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DE:"Nocebo hyperalgesia"
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DocumentProgress reports - Emotional factors in placebo analgesia: Psychophysiological Experiments 2004

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Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 21/2002
Title:
2002 Grants
Start date: 2003-01 - 2009-11
Dimension/support:
21 caixas de arquivo

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Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-028
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 10/2002
Title:
028 - Emotional factors in placebo analgesia: Psychophysiological Experiments
Duration: 2003-03 - 2006-10
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Oddmund Johansen, Terje Simonsen, Jan Brox, Arnstein Finset
Institution(s): Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital of North Norway (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Brox, J., Finset, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Cognitive processes / Emotion

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-028.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 10/2002
Title:
Progress reports - Emotional factors in placebo analgesia: Psychophysiological Experiments
Publication year: 2004
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa%202802.pdf
Abstract/Results: RESULTS:
Placebo analgesia is the reduction in pain after administration of an inert substance together with information that the substance is a painkiller.
EXP 1: Do positive expectations of drug treatment lead to decreased stress that mediate placebo analgesia? Stress was not affected. Placebo analgesia was seen in males only. All the experimenters were female nurses. Exp. 2 investigated whether the presence of a male or female experimenter modulated pain report in males and females.
EXP 2: Males who reported pain to females reported lower pain compared to males reporting to males. Females reported similar pain to both male and females. To investigate whether males who report lower pain to females feel less pain, or just report lower pain, Exp. 3 investigated the physiological response to pain in males and females tested by males and females.
EXP 3: Measures of heart rate variability (HRV), indicating autonomic response, were included. HRV to pain stimuli was similar in males reporting to females and males reporting to males, indicating that the response to pain was the same in both females and males. Thus, social context modulated pain report but not pain sensation.
EXP 4: Nocebo hyperalgesia is increased pain after administration of treatment signalling increased pain. A conditioned stimulus (CS) signalled the onset of pain. The CS increased pain report compared to control. The CS also increased stress and sympathetic response.
CONCLUSION:
Placebo analgesia is not related to decreased stress. Nocebo hyperalgesia is related to increased stress. Social context influences pain report. The effect of social context must be taken into consideration in all studies where pain is subjectively recorded.
Language: eng
Notes:
There is no final report. Progress reports in attachment.
Author: Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Brox, J., Finset, A.
Document type:
Progress report
Number of reproductions:
1
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Psychophysiology / Emotion / Placebo analgesia / Nocebo hyperalgesia / Stress

<!-- mm occ=1 guid=[26d0241307fedaa2cce53a35a1e3f71c] WebBehavior$=[3] -->
DocumentExpectations of increased and decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females2012

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 22 /2006
Title:
2006 Grants
Start date: 2007-01 - 2013-11
Dimension/support:
22 caixas de arquivo

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
161 - The relation of mind to body. Psychophysiological studies of the placebo effect
Duration: 2007-01 - 2010-05
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Oddmund Johansen, Terje Simonsen, Per M. Aslaksen, Peter Lyby, Espen Bjorkedal
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
2 Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Johansen, O., Simonsen, T., Aslaksen, P., Lyby, P., Bjørkedal, E.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2006-161.27
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2006
Title:
Expectations of increased and decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442740/pdf/jpr-5-289.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVE:
Chronic pain is believed to be related to a dysfunction of descending pain modulatory mechanisms. Functioning of descending pain modulation can be assessed by various methods, including conditioned pain modulation (CPM). CPM refers to the inhibition of one source of pain by a second noxious stimulus, termed the conditioning stimulus. This procedure can activate an endogenous pain inhibitory mechanism that inhibits early nociceptive processing. Chronic pain and anxiety disorders are more prevalent among females and it has been hypothesized that females react with more negative emotions towards unpleasant stimuli and this might be part of the explanation of greater pain sensitivity in females. The present study investigated whether expectations modulate the effect of conditioning stimulation on pain, subjective stress, and heart rate. In addition, we investigated whether the modulation of CPM by expectations differed between males and females.
METHODS:
Seventy-two subjects (including 36 women) received six noxious heat stimuli to the forearm. During three of these stimuli, a conditioning stimulus (cold-water bath) was applied to the contralateral arm in order to activate CPM. One third of the subjects were told that this would reduce pain (analgesia group), one-third that it would increase pain (hyperalgesia group), and one third received no information about its effect (no info group).
RESULTS:
Information that conditioning stimulation decreased or enhanced pain had the corresponding effect in females, but not in males. Conditioning stimulation increased stress, but not heart rate in females in the hyperalgesia group. A higher expectation of analgesia and lower stress during conditioning stimulation was associated with larger inhibitory CPM.
CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that reduced inhibitory CPM can be due to contextually induced cognitive and emotional factors and not necessarily a dysfunction of descending inhibitory pathways.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bjørkedal, E.
Secondary author(s):
Flaten, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bjørkedal, E., & Flaten, M. (2012). Expectations of increased and decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females. Journal of Pain Research, 5, 289-300. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S33559
Impact Factor: N/A
Impact factor notes: Impact factor computed since 2015
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Pain / Conditioned pain modulation / Expectancy / Placebo analgesia / Nocebo hyperalgesia

<!-- mm occ=1 guid=[7963d46241f592549f186c0c362a12c2] WebBehavior$=[3] -->
DocumentExpectations of increased and decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females2012

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2010
Title:
186 - Brain mechanisms of placebo analgesia
Duration: 2011-03 - 2014-01
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Per M. Aslaksen, Torgil R. Vangberg, Odd Petter Eldevik, Jan Bergdahl, Sara Vambheim, Just C. Thoner
Institution(s): University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form + 12 articles (previous project team publications)
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Aslaksen, P., Vangberg, T., Eldevik, O., Bergdahl, J., Vambheim, S., Thoner, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion / Brain structure and function

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186.16
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 10/2010
Title:
Expectations of increased and decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3442740/
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVE:
Chronic pain is believed to be related to a dysfunction of descending pain modulatory mechanisms. Functioning of descending pain modulation can be assessed by various methods, including conditioned pain modulation (CPM). CPM refers to the inhibition of one source of pain by a second noxious stimulus, termed the conditioning stimulus. This procedure can activate an endogenous pain inhibitory mechanism that inhibits early nociceptive processing. Chronic pain and anxiety disorders are more prevalent among females and it has been hypothesized that females react with more negative emotions towards unpleasant stimuli and this might be part of the explanation of greater pain sensitivity in females. The present study investigated whether expectations modulate the effect of conditioning stimulation on pain, subjective stress, and heart rate. In addition, we investigated whether the modulation of CPM by expectations differed between males and females.
METHODS:
Seventy-two subjects (including 36 women) received six noxious heat stimuli to the forearm. During three of these stimuli, a conditioning stimulus (cold-water bath) was applied to the contralateral arm in order to activate CPM. One third of the subjects were told that this would reduce pain (analgesia group), one-third that it would increase pain (hyperalgesia group), and one third received no information about its effect (no info group).
RESULTS:
Information that conditioning stimulation decreased or enhanced pain had the corresponding effect in females, but not in males. Conditioning stimulation increased stress, but not heart rate in females in the hyperalgesia group. A higher expectation of analgesia and lower stress during conditioning stimulation was associated with larger inhibitory CPM.
CONCLUSION:
These results suggest that reduced inhibitory CPM can be due to contextually induced cognitive and emotional factors and not necessarily a dysfunction of descending inhibitory pathways.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bjørkedal, E.
Secondary author(s):
Flaten, M.
Document type:
Article-d
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bjørkedal, E. & Flaten, M. A. (2012). Expectations of increased or decreased pain explain the effect of conditioned pain modulation in females. Journal of Pain Research, 5, 289-300. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S33559
Impact Factor: N/A
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Pain / Conditioned pain modulation / Expectations / Placebo analgesia / Nocebo hyperalgesia

<!-- mm occ=1 guid=[7963d46241f592549f186c0c362a12c2] WebBehavior$=[3] -->
DocumentA systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect2017

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2010
Title:
186 - Brain mechanisms of placebo analgesia
Duration: 2011-03 - 2014-01
Researcher(s):
Magne Arve Flaten, Per M. Aslaksen, Torgil R. Vangberg, Odd Petter Eldevik, Jan Bergdahl, Sara Vambheim, Just C. Thoner
Institution(s): University of Tromsø and University Hospital of North Norway, Tromso (Norway)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form + 12 articles (previous project team publications)
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Flaten, M.
Secondary author(s):
Aslaksen, P., Vangberg, T., Eldevik, O., Bergdahl, J., Vambheim, S., Thoner, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Pain / Emotion / Brain structure and function

<!-- vis-dbg web=[web] Visitor=[2] base=[fbial] -->
Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-186.19
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 10/2010
Title:
A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect
Publication year: 2017
URL:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5548268/
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES
The present review investigated whether there are systematic sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect.
METHODS
A literature search was conducted in multiple electronic databases. Studies were included if the study compared a group or condition where a placebo was administered to a natural history group or similar cohort.
RESULTS
Eighteen studies were identified – 12 on placebo effects and 6 on nocebo effects. Chi-square tests revealed that 1) males responded more strongly to placebo treatment, and females responded more strongly to nocebo treatment, and 2) males responded with larger placebo effects induced by verbal information, and females responded with larger nocebo effects induced by conditioning procedures.
CONCLUSION
This review indicates that there are sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effects, probably caused by sex differences in stress, anxiety, and the endogenous opioid system.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Vambheim, S.
Colectiv.Secondary author(s):
Flaten, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
86.60|1.70
Reference:
Vambheim, S. M. & Flaten, M. A. (2017). A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and the nocebo effect. Journal of Pain Research, 10, 1831-1839. https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S134745
Impact Factor: 2.645|2017
Times cited: 95|2026-02-08
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Placebo response / Nocebo response / Placebo analgesia / Nocebo hyperalgesia / Sex differences

<!-- mm occ=1 guid=[879c4d7027b5e5c7ba5948ee711afacc] WebBehavior$=[0] -->

A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effect

A systematic review of sex differences in the placebo and nocebo effect