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BIAL Foundation
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DE:"Lateral rectus spike artifact"
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DocumentLucid dreaming occurs in activated rapid eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-334
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
334 - Inducing lucid dreams with optimized sensory cues
Duration: 2019-03 - 2022-10
Researcher(s):
Benjamin Baird, Giulio Tononi, Stephen LaBerge
Institution(s): Department of Psychiatry, Wisconsin Institute for Sleep and Consciousness, University of Wisconsin – Madison (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Baird, B.
Secondary author(s):
Tononi, G., LaBerge, S.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Lucid dream / Sensory disconnection / REM sleep / Consciousness / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-334.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Lucid dreaming occurs in activated rapid eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://academic.oup.com/sleep/advance-article-abstract/doi/10.1093/sleep/zsab294/6528977?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Abstract/Results: Abstract
Study Objectives
(1) To critically test whether a previously reported increase in frontolateral 40 Hz power in lucid REM sleep, used to justify the claim that lucid dreaming is a “hybrid state” mixing sleep and wakefulness, is attributable to the saccadic spike potential (SP) artifact as a corollary of heightened REM density. (2) To replicate the finding that lucid dreams are associated with physiological activation, including heightened eye movement density, during REM sleep. (3) To conduct an exploratory analysis of changes in EEG features during lucid REM sleep
Methods
We analyzed 14 signal-verified lucid dreams (SVLDs) and baseline REM sleep segments from the same REM periods from six participants derived from the Stanford SVLD database. Participants marked lucidity onset with standard left-right-left-right-center (LR2c) eye-movement signals in polysomnography recordings.
Results
Compared to baseline REM sleep, lucid REM sleep had higher REM density (ß = 0.85, p = 0.002). Bayesian analysis supported the null hypothesis of no differences in frontolateral 40 Hz power after removal of the SP artifact (BH = 0.18) and ICA correction (BH = 0.01). Compared to the entire REM sleep period, lucid REM sleep showed small reductions in low-frequency and beta band spectral power as well as increased signal complexity (all p < 0.05), which were within the normal variance of baseline REM sleep.
Conclusions
Lucid dreams are associated with higher-than-average levels of physiological activation during REM sleep, including measures of both subcortical and cortical activation. Increases in 40 Hz power in periorbital channels reflect saccadic and microsaccadic SPs as a result of higher REM density accompanying heightened activation.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
by permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Baird, B.
Secondary author(s):
Tononi, G., LaBerge, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Baird, B., Tononi, G., & LaBerge, S. (2022). Lucid dreaming occurs in activated rapid eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness. Sleep, 45(4), zsab294. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab294
2-year Impact Factor: 5.600|2022
Times cited: 19|2025-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Lucid dreaming / REM sleep / 40 Hz oscillations / Consciousness / Saccadic spike potentials / Lateral rectus spike artifact

Lucid dreaming occurs in activated eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness

Lucid dreaming occurs in activated eye movement sleep, not a mixture of sleep and wakefulness