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BIAL Foundation
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DE:"Neurocognitive mechanisms"
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DocumentThe neurobiological correlates of gaze perception in healthy individuals and neurologic patients2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-203
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
203 - Dynamic eye-movement encoding in human cortex using ultra-high field fMRI (7Tesla)
Duration: 2021-10 - 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Alessio Fracasso
Institution(s): Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Scotland (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Fracasso, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Gain-field / Modelling / Saccades / Ultra high-field MRI / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-203.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The neurobiological correlates of gaze perception in healthy individuals and neurologic patients
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35327431/
Abstract/Results: The ability to adaptively follow conspecific eye movements is crucial for establishing shared attention and survival. Indeed, in humans, interacting with the gaze direction of others causes the reflexive orienting of attention and the faster object detection of the signaled spatial location. The behavioral evidence of this phenomenon is called gaze-cueing. Although this effect can be conceived as automatic and reflexive, gaze-cueing is often susceptible to context. In fact, gaze-cueing was shown to interact with other factors that characterize facial stimulus, such as the kind of cue that induces attention orienting (i.e., gaze or non-symbolic cues) or the emotional expression conveyed by the gaze cues. Here, we address neuroimaging evidence, investigating the neural bases of gaze-cueing and the perception of gaze direction and how contextual factors interact with the gaze shift of attention. Evidence from neuroimaging, as well as the fields of non-invasive brain stimulation and neurologic patients, highlights the involvement of the amygdala and the superior temporal lobe (especially the superior temporal sulcus (STS)) in gaze perception. However, in this review, we also emphasized the discrepancies of the attempts to characterize the distinct functional roles of the regions in the processing of gaze. Finally, we conclude by presenting the notion of invariant representation and underline its value as a conceptual framework for the future characterization of the perceptual processing of gaze within the STS.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Battaglia, S.
Secondary author(s):
Fabius, J. H., Moravkova, K., Fracasso, A., Borgomaneri, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Battaglia, S., Fabius, J. H., Moravkova, K., Fracasso, A., & Borgomaneri, S. (2022). The neurobiological correlates of gaze perception in healthy individuals and neurologic patients. Biomedicines, 10, 3, 627. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines10030627
2-year Impact Factor: 4.700|2022
Times cited: 57|2025-09-24
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Gaze perception / Gaze-cueing / Neuroimaging / Superior temporal sulcus / Amygdala / Neurologic patients / Neurocognitive mechanisms / Non-invasive brain stimulation

The neurobiological correlates of gaze perception in healthy individuals and neurologic patients

The neurobiological correlates of gaze perception in healthy individuals and neurologic patients
DocumentFinal report - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-068
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
068 - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness
Duration: 2023-03 - 2025-09
Researcher(s):
Bo Yao
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Lancaster University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Yao, B.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Inner speech / Self-awareness / Consciousness / Neurophysiology / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-068.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness
Publication year: 2025
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Inner speech supports self-awareness and consciousness, but underlying mechanisms remain unclear.
Aims
To develop comprehensive understanding of inner speech through: (1) synthesising neuroimaging literature, (2) developing computational theory, (3) investigating cognitive underpinnings of inner speech phenomenology across individuals, (4) examining neural dynamics during inner speech and self-referential processing.
Method
Multi-method approach included ALE meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies, theoretical development of the Linguistic Active Inference Theory (LAIT), structural equation modelling of individual differences in cognitive mechanisms and inner speech phenomenology, and time-frequency and brain state analysis of neurophysiological activity during inner speech and self-referential tasks.
Results
Different inner speech varieties recruit distinct neural mechanisms - corollary discharge for deliberate/egocentric forms, perceptual simulation for spontaneous/allocentric forms. LAIT proposes inner speech reduces uncertainty through language's efficiency, extendibility, and generativity. Perceptual simulation abilities predict dialogic and other-people inner speech frequency. Theta-band oscillations mark inner speech engagement during self-referential processing, characterized by brain state duration modulation.
Conclusions
Inner speech is phenomenologically and mechanistically diverse, serving uncertainty reduction through flexible neural recruitment. Perceptual simulation is crucial for rich phenomenological varieties. Theta oscillations provide robust neural markers. This advance understanding from descriptive to mechanistically grounded accounts of inner speech as an adaptive cognitive tool.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Yao, B. (2025). Final report - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Iinner speech / Neurocognitive mechanisms / Self-processing / Self-awareness / Individual differences / Corollary discharge / Perceptual simulation / Hidden semi–Markov Models / EEG / Theta oscillations

Final report - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness

Final report - Can a silent mind know thyself? The role of inner speech in self-awareness