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DocumentExamining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Accepted article
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12961
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Conflicting findings have emerged from research on the relationship between thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. In two studies, we examined this relationship through meta-cognitive trust and developed a new: (1) experimental manipulation, a short scientific article describing the benefits of thinking styles: (2) trust in thinking styles measure, the Ambiguous Decisions task; and (3) supernatural belief measure, the Belief in Psychic Ability scale. In Study 1 (N = 415) we found differences in metacognitive trust in thinking styles between the analytical and intuitive condition, and overall greater trust in analytical thinking. We also found stronger correlations between thinking style measures (in particular intuitive thinking) and psychic ability and paranormal beliefs than with religious beliefs, but a mixed-effect linear regression showed little to no variation in how measures of thinking style related to types of supernatural beliefs. In Study 2, we replicated Study 1 with participants from the United States, Canada, and Brazil (N = 802), and found similar results, with the Brazilian participants showing a reduced emphasis on analytical thinking. We conclude that our new design, task, and scale may be particularly useful for dual-processing research on supernatural belief.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
van Mulukom, V.
Secondary author(s):
Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., Farias, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
van Mulukom, V., Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., & Farias, M. (2024). Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 65(2), 206–222. doi:10.1111/sjop.12961
2-year Impact Factor: 2.1|2022
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 1|2024-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Dual-processing / Meta-cognition / Paranormal belief / Religious belief / Thinking styles / Trust

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs
DocumentFinal report - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-292
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
292 - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation
Duration: 2017-10 - 2023-11
Researcher(s):
Diana Prata, James Rilling, Manuel Lopes, Duarte Ferreira, Daniel Martins, Pedro Levy
Institution(s): FCiências.ID – Associação para a Investigação e Desenvolvimento de Ciências (Portugal); Emory University, Atlanta (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Author: Prata, D.
Secondary author(s):
Rilling, J., Lopes, M., Ferreira, D. , Martins, D., Levy, P.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Oxytocin / Mentalizing / Theory of mind / Dopamine / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-292.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation
Publication year: 2023
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background
Trust is a mentalizing process which makes human relationships, social organizations and political and economical systems, possible. Oxytocin (OT) is a neuromodulator well known to facilitate maternal and pair bonding as we reviewed. Consistently, in humans, exogenous intranasal OT enhances mentalizing that facilitates trusting behaviours: from the affective-perceptual, e.g. facial emotion recognition, eye-to-eye gaze, to a higher-order cognitive-evaluative dimension, e.g., social learning, generosity, cooperation and particularly, trust. However, the underlying psychophysiology of OT’s effects is unknown.
Aims
We aimed to understand how oxytocin affect the psychophysiology pf cognitive processes behind trust, such as empathy, cooperation and social salience. This research is key to advance social psychology and neuroscience and to rationally improve our etiological models of psychiatric social symptoms.
Method
For this, we have conducted a series of studies involving placebo-controlled double-blind administration of intranasal oxytocin during tasks of social salience and social dilemma (with sexual objectification targets), with brain imaging, pupillometry, eye-gaze tracking and/or electroencephalography recording in humans.
Results
This project has allowed us to show that:
1) OT’s effects on neural activity may exist irrespective of fear-related social- or reward-contexts;
2) Sexualization impairs cooperative behavior towards women opponents and that this pattern – as well as the associated P300 ERP latency - is counteracted by intranasal oxytocin;
3) Oxytocin’s effect on central and autonomic neurocorrelates of salience attribution (as measured via pupillometry and eye-gaze) depend on both socialness and reward value of stimuli;
4) Oxytocin increases the spatio-temporal salience of social interactions measured via eye-gaze during free-viewing;
5) Oxytocin normalizes the synchronization of brain activity across individuals with psychotic disorders during emotional video watching;
Conclusions
We have thus furthered the: 1) characterization of both autonomous and central neurocorrelates of trust-relevant processes such as cognitive and emotional empathy and social salience attribution; 2) knowledge of OT’s effects on resting state brain networks, and 3) OT’s role in trust-dependent cooperation choices in social dilemmas, including in objectification contexts.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Prata, D.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Prata, D. (2023). Final report - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Empathy / Trust / Cooperation / Oxytocin / Salience / Social dilemmas / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) / Pupillometry / Eye-gaze

Final report - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation

Final report - Oxytocin: On the psychophysiology of trust and cooperation
DocumentScaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-133
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
133 - Neurocognitive basis of misinformation sharing across the political spectrum
Researcher(s): Clara Pretus, Salvador Soto-Faraco, Mireia Torralba
Institution(s): Fundació Institut Hospital del Mar d’Investigacions Mèdiques, Barcelona (Spain); Center for Brain and Cognition, University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona (Spain)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Author:
Pretus, C.
Secondary author(s):
Soto-Faraco, S., Torralba, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Misinformation / Cognitive flexibility / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Political extremism / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-133.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Scaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.56296/aip0001
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Partisan misinformation undermines people’s ability to make decisions based on accurate information, posing a threat to democracy and liberal values. Current interventions to counter misinformation are less effective when it comes to politically polarizing content, especially among extreme partisans who share the most misinformation. A new line of research suggests that crowdsourcing interventions, or using laypeople's judgments to help peoplespot misinformation, provide an additional layer of content moderation that can help overcome these limitations. We present a model that explains when crowdsourcing interventions will be successful based on three factors: trust in fact-checking sources, dissonance with previous beliefs, and crowd size. These three factors are often at odds in politically polarized social media environments, where more trusted sources may be less willing to provide dissonant opinions, resulting in smaller fact-checking crowds. Based on this model, we discuss how crowdsourcing interventions could be scaled in a way that is ethical and leverages network analysis methods to connect people with neighboring communities outside their ideological echo chambers. Finally, we propose venues for future research in the field
of crowdsourcing interventions that lie at the intersection between individual-level and system-level solutions to partisan misinformation.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pretus, C.
Secondary author(s):
Gil-Buitrago, H., Cisma, I., Hendricks, R. C., Lizarazo-Villarreal, D.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pretus, C., Gil-Buitrago, H., Cisma, I., Hendricks, R. C., & Lizarazo-Villarreal, D. (2024). Scaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation. Advances in/Psychology, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.56296/aip00018
2-year Impact Factor: N/a
Times cited: N/a
Indexed document: No
Quartile: N/a
Keywords: crowdsourcing / fact-checking / misinformation / trust / network analysis

Scaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation

Scaling crowdsourcing interventions to combat partisan misinformation