira, Clara Maria Pires Costa Bastos Monteiro
Institution(s): IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng / por
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2008-126
Author: Galhardo, V.
Secondary author(s):
Lima, D., Pais-Vieira, M., Monteiro, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Memory / Attention / Learning / Brain structure and function / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-084.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 19/2004
Title:
Orbitofrontal cortex lesions disrupt risk assessment in a novel serial decision-making task for rats
Publication year: 2007
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452206016629
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Neurobiological mechanisms of decision-making have been shown to be modulated by a number of frontal brain regions. Among those areas, the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) is thought to play an important role in the decision of behavioral actions when faced with alternative options of ambiguous outcome. Here we present a novel neurobehavioral task to study affective decision-making in the rat, based on evaluation of consecutive choices between two levers associated with rewards of different value and probability. Two groups of animals were studied; a sham control group (n=6) and an OFC-lesioned group (n=7). In the first 30 trials both groups had similar preference patterns but at the end of the 90 trials of the task both groups developed specific preferences. The control group systematically preferred the lever associated with smaller but more reliable rewards (low risk lever) while the OFC lesion group preferred the high risk lever (index of preference of 0.21±0.21 vs. -0.45±0.10; t-test, P<0.05). Analysis of choice persistence (i.e. choosing the same lever in consecutive trials) suggests that the OFC-lesioned group became less sensitive to risk, seeking large rewards irrespective of their success probability.
Accessibility: Document exists in file (in attachment to the final report)
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Pais-Vieira, M.
Secondary author(s):
Lima, D., Galhardo, V.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pais-Vieira, M., Lima, D., & Galhardo, V. (2007). Orbitofrontal cortex lesions disrupt risk assessment in a novel serial decision-making task for rats. Neuroscience, 145(1), 225-231. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.11.058
2-year Impact Factor: 3.352|2007
Times cited: 66|2025-02-04
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Uncertainty / Gambling / Reward / Persistence / Quinolinic acid

Orbitofrontal cortex lesions disrupt risk assessment in a novel serial decision-making task for rats

Orbitofrontal cortex lesions disrupt risk assessment in a novel serial decision-making task for rats
DocumentCognitive impairment of prefrontal-dependent decision-making in rats after the onset of chronic pain2009

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-084
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 19 a 20/2004
Title:
084 - A consciência da dor: Alterações induzidas por dor crónica nos mecanismos neurobiológicos de aprendizagem, atenção e recompensa
Duration: 2005-01 - 2008-11
Researcher(s):
Vasco Miguel Clara Lopes Galhardo, Deolinda Maria Valente Alves de Lima Teixeira, Miguel Santos Pais-Vieira, Clara Maria Pires Costa Bastos Monteiro
Institution(s): IBMC - Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng / por
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2008-126
Author: Galhardo, V.
Secondary author(s):
Lima, D., Pais-Vieira, M., Monteiro, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Memory / Attention / Learning / Brain structure and function / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-084.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 19/2004
Title:
Cognitive impairment of prefrontal-dependent decision-making in rats after the onset of chronic pain
Publication year: 2009
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306452209005909
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Forced choice between alternative options of unpredictable outcome is a complex task that requires continual update of the value associated with each option. Prefrontal areas such as the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) have been shown to play a major role in performance on ambiguous decision-making tasks with substantial risk component, broadly named as “gambling tasks.” We have recently demonstrated that rats display complex decision-making behavior in a rodent gambling task based on serial choices between rewards of different value and probability. This rodent task retains many of the key characteristics of the human Iowa Gambling Task (IGT), and performance in this novel task is also disrupted by OFC or amygdalar lesioning. In the present study we addressed if rat models of chronic pain would have impaired performance in this gambling task, since it is already known that the IGT response patterns of human pain patients are comparable to individuals with OFC lesions. We found that animals with a monoarthritic inflammatory model of chronic pain systematically preferred the lever associated with larger but infrequent rewards. In addition, we measured the neurochemical content of the OFC, amygdala and nucleus accumbens using HPLC, and found that in prolonged chronic pain animals there was a decrease in the tonic levels of dopamine, DOPAC (3,4-hydroxyphenyl-acetic acid) and 5-HIAA (5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid) in the OFC. This is the first report of the effect of chronic pain in rat decision-making processes and supports the notion that pain may have profound effects on the functioning of the reward-aversion circuitry relevant to strategic planning.
Accessibility: Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication/ in attachment to the final report)
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Pais-Vieira, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mendes-Pinto, M., Lima, D., Galhardo, V.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pais-Vieira, M., Mendes-Pinto, M. M., Lima, D., & Galhardo, V. (2009). Cognitive impairment of prefrontal-dependent decision-making in rats after the onset of chronic pain. Neuroscience, 161(3), 671-679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.04.011
2-year Impact Factor: 3.292|2009
Times cited: 95|2025-02-07
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Orbitofrontal cortex / Uncertainty / Monoarthritis / Reward / Gambling

Cognitive impairment of prefrontal-dependent decision-making in rats after the onset of chronic pain

Cognitive impairment of prefrontal-dependent decision-making in rats after the onset of chronic pain
DocumentDifferences in gambling approaches between informed paranormal believers and quasi-believers: A pilot study 2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-340
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
340 - A Question of Belief: An Analysis of Item Content in Paranormal Belief Questionnaires
Duration: 2015-04 - 2017-07
Researcher(s):
Lance Storm, Ken Drinkwater, Tony Jinks
Institution(s): Brain and Cognition Centre, Adelaide (Australia); Department of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Psychology and Social Care, Manchester (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
1 Article
Language: eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K., Jinks, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Sheep-goat effect / Psi / Quasi-belief / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-340.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Differences in gambling approaches between informed paranormal believers and quasi-believers: A pilot study
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=122405693011702;res=IELHSS
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT
This pilot study examined the relationship between paranormal belief and gambling attitudes and behaviours, and thus extends previous research on informedness in relation to paranormal beliefs (Storm, Drinkwater, and Jinks, 2017). The newly constructed Paranormal Belief Informedness Scale (Storm et al., 2017) was used to select four interviewees from a sample of 85 respondents. Prior to the interviews, level of informedness in relation to paranormal beliefs was the main selection criterion for determining interviewee suitability. Five types of gambling were covered (Bingo, Cards, Horses, Slot Machines, and Sports Betting), which served to guide the thematic process, and led to the generation of basic themes and subsequent organising themes. Interview transcripts were analysed using thematic analysis; a qualitative method that classifies configurations and patterns found in transcript material. Generally, interviews revealed a wide range of themes associated with a propensity to gamble. Interviewees expressed views outlining perceived control, luck, paranormal (including superstitious) belief, and gambling strategies that they employed. A range of gambling fallacies and ineffectual strategies seemed to perpetuate gambling attitudes and consequently drive gambling behaviours, but reports differed between informed believers and quasi-believers (i.e., the latter are those who have not fully considered the implications of their beliefs). Most salient were the statements indicating informed paranormal believers were less likely to commit the gambler's fallacy and engage in fruitless gambling strategies. Findings provide important insights into the assumptions made about paranormal beliefs and gambling attitudes and behaviours.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Drinkwater, K.
Secondary author(s):
Storm, L., Jinks, A. L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Drinkwater, K., Storm, L., & Jinks, A. L. (2018). Differences in gambling approaches between informed paranormal believers and quasi-believers: A pilot study. Australian Journal of Parapsychology, 18(2), 153-183.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Gambling
File107 - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task2021-012023-11

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-107
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
107 - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task
Duration: 2021-01 - 2023-11
Researcher(s):
Lance Storm
Institution(s): School of Psychology, University of Adelaide (Australia)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Sheep-goat effect / Compliance / Noncompliance / Gambling / Parapsychology
DocumentFinal report - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-107
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
107 - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task
Duration: 2021-01 - 2023-11
Researcher(s):
Lance Storm
Institution(s): School of Psychology, University of Adelaide (Australia)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Sheep-goat effect / Compliance / Noncompliance / Gambling / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-107.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task
Publication year: 2023
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background and Aim
Predictors of psi-hitting due mainly to compliance in believers in psi (sheep), and psi-missing due mainly to noncompliance in non-believers in psi (goats), were sought in an on-screen forced-choice card-identifying (guessing) experiment in a gambling scenario. Hypothesized predictors are paranormal belief (using the Australian Sheep-Goat Scale), gambling attitudes (Gambling Attitude Scales & Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale), and beliefs about luck (Belief in Good Luck Scale & Questionnaire of Beliefs about Luck).
Method
Participants completed the scales, then five card-guessing trials (5 x 5 playing cards face-down). Correct guesses of Ace-of-Spades win a Scratch-It card for possible cash prize. Participants were asked to avoid Ace-of-Clubs. It is theorized that sheep, being positive towards the psi hypothesis, are compliant and prefer Ace-of-Spades; whereas goats, being noncompliant, prefer Ace-of-Clubs.
Results
All gambling attitude scales inter-correlated significantly, as did most luck scales. For the whole sample (N = 120), effect sizes were at chance for spade-hitting and club-hitting, as was the case for sheep and goats separately. Sheep and goats did not score differently from each other on spade-hitting. None of the scales correlated significantly with spade-hitting or club-hitting. The spade-hitting/club-hitting correlation was negative and significant, which replicated the same finding in Storm and Thalbourne (2005).
Conclusions
The spade-hitting/club-hitting correlation suggests that when participants target Ace-of-Spades, they will tend to avoid Ace-of-Clubs, though there is option to displace to King cards. Also, belief in psi and luck, and attitudes towards gambling (whether positive or negative), may not influence gambling success.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Storm, L. (2023). Final report - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Gambling / Sheep-goat effect / Compliance / Ppsychic ability

Final report - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task

Final report - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task
DocumentAttitudes and Beliefs as Predictors of Psi Effects in a Pseudo-Gambling Task2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-107
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
107 - Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task
Duration: 2021-01 - 2023-11
Researcher(s):
Lance Storm
Institution(s): School of Psychology, University of Adelaide (Australia)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Storm, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Sheep-goat effect / Compliance / Noncompliance / Gambling / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-107.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Attitudes and Beliefs as Predictors of Psi Effects in a Pseudo-Gambling Task
Publication year: 2023
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Believers in psi (sheep) will use psi to hit a target, but as far as non-believers (goats) are concerned, the conventional understanding is that they will inadvertently use psi to avoid the target. In other words, goats do not tend to psi hit; they tend only to score at chance or occasionally psi miss, and since the sheep-goat effect is sufficiently demonstrated when sheep score significantly higher than goats, little thought is given to the fact that goats are never specifically asked to psi miss. The present study looks at the sheep-goat effect in the context of compliance (from sheep) and noncompliance (from goats). The psi task is five trials at guessing the Ace of Spades playing card while avoiding Ace of Clubs. We administered tests of paranormal belief, belief in luck, and attitudes towards gambling to determine correlates of psi performance. All the gambling attitude scales inter-correlated significantly as did most luck scales. For the whole sample (N = 120), effect sizes were at chance for spade-hitting and club-hitting as was the case for sheep and goats. Sheep and goats did not score differently from each other on either psi measure, and none of the scales correlated significantly with the two psi measures. The spade-hitting/club-hitting correlation was negative and significant thus replicating the effect reported by Storm and Thalbourne (2005b). This correlation suggests that if participants successfully targeted Ace of Spades they tended to avoid Ace of Clubs (and vice versa), but more is implied—participants could still avoid noncompliance (if they were sheep) or compliance (if they were goats) by displacing to King cards. Also, belief in psi and luck, and attitudes toward gambling (whether positive or negative) do not appear to influence gambling success.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Author:
Storm, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Storm, L. (2023). Attitudes and beliefs as predictors of psi effects in a pseudo-gambling task. Journal of Parapsychology, 87(1), 66–86. https://doi.org/10.30891/jopar.2023.01.05
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: No
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Compliance / Gambling / Ppsychic ability / Sheep-goat effect