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DocumentThe influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-068
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2004
Title:
068 - The emotional Stroop effect: Cognitive, emotional, and physiological aspects
Duration: 2005-05 - 2007-07
Researcher(s):
Isabelle Blanchette, Anne Richards
Institution(s): University of Manchester (UK) e Birkbeck College, University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Blanchette, I.
Secondary author(s):
Richards, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Emotion / Cognitive processes

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-068.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2004
Title:
The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02699930903132496#.Ue-w_GxdYq4
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
In this paper, we examine whether affect influences higher level cognitive processes. We review research on the effect of emotion on interpretation, judgement, decision making, and reasoning. In all cases, we ask first whether there is evidence that emotion affects each of these processes, and second what mechanisms might underlie these effects. Our review highlights the fact that interpretive biases are primarily linked with anxiety, while more general mood-congruent effects may be seen in judgement. Risk perception is also affected by negative and positive affect. Research shows complex effects of emotion on decision making and reasoning, with emotion sometimes hindering normatively correct thinking and sometimes promoting it. There are also important effects of emotion on reasoning style. We discuss key differences between the effects of incidental affect (feeling states not related to the semantic contents of the cognitive task) and integral affect (where the feeling state is caused by or linked to the contents of the cognitive task). In the conclusion, we suggest that focusing on some of the constituent mechanisms involved in interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning provides a way to link some of the diverse findings in the field. We also highlight important areas for future research.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2004-68.05
Author: Blanchette, I.
Secondary author(s):
Richards, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2010). The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. Cognition & Emotion, 24(4), 561-595. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930903132496
2-year Impact Factor: 2.083|2010
Times cited: 441|2025-09-09
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Emotion / Reasoning / Interpretation / Judgement / Decision-making

The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning

The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning
DocumentThe influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 25/2004
Title:
2004 Grants
Start date: 2005-01 - 2012-09
Dimension/support:
25 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-068
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2004
Title:
068 - The emotional Stroop effect: Cognitive, emotional, and physiological aspects
Duration: 2005-05 - 2007-07
Researcher(s):
Isabelle Blanchette, Anne Richards
Institution(s): University of Manchester (UK) e Birkbeck College, University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Blanchette, I.
Secondary author(s):
Richards, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Emotion / Cognitive processes

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2004-068.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2004
Title:
The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning
Publication year: 2010
Accessibility:
Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2004-68.03
Author: Blanchette, I.
Secondary author(s):
Richards, A.
Document type:
Book chapter
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Blanchette, I., & Richards, A. (2010). The influence of affect on higher level cognition: A review of research on interpretation, judgement, decision making and reasoning. In J. De Houwer & D. Hermans (2010). Cognition and emotion: Reviews of current research and theories (pp. 276-324). Hove, UK: Psychology Press.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Emotion / Reasoning / Interpretation / Judgement / Decision-making
DocumentPure Reasoning in 12-Month-Old Infants as Probabilistic Inference2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-141
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 18/2008
Title:
141 - Neural and Computational Mechanisms of Conscious and Unconscious Decisions Under Uncertainty
Duration: 2009-10 - 2013-11
Researcher(s):
Edward Vul, Nancy Kanwisher, Joshua Tenenbaum
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, CA (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Language: eng
Author:
Vul, E.
Secondary author(s):
Kanwisher, N., Tenenbaum, J.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Perception / Attention / Decision-making / Brain structure and function / Body structure and function / Vision

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-141.07
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 18/2008
Title:
Pure Reasoning in 12-Month-Old Infants as Probabilistic Inference
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.sciencemag.org/content/332/6033/1054.abstract
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Many organisms can predict future events from the statistics of past experience, but humans also excel at making predictions by pure reasoning: integrating multiple sources of information, guided by abstract knowledge, to form rational expectations about novel situations, never directly experienced. Here, we show that this reasoning is surprisingly rich, powerful, and coherent even in preverbal infants. When 12-month-old infants view complex displays of multiple moving objects, they form time-varying expectations about future events that are a systematic and rational function of several stimulus variables. Infants’ looking times are consistent with a Bayesian ideal observer embodying abstract principles of object motion. The model explains infants’ statistical expectations and classic qualitative findings about object cognition in younger babies, not originally viewed as probabilistic inferences.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Téglás, E.
Secondary author(s):
Vul, E., Girotto, V., Gonzalez, M., Tenenbaum, J., Luca, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Téglás, E., Vul, E., Girotto, V., Gonzalez, M., Tenenbaum, J., & Luca, L. (2011). Pure Reasoning in 12-Month-Old Infants as Probabilistic Inference. Science, 332(6033), 1054-1059. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196404
2-year Impact Factor: 31.201|2011
Times cited: 193|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Infant / Probabilistic inference / Bayesian model / Reasoning

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro
DocumentWorking memory training coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults: A randomized controlled experiment2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-286
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
286 - Getting the aging brain to train: A working memory and neurostimulation approach
Duration: 2017-06 - 2023-03
Researcher(s):
Adriana Sampaio, Ana Teixeira Santos, Sandra Carvalho, Jorge Leite, Ana Raquel, Felipe Fregni
Institution(s): Psychology Research Center (CIPsi), School of Psychology, University of Minho, Braga (Portugal); Spaulding-Labuschange Neuromodulation Center, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital & Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Sampaio, A.
Secondary author(s):
Teixeira-Santos, A. C., Carvalho, S., Leite, J., Mesquita, A. R., Fregni, F.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Working memory training / Aging / Brain plasticity / Cognitive plasticity / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-286.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Working memory training coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults: A randomized controlled experiment
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnagi.2022.827188/full
Abstract/Results: Background: Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has been employed to boost working memory training (WMT) effects. Nevertheless, there is limited evidence on the efficacy of this combination in older adults. The present study is aimed to assess the delayed transfer effects of tDCS coupled with WMT in older adults in a 15-day follow-up. We explored if general cognitive ability, age, and educational level predicted the effects.
Methods: In this single-center, double-blind randomized sham-controlled experiment, 54 older adults were randomized into three groups: anodal-tDCS (atDCS)+WMT, sham-tDCS (stDCS)+WMT, and double-sham. Five sessions of tDCS (2 mA) were applied over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC). Far transfer was measured by Raven’s Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM), while the near transfer effects were assessed through Digit Span. A frequentist linear mixed model (LMM) was complemented by a Bayesian approach in data analysis.
Results: Working memory training improved dual n-back performance in both groups submitted to this intervention but only the group that received atDCS+WMT displayed a significant improvement from pretest to follow-up in transfer measures of reasoning (RAPM) and short-term memory (forward Digit Span). Near transfer improvements predicted gains in far transfer, demonstrating that the far transfer is due to an improvement in the trained construct of working memory. Age, formal education, and vocabulary score seem to predict the gains in reasoning. However, Bayesian results do not provide substantial evidence to support this claim.
Conclusion: This study will help to consolidate the incipient but auspicious field of cognitive training coupled with tDCS in healthy older adults. Our findings demonstrated that atDCS may potentialize WMT by promoting transfer effects in short-term memory and reasoning in older adults, which are observed especially at follow-up.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Teixeira-Santos, A. C.
Secondary author(s):
Moreira, C., Pereira, D., Pinal, D., Fregni, F., Leite, J., Carvalho, S., Sampaio, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Teixeira-Santos, A. C., Moreira, C., Pereira, D., Pinal, D., Fregni, F., Leite, J., Carvalho, S. & Sampaio, A. (2022). Working memory training coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults: A randomized controlled experiment. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 14, 827188. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.827188
2-year Impact Factor: 4.800|2022
Times cited: 15|2025-09-24
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: tDCS / Cognitive training / Working memory / Neuroplasticity / Older adults / Reasoning / Transfer effects

Working memory training coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults: A randomized controlled experiment

Working memory training coupled with transcranial direct current stimulation in older adults: A randomized controlled experiment
DocumentCognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-212
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
212 - Comparing cognitive styles among parapsychology researchers, psi-believers, and skeptics
Duration: 2021-03 - 2023-12
Researcher(s):
Marieta Pehlivanova, Bruce Greyson
Institution(s): Division of Perceptual Studies - DOPS, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Pehlivanova, M.
Secondary author(s):
Greyson, B.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Psi belief / Cognitive style / Parapsychologists / Skeptics / Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-212.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1398121
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Introduction: Belief in psi, which includes psychic phenomena such as extra-sensory perception and post-mortem survival, is widespread yet controversial. According to one of the leading and perhaps most tested hypotheses, high belief in psi can be explained by differences in various aspects of cognition, including cognitive styles. Most of this research has been conducted with lay individuals. Here, we tested the hypothesis that academic researchers who investigate psi may exhibit different cognitive styles than lay individuals interested in psi, and are more similar to skeptics.
Methods: We measured two cognitive styles—actively open-minded thinking (AOT) and the need for closure (NFC)—and assessed differences among four heterogeneous groups regarding belief in psi and involvement in related research. Specifically, our study included academic psi researchers (N = 44), lay individuals who believe in psi (N = 32), academics who are skeptics of psi (N = 35), and lay individuals who are skeptics (N = 33).
Results: We found group differences in AOT (p = 0.003) but not in NFC scores (p = 0.67). Post hoc tests showed no significant difference in AOT scores between academics who conduct psi research (4.5 ± 0.3) and academic skeptics (4.5 ± 0.3; p = 0.91) or lay skeptics (4.5 ± 0.4; p = 0.80). The lay psi group had significantly lower AOT scores (4.2 ± 0.4) than the other three groups (ps: 0.005–0.04), indicating a decreased willingness to consider a range of evidence when forming an opinion, including evidence that challenges their beliefs. AOT was negatively associated with psi belief in the two skeptic groups combined (r = -0.29, p = 0.01), but not in the psi groups (r = -0.03, p = 0.78).
Discussion: Our research shows that academics who work with psi differ from lay psi individuals, but not from skeptics, in actively open-minded thinking. In other words, despite their high belief in psi phenomena, psi researchers demonstrate a commitment to sound reasoning about evidence that is no different from that of skeptics.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pehlivanova, M.
Secondary author(s):
Pehlivanova, M., Pehlivanova, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Pehlivanova, M., Pehlivanova, M., & Pehlivanova, M. (2024). Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers. Frontiers in Psychology, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2024.1398121
2-year Impact Factor: 2.9|2024
Times cited: 1|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: paranormal belief / actively open-minded thinking / need for closure / scientific thinking / reasoning

Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers

Cognitive styles and psi: psi researchers are more similar to skeptics than to lay believers