Reference code: | PT/FB/BL-2006-167.01 |
Location: | Arquivo PCA - Pasta 13/2006
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Title:
| Final report - A study to assess the validity of applied kinesiology (AK) as a diagnostic tool and as a nonlocal proximity effect
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Publication year: | 2009
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URL:
| http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa167-06_03012014.pdf
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Abstract/Results: | ABSTRACT:
This study sought to answer the following: Is there a difference in muscular strength when individual holds substance inimical to life processes compared to substance essential for life? 2. Does effect involve input from person being measured, and kinesiologist doing measurement, or only person measured? 3. Is the result the same when different kinesiologists take measurement, or when no kinesiologist is involved? 4. Does belief, expectation, gender, or time cognition play a role?
METHODS:
Methods: 51 participants 3 trials: first kinesiologist, second kinesiologist, no kinesiologist testing using hand dynamometer. Each trial used pair of randomly numbered sealed vials, one vial saline solution, the other saline solution plus ionic hydroxlamine hydrochloride (NH3OH)+. Each trial involved a separate muscle test for each vial. All present blind to vial containing toxin. Kinesiologist force measured via pressure pad system.
RESULTS:
151 sets of trials toxic vial identified 80 times (53%), onetailed exact binomial p-value 0.258. Results kinesiologists: chance. Dynamometer results: chance. Testing whether significant difference in proportions for whom AK test worked based belief whether it would work non-significant chi-square value: 0.6 (p = 0.439) for trials with one kinesiologist, and 2.222 (p = 0.136) for hand dynamometer trials. Gender variable: no significant difference males and females, for trials of male kinesiologist or hand dynamometer, combined data for two female kinesiologists did reveal difference. Of 33 female sessions 15 successful (45%); 18 male sessions, 14 successful (78%) chi-square statistic: 4.96, p = 0.026. Given multiple testing chi-square results interpreted cautiously. Belief in whether or not AK test will work not significantly related to whether did work. Chi-square test time perception/correct vial choice: non-significant. Chi-square statistic using hand dynamometer data: 0.927, p-value = 0.629.
CONCLUSION:
Study and review of AK literature using QUADAS, STARD, JADAD and CONSORT suggest AK fails as reliable diagnostic tool upon which health decisions can be based.
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Accessibility: | Document exists in file
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Copyright/Reproduction:
| By permission
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Language:
| eng
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Author:
| Schwartz, S. A.
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Secondary author(s):
| Utts, J., Spottiswoode, J., Shade, C., Tully, L., Morris, W., Nachman, G.
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Document type:
| Final report
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Number of reproductions:
| 2
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Indexed document:
| No
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Keywords: | Parapsychology / Applied kinesiology / Muscle testing / Belief / Expectancy / Gender / Time perception / Nonlocal perception / Integrative medicine
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Final report - A study to assess the validity of applied kinesiology (AK) as a diagnostic tool and as a nonlocal proximity effect |