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DocumentWorking memory and neuroplasticity in older people: A behavioral and neurofunctional approach2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-286
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
286 - Getting the aging brain to train: A working memory and neurostimulation approach
Duration: 2017-06 - 2023-03
Researcher(s):
Adriana Sampaio, Ana Teixeira Santos, Sandra Carvalho, Jorge Leite, Ana Raquel, Felipe Fregni
Institution(s): Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga (Portugal); Spaulding-Labuschange Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Sampaio, A.
Secondary author(s):
Teixeira-Santos, A. C., Carvalho, S., Leite, J., Mesquita, A. R., Fregni, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Working memory training / Aging / Brain plasticity / Cognitive plasticity / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-286.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Working memory and neuroplasticity in older people: A behavioral and neurofunctional approach
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/76490
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Working memory training (WMT) has been used to promote neuroplasticity in older people and tDCS has been proposed to boost WMT effects. Nevertheless, there is not robust evidence of WMT effectiveness and the few studies assessing the combination of tDCS with WMT used cognitive tasks as endpoints. However, the use of different markers, as the event-related potentials (ERPs), can be useful to better understand the combined or individual effects of these interventions. Thus, the studies presented in this dissertation aimed to assess WMT effects, as well as, the add-on effects of tDCS. Given the need to use different endpoints to measures WMT-induced neuroplasticity, an additional aim was to assess if the ERPs can be used as indexes of fluid intelligence (Gf), a commonly assessed constructed to infer generalization of WMT. In the first study, we presented a meta-analysis on the effects of WMT in healthy elderly. Small significant and long-lasting gains were observed in working memory (WM), but not in short-term memory (STM) and Gf tasks. Type of training tasks, the adopted outcome measures, the training duration, and the total number of training hours moderated WMT effects. In the second study, we performed a systematic review on the uses of tDCS to boost WM in healthy older adults. The studies suggest that tDCS may modulate WM in this population, improving the accuracy and shortening the reaction time. In the third study, we performed a randomized double-blind controlled experiment to evaluate the effects of 5-day WMT coupled with tDCS in healthy older adults. Fifty-four participants were assigned to one of three groups: 1) WMT (dual n-back task)+active tDCS (atDCS); 2) WMT+sham tDCS (stDCS); or 3) sham task + sham tDCS. During the training, both groups that performed the dual n-back task (WMT+atDCS; WMT+stDCS) improved throughout sessions, with no significant differences between them. However, the “WMT+atDCS” was the only group that presented gains in Gf and verbal STM after training (i.e., next day after the intervention) and at follow-up (i.e., 15 days follow-up). Finally, in the fourth study, we explored whether ERP components (i.e., P2, P3b and the LPC - late positive complex) are associated with Gf in the elderly. Fifty-seven participants performed a continuous performance task and a visual oddball paradigm while EEG was recorded. They were divided into high-performance (HP) and low performance (LP) groups according to their performance in the Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices test (RAPM). HP group presented significant higher LPC amplitudes in the CPT and shorter P3b latencies in the oddball task when compared to the LP group.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Teixeira-Santos, A. C.
Document type:
Doctoral thesis
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Teixeira-Santos, A. C. (2020). Working memory and neuroplasticity in older people: A behavioral and neurofunctional
approach (Doctoral thesis in Basic Psychology, Escola de Psicologia, Universidade do Minho, Braga, Portugal). Retrieved at: https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/handle/1822/76490
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Fluid intelligence / Late positive complex / Older adults / P3b / tDCS / Working memory training

Working memory and neuroplasticity in older people: A behavioral and neurofunctional approach

Working memory and neuroplasticity in older people: A behavioral and neurofunctional approach
DocumentTask relevance modulates somatosensory awareness depending on stimulus intensity2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-174
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
174 - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception
Duration: 2023-03 - 2026-03
Researcher(s):
Pietro Avanzini, Maria Del Vecchio, Enrico Salemi, Annalisa Cassisi, Alice Giorgi
Institution(s): Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Parma (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Del Vecchio, M.
Secondary author(s):
Avanzini, P., Salemi, E., Cassisi, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Conscious perception / Electroencephalography / Tactile awareness / Brain connectivity / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-174.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Task relevance modulates somatosensory awareness depending on stimulus intensity
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70262
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Recent studies on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have proposed that the P3b component reflects higher order postperceptual processes, such as stimulus reporting and task relevance, whereas somatosensory awareness negativity (SAN) is more directly associated with somatosensory awareness. Despite growing evidence supporting this functional distinction, the omission of no-report conditions and controls for task demands hindered a clear separation between report- and task-related processes from those linked with somatosensory awareness. Here, we designed a simple experimental procedure that varied stimulus amplitude (set at individual sensory or motor thresholds) and task relevance (no-report stimulation, report + task-relevant stimuli, report + task-irrelevant stimuli) with two main objectives: first, to verify that P3b appears only when a report is required, being abolished in a no-report condition, and second, to determine the extent to which SAN is modulated by task requirements and stimulation amplitude. Our results closely link P3b with task relevance and show that SAN is indeed modulated by task relevance but only when stimuli are delivered at the verge of detection. In other words, task relevance influences conscious perception through an enhancement of the associated neural responses but only for stimuli challenging to detect. Overall, our findings provide evidence that P3b is closely associated with task relevance, remaining out of the correlates of sensory awareness. In parallel, SAN modulations serve as a useful proxy for awareness in experimental manipulations involving attentional factors but only when stimuli are delivered near the sensory threshold.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Giorgi, A.
Secondary author(s):
Bonomi, E., Salemi, E., Albertini, D., Zauli, F. M., Mikulan, E. P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
64.08|1.23
Reference:
Giorgi, A., Bonomi, E., Salemi, E., Albertini, D., Zauli, F. M., Mikulan, E. P., Pigorini, A., Avanzini, P., & Del Vecchio, M. (2025). Task relevance modulates somatosensory awareness depending on stimulus intensity. European Journal of Neuroscience, 62(6), e70262. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejn.70262
2-year Impact Factor: 2.4|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 1|2026-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: EEG / P3b / SAN / SEPs / Somatosensation / Tactile awareness

Task relevance modulates somatosensory awareness depending on stimulus intensity

Task relevance modulates somatosensory awareness depending on stimulus intensity
DocumentFinal report - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception2026

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-174
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
174 - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception
Duration: 2023-03 - 2026-03
Researcher(s):
Pietro Avanzini, Maria Del Vecchio, Enrico Salemi, Annalisa Cassisi, Alice Giorgi
Institution(s): Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - CNR, Institute of Neuroscience, Parma (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
Del Vecchio, M.
Secondary author(s):
Avanzini, P., Salemi, E., Cassisi, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Conscious perception / Electroencephalography / Tactile awareness / Brain connectivity / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-174.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception
Publication year: 2026
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Recent studies on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) have proposed that the P3b component reflects higher order postperceptual processes, such as stimulus reporting and task relevance, whereas somatosensory awareness negativity (SAN) is more directly associated with somatosensory awareness. Despite growing evidence supporting this functional distinction, the omission of no-report conditions and controls for task demands hindered a clear separation between report- and task-related processes from those linked with somatosensory awareness.
Aims
Verify that P3b appears only when a report is required, being abolished in a no-report condition, and second, to determine the extent to which SAN is modulated by task requirements and stimulation amplitude.
Methods
We designed a simple experimental procedure that varied stimulus amplitude (set at individual sensory or motor thresholds) and task relevance (no-report stimulation, report + task-relevant stimuli, report + task-irrelevant stimuli).
Results
Our results closely link P3b with task relevance and show that SAN is indeed modulated by task relevance but only when stimuli are delivered at the verge of detection. In other words, task relevance influences conscious perception through an enhancement of the associated neural responses but only for stimuli challenging to detect.
Conclusions
Overall, our findings provide evidence that P3b is closely associated with task relevance, remaining out of the correlates of sensory awareness. In parallel, SAN modulations serve as a useful proxy for awareness in experimental manipulations involving attentional factors but only when stimuli are delivered near the sensory threshold.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Avanzini, P.
Secondary author(s):
Del Vecchio, M., Salemi, E., Cassisi, A., Giorgi, A.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Avanzini, P., Del Vecchio, M., Salemi, E., Cassisi, A., & Giorgi, A. (2026). Final report - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: P3b / SAN / SEPs Awareness / Tactile

Final report - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception

Final report - Manipulating consciousness: The role of arousal and attention on conscious perception