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Document"They daren't tell people": Therapists experiences of working with clients who report anomalous experiences2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-108
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
108 - Clinical parapsychology: Counselling experiences of clients who report anomalous experiences and the training needs of therapists
Duration: 2013-07 - 2015-10
Researcher(s):
Elizabeth Roxburgh
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes (CSAPP), Division of Psychology, School of Social Sciences,The University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
2 Articles (submitted)
Language: eng
Author:
Roxburgh, E. C.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Intervention

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-108.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 8/2012
Title:
"They daren't tell people": Therapists experiences of working with clients who report anomalous experiences
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642537.2016.1170059?journalCode=rejp20
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES
This study explored the experiences of therapists who have worked with clients reporting anomalous experiences (AEs) to consider how they addressed such issues in therapy sessions. An AE is defined as ‘an uncommon experience (e.g. synesthesia) or one that, although it may be experienced by a significant number of persons (e.g. psi experiences), is believed to deviate from ordinary experience or from the usually accepted explanations of reality according to Western mainstream science’.
METHOD
Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with eight therapists who had worked with at least one client who had reported an AE in therapy. An inductive thematic analysis was conducted on transcripts.
RESULTS
Four themes were derived from participants’ data, which were labelled using short participant extracts: ‘Testing the waters’, ‘Exploration not explanation’, ‘It’s special but it’s not unique’ and ‘Forewarned and forearmed’.
CONCLUSIONS
Participants felt that clients were apprehensive about disclosure of AEs due to fears about how AEs might be interpreted. Findings highlight the importance of therapists exploring the meaning of AEs with clients, rather than imposing an explanation and having access to accurate and reliable information about AEs.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Roxburgh, E. C.
Secondary author(s):
Evenden, R.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Percentiles:
45.00|0.49
Reference:
Roxburgh, E. C., & Evenden, R. E. (2016). “They daren’t tell people”: Therapists experiences of working with clients who report anomalous experiences [Special Issue: ‘What is paranormal: Some implications for the psychological therapies?’]. European Journal of Psychotherapy and Counselling, 18, 123-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642537.2016.1170059
2-year Impact Factor: N/A
Impact factor notes: Impact factor only available since 2022
Times cited: 13|2026-02-06
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: N/A
Keywords: Anomalous experiences / Client / Counsellor / Therapist / Thematic analysis
DocumentTherapists feelings of rightness and need for information: The role of backward and forward judgments2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
085 - The Clinical Gut: Examining the cognitive processes and neural underpinnings of judgments, feelings of rightness and its impact on information seeking
Duration: 2015-05 - 2021-02
Researcher(s):
Ana Sofia Bilreiro Jacinto Braga, Anne Krendl, Cara Charissa Lewis, Cilia Witteman, Elizabeth Collins, João Braga
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences - Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Krendl, A., Lewis, C., Wittmann, C., Ferreira, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Feelings of Rightness / Information Seeking / Clinical Judgment / Hypotheses Testing / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Therapists feelings of rightness and need for information: The role of backward and forward judgments
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.google.pt/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0ahUKEwisqOLt5_XNAhWL7xQKHddlBo0QFggbMAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.appe.pt%2Fencontro%2Ffiles%2FProgramaAPPE-2016-Completo.pdf&usg=AFQjCNG2vE-1d-koBkIMtPRR13jE8wOzhw&sig2=2TT2bo6wb-eCpOULIp9frg&bvm=bv.127178174,d.d24
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Inferential processes, such as backward (causal) and forward (predictive) inferences, underlie the majority of judgments made by psychotherapists. Such judgments are then used to guide the psychotherapeutic process. In one experiment, psychology students generated a series of inferential judgments about a hypothetical client. Despite the assumed greater uncertainty associated with Forward inferences (FI) , there were no higher feelings of rightness (Thompson et al., 2012) associated with these judgments' outcomes when compared to backward inferences (BI). However, participants were more willing to use their BI than their FI outcomes to prepare their future clinical work. The role of therapists' metacognition is discussed
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Ferreira, M., Braga, J.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Jacinto, S., Ferreira, M., & Braga, J. (2016, April). Therapists feelings of rightness and need for information: The role of backward and forward judgments. Paper presented at the 11º Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia Experimental, Lisboa. Portugal.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Therapist / Judgement / Feeling of rightness

Therapists feelings of rightness and need for information: The role of backward and forward judgments

Therapists feelings of rightness and need for information: The role of backward and forward judgments
DocumentFeeling clínico em julgamentos de causalidade: O papel da confiança metacognitiva na procura de informação2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
085 - The Clinical Gut: Examining the cognitive processes and neural underpinnings of judgments, feelings of rightness and its impact on information seeking
Duration: 2015-05 - 2021-02
Researcher(s):
Ana Sofia Bilreiro Jacinto Braga, Anne Krendl, Cara Charissa Lewis, Cilia Witteman, Elizabeth Collins, João Braga
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences - Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Krendl, A., Lewis, C., Wittmann, C., Ferreira, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Feelings of Rightness / Information Seeking / Clinical Judgment / Hypotheses Testing / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Feeling clínico em julgamentos de causalidade: O papel da confiança metacognitiva na procura de informação
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://appsicologia.org/Files_9Snip/livro_de_resumos.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Numa sessão clínica, a dificuldade em decompor a informação favorece o uso da intuição por parte do terapeuta, podendo levar a sobreconfiança (e.g., Koriat, 2012, ompson et al., 2012) e procura confirmatória de informação, comprometendo a eficácia da terapia. Esta tendência pode ser contrariada pelo tipo de julgamento causal. Inferências prospectivas (previsões de efeitos), associadas a maior incerteza do que inferências retrospectivas (explicações causais) (Hogarth, 2010), devem diminuir a confiança e promover uma estratégia infirmatória de procura de informação. Para testar estas hipóteses, manipulamos a direcção causal da inferência. No estudo 1 (inter-participantes), após a apresentação de um caso, os participantes fazem julgamentos sobre possíveis causas ou possíveis efeitos dos sintomas; seguidamente, avaliam a confiança nos seus julgamentos. O estudo 2, replica o estudo 1 e avança na compreensão dos processos subjacentes à procura de informação. Num design intra-participantes, depois da apresentação do caso e das medidas de confiança, é pedido aos participantes a probabilidade de vários diagnósticos; e os sintomas sobre os quais querem mais informação. Tal como esperado, inferências prospectivas levam a maior confiança e a estratégias mais,confirmatórias da informação. Formas de reduzir a confiança nos julgamentos clínicos são discutidas.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
por
Author:
Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Ferreira, M., Braga, J., Ferreira, M.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Jacinto, S., Ferreira, M., Braga, J., Ferreira, M. (2016). Feeling clínico em julgamentos de causalidade: O papel da confiança metacognitiva na procura de informação. In Reis, A., Nunes, C., Lopes, D., Gonçalves, G., Giger, J-C., Faísca, L., & Garrido, M. V. (Orgs.), Livro de Resumos do IX Simpósio Nacional de Investigação em Psicologia (p. 73). Lisboa: Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Therapist / Judgement / Feeling of rightness

Feeling clínico em julgamentos de causalidade: O papel da confiança metacognitiva na procura de informação

Feeling clínico em julgamentos de causalidade: O papel da confiança metacognitiva na procura de informação
DocumentDiagnostic inference: No cure for correspondence bias2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
085 - The Clinical Gut: Examining the cognitive processes and neural underpinnings of judgments, feelings of rightness and its impact on information seeking
Duration: 2015-05 - 2021-02
Researcher(s):
Ana Sofia Bilreiro Jacinto Braga, Anne Krendl, Cara Charissa Lewis, Cilia Witteman, Elizabeth Collins, João Braga
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences - Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Krendl, A., Lewis, C., Wittmann, C., Ferreira, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Feelings of Rightness / Information Seeking / Clinical Judgment / Hypotheses Testing / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085.07
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Diagnostic inference: No cure for correspondence bias
Publication year: 2017
URL:
http://www.uib.no/sites/w3.uib.no/files/attachments/program_cdm-workshop.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Mental health practitioners should categorize behaviors representative of a mental health disorder as situational symptoms and not as dispositional traits (DSM-5). However, people tend to show a correspondence bias, to draw dispositional inferences from behavior, while neglecting alternative contextual explanations (Gilbert & Malone, 1995). But are able to discount (insufficiently) the role of the implied trait in the production of the behavior when a condition present in the situation could clearly induce the behavior by itself (Gilbert 2002). This correction process has been shown only with situational conditions that by themselves
would never bring to mind the inferred trait. However, psychotherapy contexts may posit the case where a situational condition such as a disorder diagnosis may not only afford a competing causal account of the behavior (situational symptom), but may also activate the implied trait. This case has never been contemplated.
Three studies were conducted to explore this question. We presented trait-implicative paragraphs that also matched a disorder diagnosis (e.g., lazy – depression), and manipulated the behavior account (neutral, physical impairment, disorder diagnosis). Main
dependent measures were participants’ trait ratings of the implicated traits (complemented by ratings of behavioral perceived stability, control and attribution). Studies 1 and 2 show that the disorder diagnosis lead to almost no trait discount. The first two studies may be accounting by the lack of knowledge from our participants about the nature of mental disorders. Study 3 replicates this finding with clinical psychologists suggesting that expertise does not decrease the correspondence inference. Together these studies suggest that, contrary to the spirit of the DSM-5, mental health disorders are not perceived as alternative behavior explanations. When a situational explanation may also activate the trait, people neglect its explanatory role for the behavior and make correspondence inferences. Further research should explore the causal links underlying this confound.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Jacinto, S.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Jacinto, S. (2017). Diagnostic inference: No cure for correspondence bias. Abstract book of the 11th European Workshop on Clinical Reasoning and Decision Making - Intuitive feelings in diagnostic reasoning and decision making (p. 23). Bergen, Norway.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Therapist / Intuitive judgement / Psychotherapy

Diagnostic inference: No cure for correspondence bias

Diagnostic inference: No cure for correspondence bias
DocumentA social cognitive approach to clinical gut: The impact of backward and forward inferences on psychotherapist’s metacognitive confidence and information seeking strategy2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
085 - The Clinical Gut: Examining the cognitive processes and neural underpinnings of judgments, feelings of rightness and its impact on information seeking
Duration: 2015-05 - 2021-02
Researcher(s):
Ana Sofia Bilreiro Jacinto Braga, Anne Krendl, Cara Charissa Lewis, Cilia Witteman, Elizabeth Collins, João Braga
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences - Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Krendl, A., Lewis, C., Wittmann, C., Ferreira, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Feelings of Rightness / Information Seeking / Clinical Judgment / Hypotheses Testing / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085.08
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
A social cognitive approach to clinical gut: The impact of backward and forward inferences on psychotherapist’s metacognitive confidence and information seeking strategy
Publication year: 2017
URL:
http://www.uib.no/sites/w3.uib.no/files/attachments/program_cdm-workshop.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The non-decomposable nature of a psychotherapy session favours intuitive judgments (see Hammond et al., 1987), which may have lingering effects on psychotherapists’ conceptualization of patients’ conditions. Specifically, the feeling of rightness associated to intuitive judgments (e.g., Koriat, 2012, Thompson et al., 2012) is likely to lead to overconfidence and to the use of a confirmatory hypothesis testing strategies. This, may compromise therapists’ evaluation of their clinical (intuitive) judgments.
This tendency could be moderated if besides backward inferences (causal explanations) therapists were requested to make forward inferences (predictions) based on the same session information. Forward inferences are associated to more uncertainty than backward inferences (Hogarth, 2010), and are expected to be associated to an open mindset (e.g. Fiedler et al., 2005). Therefore, forward inferences could decrease overconfidence in the clinical judgment and promote non-confirmatory information seeking, thus contributing to therapy effectiveness.
The present study manipulates, within participants, inference direction: backward vs. forward. Psychology students were presented with two fictional cases and were asked to make clinical judgments, consisting on estimating the probability of causal factors for client’s symptoms for one case; and the probability of several future effects of the client’s symptoms for the other. After each clinical judgment, participants rated their feelings of rightness, and the overall confidence after all judgments. Finally, information seeking strategies were measured through the ratings of likelihood of several diagnosis; the selection of additional
symptoms, from a list, to better understand the case; and the time spent reading additional information.
As expected, results suggest that backward inferences lead to higher confidence and more confirmatory information seeking strategies than forward inferences. Interestingly, backward inferences lead to more diagnostic information seeking strategy. Further research on the mediator role of confidence and therapists’ metacognition on information seeking strategies are discussed.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Braga, J.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Braga, J. (2017). A social cognitive approach to clinical gut: The impact of backward and forward inferences on psychotherapist’s metacognitive confidence and information seeking strategy. Abstract book of the 11th European Workshop on Clinical Reasoning and Decision Making - Intuitive feelings in diagnostic reasoning and decision making (p. 20). Bergen, Norway.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Therapist / Intuitive judgement / Psychotherapy

A social cognitive approach to clinical gut: The impact of backward and forward inferences on psychotherapist’s metacognitive confidence and information seeking strategy

A social cognitive approach to clinical gut: The impact of backward and forward inferences on psychotherapist’s metacognitive confidence and information seeking strategy
DocumentThe impact of task decomposability and scheme activation in hypothesis testing strategy2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
085 - The Clinical Gut: Examining the cognitive processes and neural underpinnings of judgments, feelings of rightness and its impact on information seeking
Duration: 2015-05 - 2021-02
Researcher(s):
Ana Sofia Bilreiro Jacinto Braga, Anne Krendl, Cara Charissa Lewis, Cilia Witteman, Elizabeth Collins, João Braga
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), ISCTE - Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (Portugal); Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences - Indiana University Bloomington (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Krendl, A., Lewis, C., Wittmann, C., Ferreira, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Feelings of Rightness / Information Seeking / Clinical Judgment / Hypotheses Testing / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-085.11
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The impact of task decomposability and scheme activation in hypothesis testing strategy
Publication year: 2017
URL:
http://www.appe.pt/encontro/files/APPE17_ProgramaComunicacoes.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
A non-decomposable task, such as a clinical session, favors holistic and intuitive judgment processes (Hammond et al, 1987), constraining the interpretation of subsequent information according to the activated scheme (Eyal et al., 2011). Thus, we hypothesize that non-decomposable tasks favor primacy effects and lead to confirmatory biases, when comparing to decomposed tasks. In two studies, we manipulated the decomposability (uninterrupted vs. interrupted) of an audio excerpt of a client describing depression symptoms. We measure hypotheses testing strategy through participants’ ratings of the likelihood of three possible diagnoses. Results show that when a scheme is activated, understanding the case in a non-decomposable way leads to more confirmatory strategy than in the decomposable condition. Implications to therapy session will be discussed.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Jacinto, S.
Secondary author(s):
Braga, J., Ferreira, M., Lewis, C., Collins, E.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Jacinto, S., Braga, J., Ferreira, M., Lewis, C., & Collins, E. (2017). The impact of task decomposability and scheme activation in hypothesis testing strategy. Abstract book of the 12º Encontro Nacional da Associação Portuguesa de Psicologia Experimental (p. 5). Porto, Portugal: APPE.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Intuitive judgement / Psychotherapy / Therapist

The impact of task decomposability and scheme activation in hypothesis testing strategy

The impact of task decomposability and scheme activation in hypothesis testing strategy