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BIAL Foundation
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TI:"Why are people meditating? The Meditation Motivation Scale"
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DocumentWhy are people meditating? The Meditation Motivation Scale2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-149
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 13/2008
Title:
149 - A closer look at meditation: Challenging the attentional network on different types of meditative procedures
Duration: 2010-04 - 2011-09
Researcher(s):
Stefan Schmidt, Harald Walach, Thilo Hinterberger, Matthias Braeunig, Dr. Jose Raul Naranjo, Kathrin Simshäuser
Institution(s): Center for Mindfulness, Meditation and Neuroscience Research, Instit. of Environmental Health Sciences, Univ. Medical Center Freiburg (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Schmidt, S.
Secondary author(s):
Walach, H., Hinterberger, T., Braeunig, M., Naranjo, J. R., Simshäuser, K.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Psychophysiology / Assessment tools / Cognitive processes / Attention / Brain structure and function / Altered states of consciousness / Meditation

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-149.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 13/2008
Title:
Why are people meditating? The Meditation Motivation Scale
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.ecim-congress.org/tl_files/content/2011/ECIM%202011_Abstracts.PDF
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
OBJECTIVES:
Meditation origins from religious traditions in the ancient East. In our modern western society the practice of meditation grew very popular in recent years. This may be due to secular or non-secular reasons. The motivation to practice meditation may range from intentions like well-being and health related issues up to the concept of self-transformation by following a spiritual path. Since it can be assumed that the motivation for a meditation practice is strongly related to the outcome we decided to construct a questionnaire assessing motives for meditation.
METHODS:
A large range of meditators was asked for their motivations to meditate. Based on their answers we constructed a 58 item scale in German offering a large range of motivations. All items had to be rated on 5 point scale. 549 meditators filled in the scale online. We performed a psychometric assessment. 27 items were discarded because of low variance, low discriminatory power, skewed distributions or loadings on multiple factors. We performed an exploratory factor analysis (Varimax) with orthogonal scale rotation.
RESULTS:
The final scale has 31 items and explains a total of 55.3 % of variance with a internal consistency of Cronbach’s a = .90. Motivations could be grouped into four distinct factors: 1. Wellbeing and Relaxation (9 Items, a=.90, 17.6% variance), 2. Regulation of Emotions (9 Items, a = .89, 14.3 % variance), 3. Self-exploration (7 Items, a = .85, 12.5 % variance), 4. Self-transformation (6 Items, a = .81, 11.0 % variance).
CONCLUSION:
The newly constructed Meditation Motivation Scale is suitable to assess motivations for the practice of meditation with high reliability. A clear-cut four factor structure emerged from the data of our sample demonstrating that secular and various non-secular motivations can be clearly separated.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schmidt, S.
Secondary author(s):
Netz, B.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Schmidt, S., & Netz, B. (2011). Why are people meditating? The Meditation Motivation Scale. In M. Cree (Ed.), Abstract book of the 4th European Conference on Integrative Medicine (p. 51).
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Meditation / Motivation / Psychometric study