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BIAL Foundation
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DocumentEEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-183
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
183 - Decoding the language of 'now': EEG microstates in experienced meditators, from letters to grammar
Duration: 2017-09 - 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Elena Antonova, Chrystopher Nehaniv
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London (UK); University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Antonova, E.
Secondary author(s):
Nehaniv, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) microstates / Meditation / Attention / Consciousness / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-183.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666956022000137?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
EEG microstates, reflecting discrete topographical organization of the EEG signal power, may have clinical relevance; however, their functional significance and test-retest reliability remain unclear. To investigate the functional significance of the canonical EEG microstate classes and their pairwise transitions, and to establish their within-session test-retest reliability, we recorded 36-channel EEGs in 20 healthy volunteers during three eyes-closed conditions: mind-wandering, verbalization (silently repeating the word ‘square’ every 2 s), and visualization (visualizing a square every 2 s). Each condition lasted 3 min and the sequence of three conditions was repeated four times (two runs of two sequence repetitions). The participants' alertness and their sense of effort during the experiment were rated using visual-analogue scales. The EEG data were 2–20 Hz bandpass-filtered and analysed into the four canonical microstate classes: A, B, C, and D. EEG microstate classes C and D were persistently more dominant than classes A and B in all conditions. Of the first-order microstate parameters, average microstate duration was most reliable. The duration of class D microstate was longer during mind-wandering (106.8 ms) than verbalization (102.2 ms) or visualization (99.8 ms), with a concomitantly higher coverage (36.4% vs. 34.7% and 35.2%), but otherwise there was no clear association of the four microstate classes to particular mental states. The test-retest reliability was higher at the beginning of each run, together with higher average alpha power and subjective ratings of alertness. Only the transitions between classes C and D (from C to D in particular) were significantly higher than what would be expected from the respective microstates' occurrences. The transition probabilities, however, did not distinguish between conditions, and their test-retest reliability was overall lower than that of the first-order parameters such as duration and coverage. Further studies are needed to establish the functional significance of the canonical EEG microstate classes. This might be more fruitfully achieved by looking at their complex syntax beyond pairwise transitions. To ensure greater test-retest reliability of microstate parameters, study designs should allow for shorter experimental runs with regular breaks, particularly when using EEG microstates as clinical biomarkers.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Antonova, E.
Secondary author(s):
Holding, M., Chak Suen, H., Sumich, A., Maex, R., Nehaniv, C.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Antonova, E., Holding, M., Chak Suen, H., Sumich, A., Maex, R., & Nehaniv, C. (2022). EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability. Neuroimage: Reports, 2(2), 100089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ynirp.2022.100089
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Times cited: N/A
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: EEG microstates / Resting-state EEG / Resting-state networks / Neuroimaging / Biomarkers / Mind-wandering

EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability

EEG microstates: Functional significance and short-term test-retest reliability
DocumentOngoing dynamics of peak alpha frequency characterize hypnotic induction in highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-280
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
280 - Probing the unconscious mind with instrumental hypnosis
Duration: 2018-06 - 2021-09
Researcher(s):
Mathieu Landry, Jérôme Sackur, Amir Raz
Institution(s): Laboratoire de Sciences Cognitives et Psycholinguistique, École Normale Supérieure, Paris (France); Raz Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, McGill University, Montreal (Canada)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Author: Landry, M.
Secondary author(s):
Sackur, J., Raz, A.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Hypnosis / Unconsciousness / Neurophysiology / De-automatization / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-280.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Ongoing dynamics of peak alpha frequency characterize hypnotic induction in highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090883
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Hypnotic phenomena exhibit significant inter-individual variability, with some individuals consistently demonstrating efficient responses to hypnotic suggestions, while others show limited susceptibility. Recent neurophysiological studies have added to a growing body of research that shows variability in hypnotic susceptibility is linked to distinct neural characteristics. Building on this foundation, our previous work identified that individuals with high and low hypnotic susceptibility can be differentiated based on the arrhythmic activity observed in resting-state electrophysiology (rs-EEG) outside of hypnosis. However, because previous work has largely focused on mean spectral characteristics, our understanding of the variability over time of these features, and how they relate to hypnotic susceptibility, is still limited. Here we address this gap using a time-resolved assessment of rhythmic alpha peaks and arrhythmic components of the EEG spectrum both prior to and following hypnotic induction. Using multivariate pattern classification, we investigated whether these neural features differ between individuals with high and low susceptibility to hypnosis. Specifically, we used multivariate pattern classification to investigate whether these non-stationary neural features could distinguish between individuals with high and low susceptibility to hypnosis before and after a hypnotic induction. Our analytical approach focused on time-resolved spectral decomposition to capture the intricate dynamics of neural oscillations and their non-oscillatory counterpart, as well as Lempel-Ziv complexity. Our results show that variations in the alpha center frequency are indicative of hypnotic susceptibility, but this discrimination is only evident during hypnosis. Highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals exhibit higher variability in alpha peak center frequency. These findings underscore how dynamic changes in neural states related to alpha peak frequency represent a central neurophysiological feature of hypnosis and hypnotic susceptibility.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Landry, M.
Secondary author(s):
da Silva Castanheira, J., Rousseaux, F., Rainville, P., Ogez, D., Jerbi, K.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Percentiles:
53.20|0.75
Reference:
Landry, M., da Silva Castanheira, J., Rousseaux, F., Rainville, P., Ogez, D., & Jerbi, K. (2024). Ongoing dynamics of peak alpha frequency characterize hypnotic induction in highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals. Brain Sciences, 14(9), 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14090883
2-year Impact Factor: 2.8|2024
Times cited: 3|2026-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Alpha frequency / Altered state of consciousness / Aperiodic activity / Arrhythmic activity / Classification / Hypnosis / Machine learning / Resting-state EEG / Spectral analysis

Ongoing dynamics of peak alpha frequency characterize hypnotic induction in highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals

Ongoing dynamics of peak alpha frequency characterize hypnotic induction in highly hypnotic-susceptible individuals
DocumentThe relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
033 - The influence of emotions on actions: Boosting brain network plasticity to ameliorate action control
Duration: 2023-10 - 2025-05
Researcher(s):
Sara Borgomaneri, Vincenzo Romei
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress Report
Final Report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Romei, V.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Action control / Emotions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation / Unconscious perception / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033.17
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.008
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Perceiving the duration of events is a fundamental ability for everyday life. Traditional research has focused on the role of alpha oscillations as an endogenous pacemaker for the human internal clock, yet there is limited evidence supporting this idea. An alternative hypothesis proposes that alpha oscillations may underlie a sampling mechanism, where higher alpha frequencies correspond to increased information sampling, resulting in more accurate temporal judgments. In this study, we tested the internal clock versus sampling rate hypothesis by examining the relationship between Individual Alpha Frequency (IAF) and fine-grained time perception. Using resting Electroencephalography (EEG) and Signal Detection Theory (SDT), fifty healthy volunteers performed a time-discrimination task with 100 and 500 ms standard durations. Our results demonstrate that temporal sensitivity (d’) but not temporal bias (c) is influenced by IAF, with higher IAF leading to more accurate time estimates (higher d’). The correlations were observed over frontocentral topographies consistent with previous reports of neural networks involved in time processing and were most pronounced at 100 ms relative to 500 ms, likely due to fluctuations in IAF across multiple cycles. In conclusion, our findings support the relationship between IAF and temporal sensitivity. These results challenge the pacemaker hypothesis and instead suggest a distributed mechanism where alpha oscillations enhance the precision of temporal sampling. Our study adds to the growing body of evidence highlighting the role of IAF in sensory sampling as a generative mechanism for temporal sensitivity as opposed to subjective time perception.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Frisoni, M.
Secondary author(s):
Tarasi, L., Borgomaneri, S., Romei, V.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
0.00|0.00
Reference:
Frisoni, M., Tarasi, L., Borgomaneri, S., & Romei, V. (2025). The relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis. Cortex, 192, 183-195. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2025.09.008
2-year Impact Factor: 3.3|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2026-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Time perception / Alpha oscillations / Resting-state EEG / Individual Alpha Frequency / Signal Detection Theory

The relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis

The relationship between individual alpha frequency and time perception: Testing the internal clock versus the sampling rate hypothesis