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DocumentEEG microstates indicate heightened somatic awareness in insomnia: Toward objective assessment of subjective mental content2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-190
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
190 - Sleeping body, sentient mind? Searching for the neural bases of conscious experiences during sleep
Duration: 2017-10 - 2019-06
Researcher(s):
Eus Van Someren, Yishul Wei
Institution(s): Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Van Someren, E.
Secondary author(s):
Wei, Y.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Interoception / Insomnia / Neural correlates of consciousness / Salience / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-190.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
EEG microstates indicate heightened somatic awareness in insomnia: Toward objective assessment of subjective mental content
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00395/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
People with Insomnia Disorder (ID) not only experience abundant nocturnal mentation, but also report altered spontaneous mental content during daytime wakefulness, such as an increase in bodily experiences (heightened somatic awareness). Previous studies have shown that resting-state EEG can be temporally partitioned into quasi-stable microstates, and that these microstates form a small number of canonical classes that are consistent across people. Furthermore, the microstate classes have been associated with individual differences in resting mental content including somatic awareness. To address the hypothesis that altered resting mental content in ID would be reflected in an altered representation of the corresponding EEG microstates, we analyzed resting-state high-density EEG of 32 people with ID and 32 age- and sex-matched controls assessed during 5-min eyes-closed wakefulness. Using data-driven topographical k-means clustering, we found that 5 microstate classes optimally explained the EEG scalp voltage map sequences across participants. For each microstate class, 3 dynamic features were obtained: mean duration, frequency of occurrence, and proportional coverage time. People with ID had a shorter mean duration of class C microstates, and more frequent occurrence of class D microstates. The finding is consistent with previously established associations of these microstate properties with somatic awareness, and increased somatic awareness in ID. EEG microstate assessment could provide objective markers of subjective experience dimensions in studies on consciousness during the transition between wake and sleep, when self-report is not possible because it would interfere with the very process under study. Addressing somatic awareness may benefit psychotherapeutic treatment of insomnia.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Wei, Y.
Secondary author(s):
Ramautar, J. R., Colombo, M. A., Te Lindert, B. H. W., Van Someren, E. J. W.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Wei, Y., Ramautar, J. R., Colombo, M. A., Te Lindert, B. H. W., & Van Someren, E. J. W. (2018). EEG microstates indicate heightened somatic awareness in insomnia: Toward objective assessment of subjective mental content. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9: 395. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00395
2-year Impact Factor: 3.161|2018
Times cited: 31|2025-09-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Electrical neuroimaging / High-density EEG / Insomnia disorder / Mental content / Microstate / Resting state / Somatic awareness / Wakefulness

EEG microstates indicate heightened somatic awareness in insomnia: Toward objective assessment of subjective mental content

EEG microstates indicate heightened somatic awareness in insomnia: Toward objective assessment of subjective mental content
DocumentSpontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation?2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation?
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/jocn_a_01587
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Moments of inattention to our surroundings may be essential to optimal cognitive functioning. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that humans spontaneously switch between two opposing attentional states during wakefulness—one in which we attend to the external environment (an “online” state) and one in which we disengage from the sensory environment to focus our attention internally (an “offline” state). We created a data-driven model of this proposed alternation between “online” and “offline” attentional states in human subjects, on a seconds-level timescale. Participants (n = 34) completed a sustained attention to response task while undergoing simultaneous high-density EEG and pupillometry recording and intermittently reporting on their subjective experience. “Online” and “offline” attentional states were initially defined using a cluster analysis applied tomultimodal measures of (1) EEG spectral power, (2) pupil diameter, (3) RT, and (4) self-reported subjective experience. We then developed a classifier that labeled trials as belonging to the online or offline cluster with >95% accuracy, without requiring subjective experience data. This allowed us to classify all 5-sec trials in this manner, despite the fact that subjective experience was probed on only a small minority of trials. We report evidence of statistically discriminable “online” and “offline” states matching the hypothesized characteristics. Furthermore, the offline state strongly predicted memory retention for one of two verbal learning tasks encoded immediately prior. Together, these observations suggest that seconds-timescale alternation between online and offline states is a fundamental feature of wakefulness and that this may serve a memory processing function.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Wamsley, E. J., & Summer, T. (2020). Spontaneous entry into an “Offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(9), 1714-1734. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01587
2-year Impact Factor: 3.225|2020
Times cited: 23|2025-09-18
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Sustained attention / Inattention / Memory retention / Wakefulness / EEG spectral power / Pupil diameter

Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory

Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory
Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: NDE
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 1/Outros Apoios
Title:
Characterization of “Near-Death Experiences” through the comparison of experiencers and non-experiencers’ particularities: inter-individual differences in cognitive characteristics and susceptibility to false memories
Duration: 2016-03 - 2019-03
Researcher(s):
Steven Laureys, Charlotte Martial, Vanessa Charland-Verville, Héléna Cassol
Institution(s): Coma Science Group, University of Liège (Belgium)
Contents: Application
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Laureys, S.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Parapsychology and Psychophysiology / Near-death experience / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)

Reference code: NDE-100
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-022-28451-0
Abstract/Results: Consciousness can be defined by two components: arousal (wakefulness) and awareness (subjective experience). However, neurophysiological consciousness metrics able to disentangle between these components have not been reported. Here, we propose an explainable consciousness indicator (ECI) using deep learning to disentangle the components of consciousness. We employ electroencephalographic (EEG) responses to transcranial magnetic stimulation under various conditions, including sleep (n = 6), general anesthesia (n = 16), and severe brain injury (n = 34). We also test our framework using resting-state EEG under general anesthesia (n = 15) and severe brain injury (n = 34). ECI simultaneously quantifies arousal and awareness under physiological, pharmacological, and pathological conditions. Particularly, ketamine-induced anesthesia and rapid eye movement sleep with low arousal and high awareness are clearly distinguished from other states. In addition, parietal regions appear most relevant for quantifying arousal and awareness. This indicator provides insights into the neural correlates of altered states of consciousness.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Lee, M.
Secondary author(s):
Sanz, L. R., Barra, A., Wolff, A., Nieminen, J. O., Boly, M., Rosanova, M., Casarotto, S., Bodart, O., Annen, J., Thibaut, A., Panda, R., Bonhomme, V., Massimini, M., Tononi, G., Laureys, S., Gosseries, O., Lee, S.-W.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
Lee, M., Sanz, L. R., Barra, A., Wolff, A., Nieminen, J. O., Boly, M., Rosanova, M., Casarotto, S., Bodart, O., Annen, J., Thibaut, A., Panda, R., Bonhomme, V., Massimini, M., Tononi, G., Lareys, S., Gosseries, O., & Lee, S.W. (2022). Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning. Nature Communications, 13(1), 1064. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-022-28451-0
2-year Impact Factor: 16.600|2022
Times cited: 71|2025-09-24
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Consciousness / Wakefulness / Subjective experience / ECI / EEG

Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning

Quantifying arousal and awareness in altered states of consciousness using interpretable deep learning
DocumentLevel of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
033 - The influence of emotions on actions: Boosting brain network plasticity to ameliorate action control
Duration: 2023-10 - 2025-05
Researcher(s):
Sara Borgomaneri, Vincenzo Romei
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress Report
Final Report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Borgomaneri, S.
Secondary author(s):
Romei, V.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Action control / Emotions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation / Unconscious perception / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-033.10
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Level of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00299-1
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The consolidation process stabilizes a new initially labile memory. This consolidation could operate on a shorter timescale during wakefulness after initial motor learning. Within micro-offline learning states, sequences of simple individual actions learned through interleaved practice are condensed into a unified skill through a time-dependent consolidation process occurring during wakeful periods. While emerging evidence links Glutamate and GABA modulations in the primary motor cortex (M1) to motor learning, its relationship with micro-offline consolidation processes in brief resting states during motor learning is unclear. To investigate this issue, we employed Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to evaluate whether interindividual variation of different neurotransmitters at rest influences motor learning consolidation in humans. Our results point to the role of GABAB in micro-offline motor consolidation processes during motor learning in M1. This finding could have an important impact on planning neuropharmacology or non-invasive brain stimulation approaches in clinical domains, such as post-stroke rehabilitation.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Cardellicchio, P.
Secondary author(s):
Borgomaneri, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Cardellicchio, P., & Borgomaneri, S. (2025). Level of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness. npj Science of Learning, 10(10). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00299-1
2-year Impact Factor: 3|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: M1 GABAB / Motor learning / Wakefulness

Level of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness

Level of M1 GABAB predicts micro offline consolidation of motor learning during wakefulness