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DocumentFinal report - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Final report - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Publication year: 2011
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant16908.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
We examined the neural basis for social exclusion with a computer-based ball-tossing game called Cyberball to elicit social distress. Our ERP version of Cyberball documents its feasibility for studying social exclusion events in real time among adults and children. We examined the neural basis of childhood social exclusion with a dense-array EEG and extended the paradigm to a personally meaningful peer relationship.
AIMS OF THE STUDY
1) Explore the neural correlates of social exclusion of a child by two hypothetical peers; 2) Examine the neural correlates of social exclusion when one player is a childhood friend.
RESULTS
Study 1 found that social exclusion elicits a more negative frontal slow wave mainly reflected in theta oscillations. Greater frontal slow wave and theta power (400-800 ms) predict greater distress. Neural source modeling for rejection events was localized to the subgenual cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and insula. Study 2 found showed that stranger rejection was associated with larger P2 and positive slow wave ERP responses compared to exclusion by a best friend. Psychological distress prior to exclusion differentially moderated the effects of friend and stranger exclusion. Children with greater psychological distress were observed to have larger neural responses (larger P2 and slow wave) to exclusion by a stranger compared to exclusion by a friend. Psychological distress within the dyad differentially predicted the P2 and slow wave response.
CONCLUSIONS
Slow wave theta power for rejection events may be a neural signature of social exclusion by strangers. Familiarity changes the nature of Cyberball, engaging greater monitoring of a stranger among youth with greater distress.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Event-related potential (ERP) / Theta / Social exclusion / Children / Friends

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DocumentTemporal dynamics reveal atypical brain response to social exclusion in autism2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Temporal dynamics reveal atypical brain response to social exclusion in autism
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21731598
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Despite significant social difficulties, children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are vulnerable to the effects of social exclusion. We recorded EEG while children with ASD and typical peers played a computerized game involving peer rejection. Children with ASD reported ostracism-related distress comparable to typically developing children. Event-related potentials (ERPs) indicated a distinct pattern of temporal processing of rejection events in children with ASD. While typically developing children showed enhanced response to rejection at a late slow wave indexing emotional arousal and regulation, those with autism showed attenuation at an early component, suggesting reduced engagement of attentional resources in the aversive social context. Results emphasize the importance of studying the time course of social information processing in ASD; they suggest distinct mechanisms subserving similar overt behavior and yield insights relevant to development and implementation of targeted treatment approaches and objective measures of response to treatment.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
McPartland, J.
Secondary author(s):
Crowley, M., Perszyk, D., Naples, A., Mukerji, C., Wu, J., Molfese, P., Bolling, D., Pelphrey, K., Mayes, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
McPartland, J., Crowley, M., Perszyk, D., Naples, A., Mukerji, C., Wu, J., . . . & Mayes, L. (2011). Temporal dynamics reveal atypical brain response to social exclusion in autism. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 271-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.02.003
2-year Impact Factor: 3.160|2012
Impact factor notes: Impact factor computed since 2012
Times cited: 35|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Event-related potential (ERP) / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) / Social exclusion / Social neuroscience

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DocumentEnhanced Neural Responses to Rule Violation in Children with Autism: A Comparison to Social Exclusion2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Enhanced Neural Responses to Rule Violation in Children with Autism: A Comparison to Social Exclusion
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21743819
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The present study aimed to explore the neural correlates of two characteristic deficits in autism spectrum disorders (ASD); social impairment and restricted, repetitive behavior patterns. To this end, we used comparable experiences of social exclusion and rule violation to probe potentially atypical neural networks in ASD. In children and adolescents with and without ASD, we used the interactive ball-toss game (Cyberball) to elicit social exclusion and a comparable game (Cybershape) to elicit a non-exclusive rule violation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we identified group differences in brain responses to social exclusion and rule violation. Though both groups reported equal distress following exclusion, the right insula and ventral anterior cingulate cortex were hypoactive during exclusion in children with ASD. In rule violation, right insula and dorsal prefrontal cortex were hyperactive in ASD. Right insula showed a dissociation in activation; it was hypoactive to social exclusion and hyperactive to rule violation in the ASD group. Further probed, different regions of right insula were modulated in each game, highlighting differences in regional specificity for which subsequent analyses revealed differences in patterns of functional connectivity. These results demonstrate neurobiological differences in processing social exclusion and rule violation in children with ASD.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Bolling, D.
Secondary author(s):
Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Kaiser, M., Wyk, B., Wu, J., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bolling, D., Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Kaiser, M. D., . . . Pelphrey, K. (2011). Enhanced neural responses to rule violation in children with autism: A comparison to social exclusion. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 1(3), 280-294. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2011.02.002
2-year Impact Factor: 3.160|2011
Impact factor notes: Impact factor computed since 2012
Times cited: 60|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Social exclusion / Rule violation / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) / Right insula / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

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DocumentAttachment dismissal predicts frontal slow-wave ERPs during rejection by unfamiliar peers2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Attachment dismissal predicts frontal slow-wave ERPs during rejection by unfamiliar peers
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22251047
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Attachment representations are thought to provide a cognitive-affective template, guiding the way individuals interact with unfamiliar social partners. To examine the neural correlates of this process, we sampled event-related potentials (ERPs) during exclusion by unfamiliar peers to differentiate insecure-dismissing from securely attached youth, as indexed by the child attachment interview. Thirteen secure and 10 dismissing 11- to 15-year-olds were ostensibly connected with two peers via the Internet to play a computerized ball-toss game. Actually, peers were computer generated, first distributing the ball evenly, but eventually excluding participants. Afterward children rated their distress. As in previous studies, distress was related to a negative left frontal slow wave (500-900 ms) during rejection, a waveform implicated in negative appraisals and less approach motivation. Though attachment classifications were comparable in frontal ERPs and distress, an attachment-related dismissal dimension predicted a negative left frontal slow wave during rejection, suggesting that high dismissal potentially involves elevated anticipation of rejection. As expected, dismissal and self-reported distress were uncorrelated. Yet, a new approach to quantifying the dissociation between self-reports and rejection-related ERPs revealed that dismissal predicted underreporting of distress relative to ERPs. Our findings imply that evaluations and regulatory strategies linked to attachment generalize to distressing social contexts in early adolescence.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
White, L.
Secondary author(s):
Wu, J., Borelli, J., Rutherford, H., David, D., Kim-Cohen, J., Mayes, L., Crowley, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
White, L. O., Wu, J., Borelli, J. L., Rutherford, H. J. V., David, D. H., Kim-Cohen, J., . . . Crowley, M. J. (2012). Attachment dismissal predicts frontal slow-wave ERPs during rejection by unfamiliar peers. Emotion, 12(4), 690-700. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026750
2-year Impact Factor: 3.269|2012
Times cited: 53|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Attachment / Event-related potential (ERP) / Social exclusion / Social neuroscience / Adolescence

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DocumentSocial exclusion in middle childhood: rejection events, slow-wave neural activity, and ostracism distress2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Social exclusion in middle childhood: rejection events, slow-wave neural activity, and ostracism distress
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20628967
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
This study examined neural activity with event-related potentials (ERPs) in middle childhood during a computer-simulated ball-toss game, Cyberball. After experiencing fair play initially, children were ultimately excluded by the other players. We focused specifically on “not my turn” events within fair play and rejection events within social exclusion. Dense-array ERPs revealed that rejection events are perceived rapidly. Condition differences (“not my turn” vs. rejection) were evident in a posterior ERP peaking at 420 ms consistent, with a larger P3 effect for rejection events indicating that in middle childhood rejection events are differentiated in <500 ms. Condition differences were evident for slow-wave activity (500-900 ms) in the medial frontal cortical region and the posterior occipital-parietal region, with rejection events more negative frontally and more positive posteriorly. Distress from the rejection experience was associated with a more negative frontal slow wave and a larger late positive slow wave, but only for rejection events. Source modeling with Geosouce software suggested that slow-wave neural activity in cortical regions previously identified in functional imaging studies of ostracism, including subgenual cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex, and insula, was greater for rejection events vs. “not my turn” events.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Wu, J., Molfese, P., Mayes, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Crowley, M., Wu, J., Molfese, P., & Mayes, L. (2010). Social exclusion in middle childhood: Rejection events, slow-wave neural activity, and ostracism distress. Social Neuroscience, 5(5-6), 483-495. https://doi.org/10.1080/17470919.2010.500169
2-year Impact Factor: 2.823|2010
Times cited: 65|2025-09-09
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Social exclusion / Social rejection / Middle childhood / Event-related potential (ERP) / Source modeling

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DocumentDevelopment of Neural Systems for Processing Social Exclusion from Childhood to Adolescence2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Development of Neural Systems for Processing Social Exclusion from Childhood to Adolescence
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/22010901
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Adolescence is a period of development in which peer relationships become especially important. A computer-based game (Cyberball) has been used to explore the effects of social exclusion in adolescents and adults. The current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study used Cyberball to extend prior work to the cross-sectional study of younger children and adolescents (7 to 17 years), identifying age-related changes in the neural correlates of social exclusion across the important transition from middle childhood into adolescence. Additionally, a control task illustrated the specificity of these age-related changes for social exclusion as distinct from expectancy violation more generally. During exclusion, activation in and functional connectivity between ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and ventral anterior cingulate cortex increased with age. These effects were specific to social exclusion and did not exist for expectancy violation. Our results illustrate developmental changes from middle childhood through adolescence in both affective and regulatory brain regions during social exclusion.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bolling, D.
Secondary author(s):
Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bolling, D., Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K. (2011). Development of Neural Systems for Processing Social Exclusion from Childhood to Adolescence. Developmental Science, 14(6), 1431-1444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2011.01087.x
2-year Impact Factor: 3.888|2011
Times cited: 96|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Social exclusion / Adolescence / Middle childhood / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) / Neural correlates

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Novo ficheiro
DocumentDissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.07
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.learningace.com/doc/1805433/c5e1c30f91a520fce21cd3ce3da9b8a7/dissociable-brain-mechanisms-for-processing-social-exclusion-and-rule-violation
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Social exclusion inherently involves an element of expectancy violation, in that we expect other people to follow the unwritten rule to include us in social interactions. In this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we employed a unique modification of an interactive virtual ball-tossing game called "Cyberball" (Williams et al., 2000) and a novel paradigm called "Cybershape," in which rules are broken in the absence of social exclusion, to dissociate brain regions that process social exclusion from rule violations more generally. Our Cyberball game employed an alternating block design and removed evoked responses to events when the participant was throwing the ball in inclusion to make this condition comparable to exclusion, where participants did not throw. With these modifications, we replicated prior findings of ventral anterior cingulate cortex (vACC), insula, and posterior cingulate cortex activity evoked by social exclusion relative to inclusion. We also identified exclusion-evoked activity in the hippocampi, left ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and left middle temporal gyrus. Comparing social exclusion and rule violation revealed a functional dissociation in the active neural systems as well as differential functional connectivity with vACC. Some overlap was observed in regions differentially modulated by social exclusion and rule violation, including the vACC and lateral parietal cortex. These overlapping brain regions showed different activation during social exclusion compared to rule violation, each relative to fair play. Comparing activation patterns to social exclusion and rule violation allowed for the dissociation of brain regions involved in the experience of exclusion versus expectancy violation.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Bolling, D.
Secondary author(s):
Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., McPartland, J., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Bolling, D., Pitskel, N., Deen, B., Crowley, M., Mayes, L., Pelphrey, K. (2011). Dissociable brain mechanisms for processing social exclusion and rule violation. Neuroimage, 54(3), 2462-2471. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.10.049
2-year Impact Factor: 5.895|2011
Times cited: 111|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Social exclusion / Rule violation / Anterior cingulate cortex / Functional connectivity / Default mode network
DocumentExclusion and micro-rejection: event-related potential response predicts mitigated distress2009

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.08
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Exclusion and micro-rejection: event-related potential response predicts mitigated distress
Publication year: 2009
URL:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19829163
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
We studied time-based neural activity with event-related potentials (ERPs) in young adults during a computer-simulated ball-toss game. Experiencing fair play initially, participants were ultimately excluded by other players. Dense-array ERPs showed time-dependent associations between slow-wave activity (580-900 ms) in left prefrontal/medial frontal cortical regions for exclusion events and self-reported distress. More subtle 'micro-rejections' during fair play showed a similar distress to ERP association (420-580 ms). In both cases, greater positive amplitude neural activity was associated with less post-exclusion distress. Findings suggest that rapidly occurring neural responses to social exclusion events are linked to individual differences in ostracism-related distress. Relations emerged even during fair play, providing a window into the neural basis of more subtle social-cognitive perceptual processes.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
McCarty, E., Bailey, C., Mayes, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Crowley, M., Wu, J., McCarty, E., David, D., Bailey, C., Mayes, L. (2009). Exclusion and micro-rejection: event-related potential response predicts mitigated distress. Neuroreport, 20(17), 1518-1522. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNR.0b013e328330377a
2-year Impact Factor: 1.805|2009
Times cited: 40|2025-09-09
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Event-related potential (ERP) / Social exclusion / Social neuroscience
DocumentWhen Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG2012

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.10
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Publication year: 2012
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bial%20Sonhos%20Miolo_Total%20Bolsas.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Objectives: Across two studies we explored the neural correlates of social exclusion during a ball
toss game between a child and two hypothetical peers and when social exclusion involved a
childhood friend.
Methods: Event-related potentials (ERPs) were assessed during a computer-simulated ball-toss
game, Cyberball. This game simulated equal throws among players “fair play” and then a social
exclusion experience, when the child subject was left out of the game. This occurred between a
child 8-12 yrs. and two fictitious peers (Study 1), or between a child subject, a close childhood
friend and a fictitious peer (Study 2). Hurt feelings were assessed with an ostracism distress
measure in both studies. Study 2 also incorporated a new scale, the Friendship Distress
Questionnaire (FDQ).
Results: In Study 1, ERPs revealed that rejection events are perceived rapidly, evident in a
posterior ERP peaking at 420 ms, consistent with a larger P3 effect for rejection events. Condition
differences for rejection versus “not my turn” events were evident for slow-wave activity (500-900
ms) in the medial frontal cortical region. Distress from the rejection experience predicted a more
negative frontal slow wave. Source modeling suggested that slow wave neural activity for rejection
events originated from subgenual cortex, ventral anterior cingulate cortex and insula. Study 2
revealed that the traditional ostracism measure did not predict neural response among children
who were best friends. Instead distress assessed by the FDQ predicted a frontal slow wave neural
response among children who were excluded by their best friend.
Conclusions: The detection of a social exclusion event appears in less than ½ second. Cortical slow
wave activity predicts degree of felt exclusion. When exclusion emerges from a friendship, themes
assessed such as breach of trust and unfairness predicted cortical slow wave activity, whereas
global distress did not. This outcome suggests that different processes may be engaged when
social exclusion involves a close friend.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Crowley, M., Mayes, L., & Bailey, C. (2012). When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG. In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 9th Symposium of Fundação Bial (p. 51/63). Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Event-related potential (ERP) / Social exclusion / Children

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro
DocumentSocial exclusion modulates event-related frontal theta and tracks ostracism distress in children2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
169 - When Rejection Hurts: Probing the Neural Basis of Childhood Social Exclusion with a Dense-array EEG
Duration: 2009-02 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Michael J. Crowley, Linda C. Mayes, Christopher A. Bailey
Institution(s): Yale Child Study Center, New Haven (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Crowley, M.
Secondary author(s):
Mayes, L., Bailey, C.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Affective and social behavior / Social interaction/norms / Brain structure and function

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-169.12
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 14/2008
Title:
Social exclusion modulates event-related frontal theta and tracks ostracism distress in children
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053811915004759
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Social exclusion is a potent elicitor of distress. Previous studies have shown that medial frontal theta oscillations are modulated by the experience of social exclusion. Using the Cyberball paradigm, we examined event-related dynamics of theta power in the EEG at medial frontal sites while children aged 8–12 years were exposed to conditions of fair play and social exclusion. Using an event-related design, we found that medial frontal theta oscillations (4–8 Hz) increase during both early (i.e., 200–400 ms) and late (i.e., 400–800 ms) processing of rejection events during social exclusion relative to perceptually identical “not my turn” events during inclusion. Importantly, we show that only for the later time window (400–800 ms) slow-wave theta power tracks self-reported ostracism distress. Specifically, greater theta power at medial frontal sites to “rejection” events predicted higher levels of ostracism distress. Alpha and beta oscillations for rejection events were unrelated to ostracism distress at either 200–400 ms or 400–800 ms time windows. Our findings extend previous studies by showing that medial frontal theta oscillations for rejection events are a neural signature of social exclusion, linked to experienced distress in middle childhood.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Van Noordt, S.
Secondary author(s):
White, L., Wu, J., Mayes, L., Crowley, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Van Noordt, S., White, L., Wu, J., Mayes, L., & Crowley, M. (2015). Social exclusion modulates event-related frontal theta and tracks ostracism distress in children. NeuroImage, 118, 248-255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.05.085
2-year Impact Factor: 5.463|2015
Times cited: 41|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Theta oscillations / Social exclusion / Ostracism / Medial frontal cortex / Children / Event-related spectral perturbations
DocumentNeural and behavioral correlates of sacred values and vulnerability to violent extremism2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-163
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
163 - Sacred Values underlying Conflict Proneness: A neuroimaging study of religious and nationalist radicals
Duration: 2015-02 - 2019-04
Researcher(s):
Adolf Tobena, Clara Pretus, Joseph Hilferty, Oscar Vilarroya, Scott Atran
Institution(s): Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine UAB, Bellaterra Campus (Spain)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Tobena, A.
Secondary author(s):
Petrus, C., Hilferty, J., Vilarroya, O., Atran, S.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Neuroimage / Sacred values / Social conflict / Devoted actors / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-163.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Neural and behavioral correlates of sacred values and vulnerability to violent extremism
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02462/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Violent extremism is often explicitly motivated by commitment to abstract ideals such as the nation or divine law—so-called “sacred” values that are relatively insensitive to material incentives and define our primary reference groups. Moreover, extreme pro-group behavior seems to intensify after social exclusion. This fMRI study explores underlying neural and behavioral relationships between sacred values, violent extremism, and social exclusion. Ethnographic fieldwork and psychological surveys were carried out among 535 young men from a European Muslim community in neighborhoods in and around Barcelona, Spain. Candidates for an fMRI experiment were selected from those who expressed willingness to engage in or facilitate, violence associated with jihadist causes; 38 of whom agreed to be scanned. In the scanner, participants were assessed for their willingness to fight and die for in-group sacred values before and after an experimental manipulation using Cyberball, a toss ball game known to yield strong feelings of social exclusion. Results indicate that neural activity associated with sacred value processing in a sample vulnerable to recruitment into violent extremism shows marked activity in the left inferior frontal gyrus, a region previously associated with sacred values and rule retrieval. Participants also behaviorally expressed greater willingness to fight and die for sacred versus nonsacred values, consistent with previous studies of combatants and noncombatants. The social exclusion manipulation specifically affected nonsacred values, increasing their similarities with sacred values in terms of heightened left inferior frontal activity and greater expressed willingness to fight and die. These findings suggest that sacralization of values interacts with willingness to engage in extreme behavior in populations vulnerable to radicalization. In addition, social exclusion may be a relevant factor motivating violent extremism and consolidation of sacred values. If so, counteracting social exclusion and sacralization of values should figure into policies to prevent radicalization.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pretus, C.
Secondary author(s):
Hamid, N., Sheikh, H., Ginges, J., Tobeña, A., Davis, R., Vilarroya, O., Atran, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pretus, C., Hamid, N., Sheikh, H., Ginges, J., Tobeña, A., Davis, R., Vilarroya, O., & Atran, S. (2018). Neural and behavioral correlates of sacred values and vulnerability to violent extremism. Frontiers in Psychology, 9: 2462. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02462
2-year Impact Factor: 2.129|2018
Times cited: 45|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Sacred values / Will to fight / Social exclusion / Cyberball / Neuroimaging / fMRI / Radicalization / Violent extremism

Neural and behavioral correlates of sacred values and vulnerability to violent extremism

Neural and behavioral correlates of sacred values and vulnerability to violent extremism
DocumentYou are fired! Exclusion words induce corticospinal modulations associated with vicarious pain2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-347
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
347 - Driving synaptic plasticity in motor-to-visual neural pathways to enhance action prediction
Duration: 2019-10 - 2023-06
Researcher(s):
Alessio Avenanti, Marco Zanon
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Avenanti, A.
Secondary author(s):
Zanon, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Action observation / Prediction / Plasticity / Connectivity / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-347.29
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
You are fired! Exclusion words induce corticospinal modulations associated with vicarious pain
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://academic.oup.com/scan/article/doi/10.1093/scan/nsad033/7188152?login=false
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Self- and vicarious experience of physical pain induces inhibition of the motor cortex (M1). Experience of social rejections recruits the same neural network as physical pain; however, whether social pain modulates M1 corticospinal excitability remains unclear. This study examines for the first time whether social exclusion words, rather than simulated social exclusion tasks, modulate embodied sensorimotor networks during the vicarious experience of others' pain. Participants observed visual sequences of painful and functional events ending with a superimposed word with social exclusion, social inclusion or non-social meaning. Motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left M1 were recorded at 400 or 550 ms from word onset. MEPs tended to inhibit during the observation of pain, relative to functional events. Moreover, MEPs recorded at 400 ms from word onset, during pain movies, decreased following the presentation of exclusion, relative to inclusion/neutral words. The magnitude of these two modulations marginally correlated with participants' interindividual differences in personal distress and self-esteem. These findings provide evidence of vicarious responses to others' pain in the M1 corticospinal system and enhancement of such vicarious response in the earlier phases of semantic processing of exclusion words-supporting activation of social pain-embodied representations.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Vitale, F.
Secondary author(s):
Urrutia, M., Avenanti, A., de Vega, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Vitale, F., Urrutia, M., Avenanti, A., & de Vega, M. (2023). You are fired! Exclusion words induce corticospinal modulations associated with vicarious pain. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 18(1), nsad033. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsad033
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2023
Times cited: 7|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Transcranial magnetic stimulation / Language / Social exclusion / Self-esteem / Empathy for pain