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Document

Enhanced Neural Responses to Rule Violation in Children with Autism: A Comparison to Social Exclusion

2011

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2008 Grants
    - 169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
      - Enhanced Neural Responses to Rule Violation in Children with Autism: A Comparison to Social Exclusion

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:	2008 Grants
Start date:	2009-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:	169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration:	2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):	Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s):	Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report Articles
Language:	eng
Author:	Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):	Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-169.03
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:	Enhanced Neural Responses to Rule Violation in Children with Autism: A Comparison to Social Exclusion
Publication year:	2011
URL:	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743819
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to explore the neural correlates of two characteristic deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD); social impairment and restricted, repetitive behavior patterns. To this end, we used comparable experiences of social exclusion and rule violation to probe potentially atypical neural networks in ASD. In children and adolescents with and without ASD, we used the interactive ball-toss game (Cyberball) to elicit social exclusion and a comparable game (Cybershape) to elicit a non-exclusive rule violation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we identified group differences in brain responses to social exclusion and rule violation. Though both groups reported equal distress following exclusion, the right insula and ventral anterior cingulate cortex were hypoactive during exclusion in children with ASD. In rule violation, right insula and dorsal prefrontal cortex were hyperactive in ASD. Right insula showed a dissociation in activation; it was hypoactive to social exclusion and hyperactive to rule violation in the ASD group. Further probed, different regions of right insula were modulated in each game, highlighting differences in regional specificity for which subsequent analyses revealed differences in patterns of functional connectivity. These results demonstrate neurobiological differences in processing social exclusion and rule violation in children with ASD.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Bolling, D.
Secondary author(s):	Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Kaiser, M., Wyk, B., Wu, J., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Bolling, D., Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Kaiser, M. D., . . . Pelphrey, K. (2011). Enhanced neural responses to rule violation in children with autism: A comparison to social exclusion. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.02.002
2-year Impact Factor:	3.160\|2011
Impact factor notes:	Impact factor computed since 2012
Times cited:	60\|2025-09-10
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Social exclusion / Rule violation / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) / Right insula / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
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Document

Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation

2011

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2008 Grants
    - 169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
      - Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:	2008 Grants
Start date:	2009-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:	169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration:	2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):	Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s):	Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress report Final report Articles
Language:	eng
Author:	Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):	Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-169.07
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:	Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation
Publication year:	2011
URL:	http://www.learningace.com/doc/1805433/c5e1c30f91a520fce21cd3ce3da9b8a7/dissociable-brain-mechanisms-for-processing-social-exclusion-and-rule-violation
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Social exclusion inherently involves an element of expectancy violation, in that we expect other people to follow the unwritten rule to include us in social interactions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we employed a unique modification of an interactive virtual ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (Williams et al., 2000) and a novel paradigm called "Cybershape," in which rules are broken in the absence of social exclusion, to dissociate brain regions that process social exclusion from rule violations more generally. Our Cyberball game employed an alternating block design and removed evoked responses to events when the participant was throwing the ball in inclusion to make this condition comparable to exclusion, where participants did not throw. With these modifications, we replicated prior findings of ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), insula, and posterior cingulate cortex activity evoked by social exclusion relative to inclusion. We also identified exclusion-evoked activity in the hippocampi, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus. Comparing social exclusion and rule violation revealed a functional dissociation in the active neural systems as well as differential functional connectivity with vACC. Some overlap was observed in regions differentially modulated by social exclusion and rule violation, including the vACC and lateral parietal cortex. These overlapping brain regions showed different activation during social exclusion compared to rule violation, each relative to fair play. Comparing activation patterns to social exclusion and rule violation allowed for the dissociation of brain regions involved in the experience of exclusion versus expectancy violation.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Bolling, D.
Secondary author(s):	Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Bolling, D., Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K. (2011). Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation. Neuroimage, 54(3), 2462-2471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.049
2-year Impact Factor:	5.895\|2011
Times cited:	111\|2025-09-10
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Social exclusion / Rule violation / Anterior cingulate cortex / Functional connectivity / Default mode network