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Type Title Begin End
DocumentA ganzfeld study using identical twins2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 21/2002
Title:
2002 Grants
Start date: 2003-01 - 2009-11
Dimension/support:
21 caixas de arquivo

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-054
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2002
Title:
054 - Further developments and Applications of the Digital Ganzfeld
Duration: 2003-02 - 2006-02
Researcher(s):
Adrian Parker, Joakim Westerlund
Institution(s): Psychology Department, University of Gothenburg (Sweden)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Parker, A.
Secondary author(s):
Westerlund, J.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Ganzfeld studies / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2002-054.11
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 12/2002
Title:
A ganzfeld study using identical twins
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/52366155/ganzfeld-study-using-identical-twins
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The aim of this study was to maximise psi performance in the Real-Time Digital Ganzfeld (RTDG) by using as participants a group of identical twins who reported psi-related experiences. Fourteen pairs of identical twins were selected using a questionnaire interview based on the Sheep-Goat Scale. The twins in the roles of receiver and sender took part in a two-session RTDG procedure. The results of this initial study gave a 36% hit rate, with a small-to-medium effect size, which was the rate generally expected for ganzfeld studies with selected participants. The dramatic success rate that might be expected to occur amongst identical twins was not found in this sample. Possible reasons for this are discussed.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Related objects:
PT/FB/BL-2004-152.03
Author: Parker, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Parker, A. (2010). A ganzfeld study using identical twins. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 74(899), 118-130.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Twins / Twins-genetic aspects / Parapsychology / Telepathy / Early screening project (psychological test)
DocumentDiscordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of bipolar disorder2014

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
262 - The neural basis of Magical Ideation: A multimodal imaging study in twin subjects
Duration: 2013-08 - 2019-07
Researcher(s):
Paolo Brambilla, Gioia Negri, Sara Piccin, Giuseppe Cabras, Corrado Fagnani
Institution(s): Universitá delgi Studi di Milano and Unit of Epidemiology of the Italian Institute of Health, Rome (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Negri, G., Piccin, S., Cabras, G., Fagnani, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Psychophysiology and Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Brain structure and function / Personality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
Discordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of bipolar disorder
Publication year: 2014
URL:
http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayAbstract?fromPage=online&aid=9245470&fileId=S2045796014000055
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
This editorial focuses on discordant twins as a valuable epidemiological design for psychiatric aetiological research. First, we summarise the advantages and strengths of this design over the classical matched case-control study. Then, we draw attention to the use of this method in bipolar disorder, revising previous discordant-twin studies. A future greater use of discordant twins is desirable to gain further relevant insights in the aetiology of bipolar disorder.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Fagnani, C.
Secondary author(s):
Bellani, M., Soares, J. C., Stazi, M. A., Brambilla, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Fagnani, C., Bellani, M., Soares, J. C., Stazi, M. A., & Brambilla, P. (2014). Discordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of bipolar disorder. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 23(2), 137-140. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796014000055
2-year Impact Factor: 3.907|2014
Times cited: 8|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Aetiology / Bipolar disorder / Discordant / Twins

Discordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of bipolar disorder

Discordant twins as a tool to unravel the aetiology of bipolar disorder
DocumentGenetic and environmental bases of the interplay between magical ideation and personality2014

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
262 - The neural basis of Magical Ideation: A multimodal imaging study in twin subjects
Duration: 2013-08 - 2019-07
Researcher(s):
Paolo Brambilla, Gioia Negri, Sara Piccin, Giuseppe Cabras, Corrado Fagnani
Institution(s): Universitá delgi Studi di Milano and Unit of Epidemiology of the Italian Institute of Health, Rome (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Negri, G., Piccin, S., Cabras, G., Fagnani, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Psychophysiology and Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Brain structure and function / Personality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
Genetic and environmental bases of the interplay between magical ideation and personality
Publication year: 2014
URL:
http://www.psy-journal.com/article/S0165-1781(13)00753-1/abstract
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Sub-threshold psychotic symptoms are quite commonly present in general population. Among these, Magical Ideation (MI) has been proved to be a valid predictor of psychosis. However, the genetic and environmental influences on the interplay between MI and personality have not fully been explored. A total of 534 adult twins from the population-based Italian Twin Register were assessed for MI using the MI Scale (MIS) and for personality with the temperament and character inventory (TCI). A Multivariate Cholesky model was applied with Mx statistical program. The best-fitting model showed that additive genetic and unshared environmental factors explain approximately the same proportion of variance in MI, whereas a less strong genetic influence on personality traits emerged. Relevant correlations between MI and specific personality traits (novelty seeking, cooperativeness, self-directedness, self-transcendence) were found, suggesting shared influences for MI and these traits. Both genetic and environmental factors explained these correlations, with genetic factors playing a predominant role. Moderate-to-substantial genetic effects on MI and personality were found. Shared genetic and environmental effects underlie the phenotypic correlation between MI (psychosis-proneness) and personality traits, i.e. self-directedness (negative association) and self-transcendence (positive association), potentially representing predictive markers of psychosis liability related to schizotypy and personality.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Fagnani, C., Cecchetto, F., Medda, E., Bellani, M., Salemi, M., Picardi, A., Stazi, M. A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Brambilla, P., Fagnani, C., Cecchetto, F., Medda, E., Bellani, M., Salemi, M., Picardi, A., & Stazi, M. A. (2014). Genetic and environmental bases of the interplay between magical ideation and personality. Psychiatry Research, 215(2), 453-459. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2013.11.021
2-year Impact Factor: 2.467|2014
Times cited: 15|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Magical ideation / Twins / Temperament and character inventory / Schizotypy / Psychosis / Self-directedness / Self-transcendence

Genetic and environmental bases of the interplay between magical ideation and personality

Genetic and environmental bases of the interplay between magical ideation and personality
DocumentExceptional experiences amongst twins2013

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
193 - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Duration: 2013-10 - 2016-04
Researcher(s):
Göran Brusewitz, Adrian Parker, Lynn Cherkas
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Cherkas, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Affective and social behavior / Attachment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
Exceptional experiences amongst twins
Publication year: 2013
Accessibility:
Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Cherkas, L., Harris, J., Parker, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Brusewitz, G., Cherkas, L., Harris, J., & Parker, A. (2013). Exceptional experiences amongst twins. Journal of the Society for Psychical Research, 77.4(913), 220-235.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Twins / Exceptional experiences / Attachment / Telepathy

Exceptional experiences amongst twins

Exceptional experiences amongst twins
DocumentGenetic and environmental influences underlying the relationship between autistic traits and temperament and character dimensions in adulthood2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
262 - The neural basis of Magical Ideation: A multimodal imaging study in twin subjects
Duration: 2013-08 - 2019-07
Researcher(s):
Paolo Brambilla, Gioia Negri, Sara Piccin, Giuseppe Cabras, Corrado Fagnani
Institution(s): Universitá delgi Studi di Milano and Unit of Epidemiology of the Italian Institute of Health, Rome (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Negri, G., Piccin, S., Cabras, G., Fagnani, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Psychophysiology and Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Brain structure and function / Personality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
Genetic and environmental influences underlying the relationship between autistic traits and temperament and character dimensions in adulthood
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010440X14003770
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND
In recent years, several twin studies adopted a dimensional approach to Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) and estimated the contribution of genetic and environmental influences to variation in autistic traits. However, no study was performed on adults over 18 years of age and all but two studies were based on parent or teacher ratings. Also, the genetic and environmental contributions to the interplay between autistic traits and adult personality dimensions have not been investigated.
METHODS
A sample of 266 complete twin pairs (30% males, mean age 40 ± 12 years) drawn from the population-based Italian Twin Register was administered the Autism-Spectrum Quotient, Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI-125), and General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12). Genetic structural equation modelling was performed with the Mx program. Estimates were adjusted for gender, age, and GHQ-12 score.
RESULTS
Genetic factors accounted for 44% and 20%–49% of individual differences in autistic traits and TCI dimensions, respectively. Unshared environmental factors explained the remaining proportion of variance. Consistently with the notion of a personality profile in ASD characterised by obsessive temperament, autistic traits showed significant phenotypic correlations with several TCI dimensions (positive: HA; negative: NS, RD, SD, C). Genetic and unshared environmental correlations between AQ and these TCI dimensions were significant. The degree of genetic overlap was generally greater than the degree of environmental overlap.
CONCLUSIONS
Despite some limitations, this study suggests that genetic factors contribute substantially to individual differences in autistic traits in adults, with unshared environmental influences also playing an important role. It also suggests that autistic traits and the majority of temperament and character dimensions share common genetic and environmental aetiological factors.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Picardi, A.
Secondary author(s):
Fagnani, C., Medda, E., Toccaceli, V., Brambilla, P., Stazi, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Picardi, A., Fagnani, C., Medda, E., Toccaceli, V., Brambilla, P., & Stazi, M. (2015). Genetic and environmental influences underlying the relationship between autistic traits and temperament and character dimensions in adulthood. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 58, 178-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.12.018
2-year Impact Factor: 2.043|2015
Times cited: 15|2025-09-10
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Twins / Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) / Genetic

Genetic and environmental influences underlying the relationship between autistic traits and temperament and character dimensions in adulthood

Genetic and environmental influences underlying the relationship between autistic traits and temperament and character dimensions in adulthood
DocumentFinal report - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
193 - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Duration: 2013-10 - 2016-04
Researcher(s):
Göran Brusewitz, Adrian Parker, Lynn Cherkas
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Cherkas, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Affective and social behavior / Attachment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
Final report - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Publication year: 2016
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant19310.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The starting point is the theory of attachment concerning the formative influence of early relationships between the child and parents. Despite attachment theory being well-researched in terms of these relationships, by contrast there is almost no research reported on the attachment between pairs of twins.
In addition to a review of the extant literature on attachment, two pilot studies were carried out on physiological connectedness amongst pairs of twins who were selected for their known scores on measures of attachment. The methodology that was developed involved exposing one of the pair of twins to a shock or surprise stimulus while the electrodermal responses in the other twin were recorded thereby enabling us to examine the recording of this for possible synchronous rapport between the pairs of twins.
For the purpose of selecting suitable twins and documenting their range of experiences, a self-report questionnaire the Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire was given to potential participants. This documented the range and frequency of synchronous and telepathic-like experiences. Twins were selected on the basis of having reported several exceptional experiences together and on their availability and interest in being tested.
Further assessment of the degree of attachment between pairs of twins was provided by the Experiences in Close Relationships (Revised), a well-established test giving scores on two subscales “avoidance” and “anxiety”.
Two studies were carried out in London with 4 pairs of twins and then with a further 7 pairs of twins who met the selection criteria. The test procedure exposed one member of the pair of twins to a surprise stimulus at randomly chosen time interval (e.g. one twin at the selected time placed her hand in a bucket of ice) while the other twin was monitored for the electrodermal response. Each twin completed five trials, with each trial involving a surprise stimulus given during one of eight possible exposure time windows. An experimenter who was blind to the selections of windows then attempted to identify the exposure windows by viewing the electrodermal recordings
The first study gave 19 trials with 4 hits (correct identification of time period when the other twin was exposed to the stimulus). This result was above chance, but not significantly so (p = .21 in a binomial test, MCE = 2.38). Since all the twins reported a high degree of attachment, no conclusions could be drawn about a relationship between success in telepathy and degree of attachment.
In the second study, the results produced 12 hits out of 53 trials, which reached statistically significance (p = .043, MCE=6.63). Since both studies followed the same standardised design, it can be considered justified to collate the data from both these studies. The result here with16 hits out of 72. MCE=9 reaches then significance. More confirmatory experiments are needed.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Twins / Telepathy / Synchronous reactions / Connectedness / Attachment
DocumentExploratory study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
193 - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Duration: 2013-10 - 2016-04
Researcher(s):
Göran Brusewitz, Adrian Parker, Lynn Cherkas
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Cherkas, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Affective and social behavior / Attachment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
Exploratory study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]
Publication year: 2016
URL:
https://www.scientificexploration.org/videos/exploratory-study-of-physiological-connectedness-among-twins-in-relation-to-attachment
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Parapsychological research into distant interactions between individuals seems to indicate that the bond between sender and receiver is important. The present study was designed to investigate the ostensible relationship between telepathy and attachment between twins. By applying the concept of attachment from developmental psychology, this becomes the second in our series of studies in parapsychology to explore the degree of attachment between twins as a potential dependent variable relating to their apparent telepathic connection. At the current stage of evaluating a new methodology, we report the design and findings of this exploratory study. From an initial pool of forty pairs of twins, six pairs of identical and one pair of non-identical twins were selected on the basis of their responses to the Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire and on the availability of both twins to take part in the study. The test procedure required each of them to alternate in the role of sender in which they were exposed to a shock or surprise stimuli and in the role of receiver in which they were physiologically monitored for their electrodermal responses (EDR). Senders were presented with altogether five stimuli, one stimulus during each of the five trials per twin run. For each trial, the stimulus was presented during a 30 second period randomly chosen from eight possible such epochs within a four-minute trial.With a further 30 seconds added to establish baselines before and after each trial, this meant each trial would last fiveminutes. Graphs from 53 of the useable trials belonging to 7 pairs of twins were analyzed by the lead researcher (GB), who was blind to the time epochs in which the stimuli had been presented by the researcher working with the senders(AP). The task for the lead researcher was to identify a peak of the graph in the receiver’s reaction that might approximately correspond to the midpoint in the period that the stimulus had been presented to the sender. In 12 trials out
of 53, these identifications corresponded to the actual exposure period for the shock or surprise stimulus – constituting so-called “hits”, compared to the MCE = 6.625 and was significant, p = .043 (one-tailed). Three out of these twelve correct placements were contributed by just one of the twins. The attachment data that twins contributed via the EEQ questionnaire indicated that all the twins in the current study seemed to experience similar high levels of attachment. This consistency in strong and close relationships meant of course there was a lack of variance as concerns the hypothesis that attachment would predict the scores. The results of the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised (ECR) indicated that all the twins had very low scores on attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in their relationships. The profiles of twins having many hits in the telepathy experiment as regards any aspects of attachment were not significantly different from those of the others. The data provides justification for a major study using this methodology with selected pairs of twins. Some major improvements in the design were suggested. The synchronous monitoring of the electrodermal activity for the sender will later be carried out, giving possibilities to give a precise record of the timing and the effect of the shock stimuli.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Luke, D., Puhle, A., Friday, R.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Brusewitz, G., Parker, A., Luke, D., Puhle, A., & Friday, R. (2016, June). Exploratory study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]. Abstracts of Presented Papers of the 59th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association and 35th Annual Conference of the Society for Scientific Exploration: Accessing the Exceptional, Experiencing the Extraordinary (p. 16). Boulder, Colorado, USA.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Twins / Telepathy / Attachment / Synchronous reactions / Connectedness
DocumentAn experimental study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]2015

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
193 - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Duration: 2013-10 - 2016-04
Researcher(s):
Göran Brusewitz, Adrian Parker, Lynn Cherkas
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Cherkas, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Affective and social behavior / Attachment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
An experimental study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]
Publication year: 2015
URL:
http://www.parapsych.org/uploaded_files/pdfs/00/00/00/00/58/2015_pa-spr_book_of_abstracts_a4_size.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Parapsychological research into distant interactions between individuals seems to indicate that the bond between sender and receiver is important. The present study was designed to investigate the ostensible relationship between telepathy and attachment between twins. By applying the concept of attachment from developmental psychology, this becomes the first study in parapsychology to explore the degree of attachment between twins as a potential dependent variable relating to their apparent telepathic connection. At the current stage of evaluating a new methodology, we report the design and findings of the pilot study. From an initial pool of thirty pairs of twins, four pairs of identical twins were selected on the basis of their responses to the Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire and on the basis of the availability of both twins to take part in the study. The test procedure required each of them to alternate in the role of sender in which they were exposed to a shock or surprise stimuli and in the role of receiver in which they were physiologically monitored for their electrodermal responses (EDR). Senders were presented with altogether five stimuli, one stimulus during each of the five trials per twin session. For each trial, the stimulus was presented during a 30 second period randomly chosen from eight possible such epochs composing in total four minutes. With a further 30 seconds added to establish baselines before and after each session, this meant each session would last five minutes. Graphs from 19 of the useable sessions belonging to 3 pairs of twins were analyzed by the lead researcher (GB), who was blind
to the time epochs in which the stimuli had been presented by the researcher working with the senders (AP). An independent evaluation of the EDRs from the EDR, in this study used for the receiver was carried out by the designer of the equipment. The task here was to identify a peak of the graph in the receiver’s reaction which might approximately correspond to the midpoint in the period the stimulus had been presented to the sender. In four sessions out of the 19, these identifications corresponded to the actual exposure period for the shock or surprise stimulus – constituting so-called “hits”, compared to the MCE = 2.375. Although this fails to reach significance, p >.05, three out of these four correct placements were contributed by just one of the twins. The attachment data that twins contributed via the EEQ questionnaire indicated that all the twins in the current study seemed to experience similar high levels of attachment. This consistency in strong and close relationships meant of course there was a lack of variance as concerns the hypothesis that attachment would predict the scores. The results of the Experiences in Close Relationships – Revised (ECR) indicated that all the twins had very low scores on attachment-related anxiety and avoidance in their relationships. The profiles of twins having many hits in the telepathy experiment as regards any aspects of dysfunctional attachment (anxiety and avoidance) were not significantly different from those of the others. The data provides justification for a major study using this methodology with selected pairs of twins. Some major improvements in the design were suggested. One of these involves the synchronous monitoring of the electrodermal activity for the sender as well as the receiver in order to give a precise record of the timing and the effect of the shock stimuli.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Luke, D., Puhle, A.
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Brusewitz, G., Parker, A., Luke, D., & Puhle, A. (2015, July). An experimental study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]. Abstracts of Presented Papers 58th Annual Convention of the Parapsychological Association Joint with the 39th International Annual Convention of the Incorporated Society for Psychical Research (pp. 29-30). Greenwich University, United Kingdom.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Twins / Telepathy / Connectedness / Synchronous reactions / Attachment

An experimental study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]

An experimental study of physiological connectedness among twins in relation to attachment [PA]
DocumentEnvironmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronisation2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
262 - The neural basis of Magical Ideation: A multimodal imaging study in twin subjects
Duration: 2013-08 - 2019-07
Researcher(s):
Paolo Brambilla, Gioia Negri, Sara Piccin, Giuseppe Cabras, Corrado Fagnani
Institution(s): Universitá delgi Studi di Milano and Unit of Epidemiology of the Italian Institute of Health, Rome (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Negri, G., Piccin, S., Cabras, G., Fagnani, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Psychophysiology and Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Brain structure and function / Personality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262.09
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronisation
Publication year: 2016
URL:
http://www.nature.com/articles/srep37384
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Hosting nearly eighty percent of all human neurons, the cerebellum is functionally connected to large regions of the brain. Accumulating data suggest that some cerebellar resting-state alterations may constitute a key candidate mechanism for depressive psychopathology. While there is some evidence linking cerebellar function and depression, two topics remain largely unexplored. First, the genetic or environmental roots of this putative association have not been elicited. Secondly, while different mathematical representations of resting-state fMRI patterns can embed diverse information of relevance for health and disease, many of them have not been studied in detail regarding the cerebellum and depression. Here, high-resolution fMRI scans were examined to estimate functional connectivity patterns across twenty-six cerebellar regions in a sample of 48 identical twins (24 pairs) informative for depression liability. A network-based statistic approach was employed to analyze cerebellar functional networks built using three methods: the conventional approach of filtered BOLD fMRI time-series, and two analytic components of this oscillatory activity (amplitude envelope and instantaneous phase). The findings indicate that some environmental factors may lead to depression vulnerability through alterations of the neural oscillatory activity of the cerebellum during resting-state. These effects may be observed particularly when exploring the amplitude envelope of fMRI oscillations.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Córdova-Palomera, A.
Secondary author(s):
Tornador, C., Falcón, C., Bargalló, N., Brambilla, P., Crespo-Facorro, B., Deco, G., Fañanás, L.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Córdova-Palomera, A., Tornador, C., Falcón, C., Bargalló, N., Brambilla, P., Crespo-Facorro, B., Deco, G., & Fañanás, L. (2016). Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronisation. Scientific Reports, 6, Article number: 37384. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37384
2-year Impact Factor: 4.259|2016
Times cited: 20|2025-09-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Twins / Depression / Cerebellum / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronisation

Environmental factors linked to depression vulnerability are associated with altered cerebellar resting-state synchronisation
DocumentTwin studies for the investigation of the relationships between genetic factors and brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder2016

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012
Location: SEC PCA
Title:
2012 Grants
Start date: 2013-02

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
262 - The neural basis of Magical Ideation: A multimodal imaging study in twin subjects
Duration: 2013-08 - 2019-07
Researcher(s):
Paolo Brambilla, Gioia Negri, Sara Piccin, Giuseppe Cabras, Corrado Fagnani
Institution(s): Universitá delgi Studi di Milano and Unit of Epidemiology of the Italian Institute of Health, Rome (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Brambilla, P.
Secondary author(s):
Negri, G., Piccin, S., Cabras, G., Fagnani, C.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Psychophysiology and Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Brain structure and function / Personality

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2012-262.17
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 29/2012
Title:
Twin studies for the investigation of the relationships between genetic factors and brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder
Publication year: 2016
URL:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/epidemiology-and-psychiatric-sciences/article/twin-studies-for-the-investigation-of-the-relationships-between-genetic-factors-and-brain-abnormalities-in-bipolar-disorder/6BA381D6DC3B69C3CCB60D3761AF6344
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) is to date not entirely clear. Classical genetic research showed that there is a contribution of genetic factors in BD, with high heritability. Twin studies, thanks to the fact that confounding factors as genetic background or family environment are shared, allow etiological inferences. In this work, we selected twin studies, which focus on the relationship between BD, genetic factors and brain structure, evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. All the studies found differences in brain structure between BD patients and their co-twins, and also in respect to healthy controls. Genetic effects are predominant in white matter, except corpus callosum, while gray matter resulted more influenced by environment, or by the disease itself. All studies found no interactions between BD and shared environment between twins. Twin studies have been demonstrated to be useful in exploring BD pathogenesis and could be extremely effective at discriminating the neural mechanisms underlying BD.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Squarcina, L.
Secondary author(s):
Fagnani, C., Bellani, M., Altamura, C. A., Brambilla, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Squarcina, L., Fagnani, C., Bellani, M., Altamura, C. A., & Brambilla, P. (2016). Twin studies for the investigation of the relationships between genetic factors and brain abnormalities in bipolar disorder. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 25(6), 515-520. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796016000615
2-year Impact Factor: 4.246|2016
Times cited: 4|2025-09-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Twins / Bipolar disorder / Brain imaging / Heritability / Magnetic resonance imaging / Twin model
File385 - EEG activation in monozygotic and dizygotic twins to assess heritability of pre- and post-stimulus response to visual stimuli2022-01

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-385
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
385 - EEG activation in monozygotic and dizygotic twins to assess heritability of pre- and post-stimulus response to visual stimuli
Duration: 2022-01
Researcher(s):
William Bunney, Richard Stein, Julie Patterson
Institution(s): Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Bunney, W.
Secondary author(s):
Stein, R., Patterson, J.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Twins / Anticipation / Emotion / Parapsychology and Psychophysiology
DocumentEnvironmental effects on brain functional networks in a juvenile twin population2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-288
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
288 - The origin of the sublime power in the brain: An integrated EEG-TMS study
Duration: 2021-04 - 2025-05
Researcher(s):
Eleonora Maggioni, Paolo Brambilla, Giandomenico Schiena, Alice Chirico, Andrea Gaggioli, Maddalena Mazzocut-Mis
Institution(s): Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan (Italy); Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Milan (Italy); Università degli Studi di Milano (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Maggioni, E.
Secondary author(s):
Brambilla, P., Schiena, G., Chirico, A., Gaggioli, A., Mazzocut-Mis, M.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Virtual reality / Sublime / Brain connectivity / EEG-TMS / Parapsychology and Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-288.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Environmental effects on brain functional networks in a juvenile twin population
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-023-30672-2
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The brain's intrinsic organization into large-scale functional networks, the resting state networks (RSN), shows complex inter-individual variability, consolidated during development. Nevertheless, the role of gene and environment on developmental brain functional connectivity (FC) remains largely unknown. Twin design represents an optimal platform to shed light on these effects acting on RSN characteristics. In this study, we applied statistical twin methods to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) scans from 50 young twin pairs (aged 10-30 years) to preliminarily explore developmental determinants of brain FC. Multi-scale FC features were extracted and tested for applicability of classical ACE and ADE twin designs. Epistatic genetic effects were also assessed. In our sample, genetic and environmental effects on the brain functional connections largely varied between brain regions and FC features, showing good consistency at multiple spatial scales. Although we found selective contributions of common environment on temporo-occipital connections and of genetics on frontotemporal connections, the unique environment showed a predominant effect on FC link- and node-level features. Despite the lack of accurate genetic modeling, our preliminary results showed complex relationships between genes, environment, and functional brain connections during development. A predominant role of the unique environment on multi-scale RSN characteristics was suggested, which needs replications on independent samples. Future investigations should especially focus on nonadditive genetic effects, which remain largely unexplored.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Tassi, E.
Secondary author(s):
Maggioni, E., Mauri, M., Fagnani, C., Agarwal, N., Bianchi, A. M., Stazi, M. A., Nobile, M., Brambilla, P.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Tassi, E., Maggioni, E., Mauri, M., Fagnani, C., Agarwal, N., Bianchi, A. M., Stazi, M. A., Nobile, M., & Brambilla, P. (2023). Environmental effects on brain functional networks in a juvenile twin population. Scientific Reports, 13(1), 3921. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-30672-2
2-year Impact Factor: 3.8|2023
Times cited: 2|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Resting state networks / Brain functional connectivity / Twins

Environmental effects on brain functional networks in a juvenile twin population

Environmental effects on brain functional networks in a juvenile twin population
DocumentAn experiment with three studies of physiological connectedness amongst twins and its possible relationship to attachment2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 23
Title:
2010 Grants
Start date: 2011-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 16/2010
Title:
193 - Attachment and exceptional experiences amongst twins reporting "exceptional experiences"
Duration: 2013-10 - 2016-04
Researcher(s):
Göran Brusewitz, Adrian Parker, Lynn Cherkas
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg (Sweden) and Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College, London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A., Cherkas, L.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Extrasensory perception (ESP) / Anomalous cognition/experiences / Affective and social behavior / Attachment

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2010-193.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
An experiment with three studies of physiological connectedness amongst twins and its possible relationship to attachment
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1550830724000089
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Fourteen pairs of twins were selected on the basis of their high scores on The Exceptional Experiences Questionnaire (EEQ), which documents the frequency and intensity of telepathic and synchronistic experiences amongst twins. The twins alternated in the role of sender in which they were exposed to a surprise or shock stimulus and in the role of receiver in which their electrodermal activity (EDA) was monitored. Sender and receiver were placed in laboratory rooms at remote ends of a building separated by distance and barriers ensuring sensory isolation. Twins in the role of sender were presented with a series of surprise or shock stimuli during the period randomly selected for presentation. This was one out of the 8 periods occurring in the block of 5 minutes. Within the selected period, the actual presentation lasted 30 seconds and occurred at approximately the midpoint of the period. The stimulus presentation in this block of 5 minutes was repeated 5 times making thereby a 25-minute session for each twin belonging to the sender-receiver pair. During this session, the other twin in the role of receiver, had been equipped with electrodes recording EDA and otherwise advised to relax during the session. The task for the judge in the studies was to use the electrophysiological data from the non-shocked twin to identify the exact periods when the stimuli had been exposed to the sending twin. The EDA from 91 useable presentations were displayed and analysed for the purpose of locating any peak EDA response in each of the possible eight periods corresponding to the stimuli exposure times. Correct identifications would thus occur by chance one in eight times. The attempts at these identifications were carried out by GB, a researcher experienced at EDA interpretation but blind as to the periods that had been chosen for the stimulus exposure. The findings from the three experimental studies showed there were 18 correct identifications out of the total 91 stimulus exposures (MCE = 11.4), which reached statistical significance on a one-tailed t-test (p = .043), and with a binomial test (p = .03, one-tailed). However, only one of the three studies reached significance, in this case at the same level as the collective results (p = .043, one-tailed). Two explanations for this are the observed variability in the task-performances of the pairs of twins and in the differences in the sources of the twins for each of the studies. The results of a questionnaire entitled ‘Experiences in Close Relationships’ (ECR), adapted for twin relationships to assess their degree of attachment, indicated that those twins with many “correct identifications of epochs from the EDA” were not significantly different from the others on this measure of attachment. However, it should be noted that the twins here according to the ECR all had close emotional relationships to each other, thereby giving too little variation to adequately test the hypotheses concerning the role of attachment. The data provides justification for carrying out further studies using this methodology and furthermore that pairs of twins should be used with greater variation in attachment measures. The results are briefly discussed in the context of recent findings concerning the neuropsychology of experiences of synchronicity.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Brusewitz, G.
Secondary author(s):
Parker, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Brusewitz, G., & Parker, A. (2024). An experiment with three studies of physiological connectedness amongst twins and its possible relationship to attachment. Explore, 20(5), 102982. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.explore.2024.01.008
2-year Impact Factor: 2.2|2024
Times cited: 0|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Connectedness / Twins / Telepathy / Attachment / Synchronous experiences / Exceptional experiences / Electrodermal activity