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BIAL Foundation
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DocumentFinal report - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-123
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
123 - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being
Duration: 2021-02 - 2023-04
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Andrew Denovan
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Denovan, A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychopathology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-123.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being
Publication year: 2022
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Research investigating links between paranormal belief and reduced well-being has produced inconsistent findings. The most reliable outcome being an association between superstition and stress vulnerability. Accordingly, this project used a range of analytical techniques to further explore links between paranormal belief and reduced well-being.
AIMS
To identify profiles combining paranormal belief and psychopathological symptoms.
To develop and test models examining how emergent profiles relate to well-being over a sustained period (6 months).
METHOD
This project comprised six studies, using cross sectional and longitudinal methods. These surveyed participants via online self-report measures. Alongside the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale, participants completed a range of cognitive-perceptual, psychopathology-related, and well-being (e.g., Perceived Stress, Somatic Symptoms, Life Satisfaction, Depression Scale, Meaning in Life) measures.
RESULTS
A range of statistical procedures was used: Latent profile analysis, indirect effects, network analysis, longitudinal analysis.
Generally, findings indicated that general paranormal belief in the absence of high scores on cognitive-perceptual (i.e., transliminality) and psychopathology-related factors (i.e., schizotypy and manic-depressive experience) was not associated with lower well-being. Additionally, transliminality was a connecting variable between paranormal belief, positive schizotypy, and psychopathology. However, with regards to perceived stress, Traditional Paranormal Belief predicted higher distress and lower coping.
CONCLUSIONS
Paranormal belief, in the absence of related cognitive-perceptual and psychopathology-related factors, was not detrimental to well-being.
Accessibility: Document exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Denovan, A.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., & Denovan, A. (2022). Final report - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Psychopathology / Revised paranormal belief scale / Well-being / Psychological adjustment / Longitudinal

Final report - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being

Final report - A latent profile analysis and structural equation modelling of paranormal belief, psychopathological symptoms, and well-being
File051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement2023-062025-03

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology
DocumentFinal report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
051 - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Duration: 2023-06 - 2025-03
Researcher(s):
Neil Dagnall, Kenneth Drinkwater
Institution(s): Health, Psychology and Communities, Manchester Metropolitan University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Paranormal belief / Psychological adjustment / Positive psychology / Well-being / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-051.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement
Publication year: 2025
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Currently, there exists limited research examining relationships between paranormal belief & positive wellbeing. Moreover, since extant studies typically employ qualitative analysis, use small samples and focus on specific types of belief they have restricted generality. Noting these factors, this project explored associations (direct and indirect) between paranormal belief & measures allied to positive wellbeing.
Aims
To identify differences in believers by creating profile that combine paranormal belief & schizotypy. Then develop & test models examining how the emergent profiles relate to positive wellbeing over a sustained period (6 months).
Method
This project comprised four published studies, which used cross sectional & longitudinal methods. These surveyed participants via online self-report measures. Alongside the Revised Paranormal Belief and Paranormal Involvement scales, participants completed measures of schizotypy & positive wellbeing (e.g., Life Satisfaction, Self-Esteem, Meaning in Life, Creativity, Social Identity, & Optimism). To differentiate paranormal from other forms of scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs the researchers also included a brief measure of conspiracy theory endorsement.
Results
The researchers used a range of statistical procedures: Latent profile analysis, sequential mediation (indirect effects), network analysis, and multiple points to examine relationships and assess model stability over time. Findings indicated that paranormal belief was positively associated with factors related to positive wellbeing (e.g. Optimism, Active Coping, Presence of Meaning in Life, Creativity, Self-Esteem, Life Satisfaction, & Social Identity) and that effects were consistent across multiple points. Additionally, positive outcomes balanced relationships with outcomes affiliated with reduced wellbeing (i.e., Search for Meaning in Life, Avoidant Coping, Pessimism, & Conspiracy Endorsement). Illustratively, paranormal belief related to both Presence and Search for Meaning in Life. This suggested that paranormal belief concurrently represents a reaction to and a mechanism for resolving existential insecurities.
Conclusions
Paranormal belief that facilitates positive cognitions and perceptions such as validating life meaning and increasing self-esteem facilitates positive wellbeing.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dagnall, N.
Secondary author(s):
Drinkwater, K.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Dagnall, N., & Drinkwater, K. (2025). Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Paranormal belief / Well-being / Psychological adjustment / Scientifically unsubstantiated beliefs / Multiple time point

Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement

Final report - Enhanced well-being and psychological adjustment: The psychological benefits of paranormal endorsement