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Document

Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices

2012

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2008 Grants
    - 032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
      - Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:	2008 Grants
Start date:	2009-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:	032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration:	2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):	Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s):	Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report Articles
Language:	eng
Author:	Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):	Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-032.04
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:	Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices
Publication year:	2012
URL:	http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060760
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The neural basis of decision-making is extremely complex due to the large number of factors that contribute to the outcome of even the most basic actions as well as the range of appropriate responses within many behavioral contexts. To better understand the neural processes underlying basic forms of decision-making, this study utilized an experiment that required a choice about whether to press a button with the right or left hand. These instances of decision-making were compared to identical button presses that were experimentally specified rather than selected by the subject. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was used to record neural activity during these-what are being termed-free and forced actions and differences in the MEG signal between these two conditions were attributed to the distinct forms of neural activity required to carry out the two types of actions. To produce instances of free and forced behavior, cued button-pressing experiments were performed that use visual, aural, and memorized cues to instruct experimental subjects of the expected outcome of individual trials. Classification analysis of the trials revealed that cortical regions that allowed for the most accurate classification of free and forced actions primarily handle sensory input for the modality used to cue the trials: occipital cortex for visually cued trials, temporal cortex for aurally cued trials, and minor non-localized differences in MEG activity for trials initiated from memory. The differential roles of visual and auditory sensory cortices during free and forced actions provided insight into the neural processing steps that were engaged to initiate cued actions. Specifically, it suggested that detectable differences exist in the activity of sensory cortices and their target sites when subjects performed free and forced actions in response to sensory cues.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Kostelecki, W.
Secondary author(s):	Mei, Y., Garcia Dominguez, L., Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Kostelecki, W., Mei, Y., Garcia Dominguez L, & Pérez Velázquez, J. L. (2012). Patterns of brain activity distinguishing free and forced actions: contribution from sensory cortices. Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience, 6(84), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnint.2012.00084
2-year Impact Factor:	N/A
Impact factor notes:	Impact factor computed since 2018
Times cited:	N/A
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	N/A
Keywords:	Decision-making / Free will / Granger causality / Magnetoencephalography / Single-trial classification
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Document

Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?

2012

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2008 Grants
    - 032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
      - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:	2008 Grants
Start date:	2009-01

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-032
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:	032 - Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Duration:	2009-04 - 2012-02
Researcher(s):	Jose Luis Perez Velazquez, Richard Wennberg, Luis Garcia Dominguez
Institution(s):	Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto (Canada)
Contents:	Contents: Bursary agreement Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report Articles
Language:	eng
Author:	Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):	Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Number of reproductions:	1
Keywords:	Psychophysiology / Cognitive processes / Decision-making / Brain structure and function

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2008-032.06
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2008
Title:	Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain?
Publication year:	2012
URL:	http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bial%20Sonhos%20Miolo_Total%20Bolsas.pdf
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Objectives: A fundamental topic in neuroscience is the nature of “free will” and how it is derived from neurophysiological processes. In this study, we investigate decision-making by examining the differences in brain activity underlying free and forced behaviours using magnetoencephalographic (MEG) recordings from subjects performing button pressing tasks that require them to exercise their choice by pushing one of two buttons in response to various cuing methods. Methods: MEG recordings were taken from participants who either act on a choice by pushing one of two buttons when cued to do so, or pushing one particular button in response to a specific instruction. The instructions for the types of button press were supplied using visual or verbal cues that were provided in real time, or using pre-specified cues that instructed the subject to press buttons in the order of a memorized sequence or to freely press buttons for a period of time. Analysis of the directionality of coupling between brain areas (but we work at the sensor level) was assessed using Granger causality. Results & Discussion: The greatest ability to discriminate (>80% classification accuracy) free and forced trials came from MEG sensors located over the primary sensory cortices specific for the modality used to cue each trial: either visual (occipital) or auditory (left temporal), and minor nonlocalized differences for trials that were pre-specified. Conclusions: These findings suggest that primary sensory areas play a crucial part of the information processing steps organizing the production of free and forced behaviours, and that, contrary to the current conceptualisation, fronto-parietal processes may not be the principal determinants of these actions.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Perez Velazquez, J. L.
Secondary author(s):	Wennberg, R., Garcia Dominguez, L.
Document type:	Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:	1
Reference:	Perez Velazquez, J.L., Wennberg, R., & Garcia Dominguez, L. (2012). Conscious will and voluntary actions: is there a last ventriloquist in the brain? In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium of Fundação Bial (p. 17/63). Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Choice-making / Free will / Magnetoencephalography / Single-trial classification
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