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003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality

2001-01

2004-06

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Document

Final report - Psychophysiology of transliminality

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Final report - Psychophysiology of transliminality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.01
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Final report - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa0300_19022014.pdf
Abstract/Results:	RESULTS: Transliminality refers to the tendency of psychological material to cross thresholds into and out of consciousness. This study examined transliminality in several contexts. It was shown that major correlates of the construct are syncretic cognitions (the fusion of perceptual qualities in subjective experience), so the author presented a hyperconnectivity hypothesis that specifies transliminality as enhanced interconnectedness between brain hemispheres, as well as among frontal cortical loops, temporal-limbic structures, and primary or secondary sensory areas and/or sensory association cortices. Study 1 showed that Revised Transliminality Scale (RTS) scores tap the same boundary construct as Hartmann’s Boundary Questionniare (BQ) and that the BQ factors concerning experiential-syncretic phenomena are most predictive of RTS scores. Study 2 established that the boundary construct is significantly related to the apparitional experience, a phenomenon that likely derives from syncretic and somatization processes. However, a relationship between bilaterality and the boundary construct was not confirmed. Study 3 corroborated and extended these basic findings by replicating positive associations among apparitional experiences, transliminality, and paranormal belief, as well as establishing that these variables positively correlate with measures of somatic-hypochondriacal tendencies. Study 4 tested the predictive validity of these relationships in vivo by studying participants’ experiences at an alleged ‘haunted’ site. Patterns of participants’ haunt experiences and their scores on psychological measures hinted that syncretic and symbolic cognition were operating. Transliminality was positively associated with both types of cognition, which parallel established attentional mechanisms. These results suggest that transliminality involves cognitive disinhibition involving lower sensory thresholds. Study 5 tested this idea via a quasi-experimental test of vibratactile sensitivity. High- and low-transliminality groups (HT & LT) completed threshold testing while listening to competing auditory stimuli of varying intensity and complexity. The HT group compared to the LT group exhibited lower sensory thresholds and quicker performance times. Further, introducing a highintensity stimulus increased the thresholds of the HT group. The HT group also reported more aberrations in memory. These findings indicate that high transliminality reflects disrupted attentional processes and/or screening functions. It was consequently concludes that the hyperconnectivity hypothesis is a parsimonious explanation for the cumulative pattern of results in the literature and in the original research constituting this research program.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Notes:	The final report consists of the doctoral thesis of the researcher. Scanned: Acknowledgments, index and abstract
Author:	Houran, J.
Document type:	Doctoral thesis. Final report
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J. (2003). Conceptualizing transliminality as functional regulation of interaction among brain regions (Unpublished doctoral thesis). South Australia: University of Adelaide.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Relatório final - Psychophysiology of transliminality

Document

Quasi-experimental study of transliminality, vibrotactile thresholds and performance speed

2006

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Quasi-experimental study of transliminality, vibrotactile thresholds and performance speed

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.02
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Quasi-experimental study of transliminality, vibrotactile thresholds and performance speed
Publication year:	2006
URL:	http://aiprinc.org/abstracts_6.htm
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Transliminality has been hypothesised to derive from weak or erratic cognitive mechanisms that are responsible for the active suppression (or gating) of irrelevant information from consciousness. It was therefore expected in a test of vibrotactile sensitivity that (i) individuals with high transliminality scores (HT) have lower thresholds than individuals with low transliminality scores (LT), (ii) the HT group take less time than the LT group to obtain a threshold, (iii) and the presence of a stimulus that competes for attention increases the time and thresholds of the HT group to a greater extent than those of the LT group. Fifty participants (17 HTs, 33 LTs) completed three repetitions of threshold testing using the CASE IV System while exposed to each of four competing auditory conditions (two Intensity x two Complexity). Results confirmed predictions, but only the intensity of the competing stimulus, rather than its relative complexity, interfered with the vibrotactile thresholds of the HT group.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Notes:	The article is located in the attachments of the doctoral thesis
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Hughes, L. F., Thalbourne, M. A., Delin, P. S.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Hughes, L. F., Thalbourne, M. A., & Delin, P. S. (2006). Quasi-experimental study of transliminality, vibrotactile thresholds and performance speed. Australian Journal of Parapsychology, 6(1), 54-80.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Quasi-experimental study of transliminality, vibrotactile thresholds and performance speed

Document

Haunted by somatic tendencies: spirit infestation as psychogenic illness

2002

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Haunted by somatic tendencies: spirit infestation as psychogenic illness

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.03
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Haunted by somatic tendencies: spirit infestation as psychogenic illness
Publication year:	2002
URL:	http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13674670210141061?journalCode=cmhr20
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: It has been suggested that haunting and poltergeist episodes are akin to outbreaks of contagious psychogenic illness. Therefore, it might be expected that hypochondriacal and somatic tendencies would significantly predict self-reported experiences of 'spirit infestation' and other paranormal ideations. This prediction was tested on a sample of 314 undergraduate students who completed the Anomalous Experiences Inventory, the Transliminality Scale and three standard questionnaires about hypochondriasis, somatic complaints, and cognitions about body and health. Results from correlational and regression analyses supported predictions, although we found that the type of bodily cognition varied with the specificity of the paranormal experience. For example, indices of spirit infestation coincided with autonomic sensations, perceived paranormal ability was related to catastrophizing cognitions, and general paranormal experiences correlated with somatization traits. Transliminality and paranormal belief contributed positively to nearly all of these associations. These findings are consistent with the idea that some paranormal experiences are partly misattributions of internal experience to external (paranormal) sources - a process that could initiate an episode of contagious (mass) psychogenic illness by encouraging the collective perception of similar 'symptoms' in a group of people due to suggestion and demand characteristics.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Kumar, V. K., Lavertue, N. E.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Kumar, V. K., Thalbourne, M. A., & Lavertue, N. E. (2002). Haunted by somatic tendencies: spirit infestation as psychogenic illness. Mental Health, Religion and Culture, 5(2), 119-133. https://doi.org/10.1080/1367467021014106
2-year Impact Factor:	N/A
Impact factor notes:	Impact factor computed since 2020
Times cited:	N/A
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	N/A
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Paranormal experiences / Suggestion / Contagious
Haunted by somatic tendencies: spirit infestation as psychogenic illness

Document

Transliminality correlates positively with aberrations in memory

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Transliminality correlates positively with aberrations in memory

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.04
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Transliminality correlates positively with aberrations in memory
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1300
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=188&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: During the course of a larger study on sensory thresholds and transliminality, 22 men and 28 women (M = 23.1 yr., SD = 2.9) mostly composed of students selected from a snowball sampling approach completed the Revised Transliminality Scale and a brief measure of everyday aberrations in memory. Scores on the measures correlated .59 (p < .001), and this result was not due to the confounding effects of age or sex. These preliminary results are consistent with the hypothesis that transliminality involves a state of increased activation that can induce a loss of conscious experience, thereby lending support to the definition of transliminality as the tendency for psychological material to cross thresholds into or out of consciousness.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (in the attachments of the doctoral thesis)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Thalbourne, M. A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., & Thalbourne, M. A. (2003). Transliminality correlates positively with aberrations in memory. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96(3), 1300-1304. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.2003.96.3c.1300
2-year Impact Factor:	0.295\|2003
Times cited:	4\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q4
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Transliminality correlates positively with aberrations in memory

Document

Comparison of two alternative measures of the boundary construct

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Comparison of two alternative measures of the boundary construct

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.05
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Comparison of two alternative measures of the boundary construct
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pms.2003.96.1.311
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=190&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: 'Mental boundaries' is a traditional concept in psychology, although attempts to conceptualize and measure such boundaries empirically have only recently been pursued. Two major efforts in this respect are Hartmann's Boundary Questionnaire and the Revised Transliminality Scale of Lange, Thalbourne, Houran, and Storm. We administered both along with the Briggs-Nebes Handedness Scale to a convenience sample of 268 participants to assess the convergent validity of the two boundary measures and to replicate previous evidence that the boundary construct involves body boundaries as well, such as a tendency toward mixed-handedness. As predicted, scores on the Revised Transliminality Scale correlated .66 positively with total scores on the Boundary Questionnaire, but neither measure was associated with the handedness scale. Each of the 12 domains of the Boundary Questionnaire correlated significantly with total scores on the Transliminality Scale, yet only five domains contributed significantly to the prediction of variance in transliminality scores in a standard multiple regression analysis. Analysis suggests that transliminality is related to specific domains of the Boundary Questionnaire, and we hypothesize that the other domains of the Boundary Questionnaire represent higher levels of the boundary construct than what is measured by the Revised Transliminality Scale. This idea is discussed within the context of Werner's 1948 theory of syncretic versus symbolic cognition.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (in the attachments of the doctoral thesis)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Thalbourne, M. A., Hartmann, E.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Thalbourne, M. A., & Hartmann, E. (2003). Comparison of two alternative measures of the boundary construct. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 96(1), 311-323. https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.96.1.311-323
2-year Impact Factor:	0.295\|2003
Times cited:	20\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q4
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Comparison of two alternative measures of the boundary construct

Document

Methodological note: erratum and comment on the use of the Revised Transliminality Scale

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Methodological note: erratum and comment on the use of the Revised Transliminality Scale

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.06
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Methodological note: erratum and comment on the use of the Revised Transliminality Scale
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1053810002000259
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=193&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (in the attachments of the doctoral thesis)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Thalbourne, M. A., Lange, R.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Thalbourne, M. A., & Lange, R. (2003). Methodological note: erratum and comment on the use of the Revised Transliminality Scale. Consciousness and Cognition,12(1), 140-144. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1053-8100(02)00025-9
2-year Impact Factor:	2.058\|2003
Times cited:	28\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q1
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Methodological note: erratum and comment on the use of the Revised Transliminality Scale

Document

Perceptual-personality characteristics associated with naturalistic haunt experiences

2002

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Perceptual-personality characteristics associated with naturalistic haunt experiences

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.07
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Perceptual-personality characteristics associated with naturalistic haunt experiences
Publication year:	2002
URL:	http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/2299/247/103258.pdf?sequence=1
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (in the attachments of the doctoral thesis)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Wiseman, R., Thalbourne, M. A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Wiseman, R., & Thalbourne, M. A. (2002). Perceptual-personality characteristics associated with naturalistic haunt experiences. European Journal of Parapsychology, 17, 17-44.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Paranormal belief / Hauntings
Perceptual-personality characteristics associated with naturalistic haunt experiences

Document

Temporal lobe lability in the highly transliminal mind

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Temporal lobe lability in the highly transliminal mind

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.08
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Temporal lobe lability in the highly transliminal mind
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886903000448
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=195&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Transliminality is ‘‘a hypothesized tendency for psychological material to cross thresholds into or out of consciousness,’’ which has been proposed to derive from hyperconnectivity between temporal-limbic structures and sensory association cortices. Accordingly, it might be expected that transliminality would positively correlate with temporal lobe lability. To test this hypothesis, 135 undergraduate psychology students at an Australian and a British university completed the Revised Transliminality Scale (Lange et al., 2000) and the Personal Philosophy Inventory (Persinger, 1984a), a validated measure of temporal lobe lability. As predicted, scores on transliminality showed a strong association with the general temporal lobe scale (r=0.72), as well as moderate correlations with a number of other scalar variables and individual items. The findings are consistent with the idea that transliminality is related to more ungated processing related to temporal lobe functioning, and furthermore that temporal lobe phenomenology promotes transliminal experiences with mystical or religious overtones.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):	Crawley, S. E., Houran, J.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Thalbourne, M. A., Crawley, S. E., & Houran, J. (2003). Temporal lobe lability in the highly transliminal mind. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(8), 1965-1974. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00044-8
2-year Impact Factor:	1.084\|2003
Times cited:	17\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Transliminality / Personal philosophy inventory / Temporal lobe lability
Temporal lobe lability in the highly transliminal mind

Document

Transliminality as an index of the sheep-goat variable

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Transliminality as an index of the sheep-goat variable

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.09
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Transliminality as an index of the sheep-goat variable
Publication year:	2003
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):	Houran, J.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Thalbourne, M. A., & Houran, J. (2003). Transliminality as an index of the sheep-goat variable. European Journal of Parapsychology, 18, 3-14.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Sheep-goat effect
Transliminality as an index of the sheep-goat variable

Document

Transliminality, brain function, and synesthesia

2001

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Transliminality, brain function, and synesthesia

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.10
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Transliminality, brain function, and synesthesia
Publication year:	2001
URL:	http://psycnet.apa.org/psycinfo/2001-00555-009
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=199&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Tested the hypothesized association between transliminality and synesthesia in 2 correlational studies. Participants in Study 1 were 115 persons (aged 18–73 yrs), half of whom suffered from panic attacks and half of whom were their support-givers, who had taken part in an experiment by M. A. Thalbourne et al (1997). Materials included a factor score representing degree of transliminality and a 6-item synesthesia scale derived from the Absorption Scale (A. Tellegen and G. Atkinson, 1974). The Spearman rank correlation between scores on transliminality and synesthesia was .47. Participants in Study 2 were 242 psychology students (aged 17–63 yrs) in a study by Thalbourne (1998). Materials included the 29-item Transliminality Scale and the 6-item synesthesia scale. The Spearman rank correlation between scores on transliminality and synesthesia was .57. In both samples, scores on Tellegen's synesthesia scale consistently showed moderate correlations with 2 measures of transliminality. The authors interpret these findings as consistent with the hypothesis that transliminality involves "enhanced interconnectedness" in the brain, with 2 caveats.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):	Houran, J., Alias, A. G., Brugger, P.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Thalbourne, M. A., Houran, J., Alias, A. G., & Brugger, P. (2001). Transliminality, brain function, and synesthesia. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 189(3), 190-192. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005053-200103000-00009
2-year Impact Factor:	1.457\|2001
Times cited:	26\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Synesthesia
Transliminality, brain function, and synesthesia

Document

Boundary functioning in celebrity worshippers

2005

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Boundary functioning in celebrity worshippers

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.12
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Boundary functioning in celebrity worshippers
Publication year:	2005
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S019188690400114X
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=201&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: We examined the hypothesis that celebrity worshippers possess a generally ‘thin’ boundary structure, as implied by the absorption–addiction model of celebrity worship. One hundred and forty seven traditional and nontraditional college students completed the Revised Transliminality Scale (unconscious–conscious boundaries), Hartmann’s Boundary Questionnaire (measuring 12 types of boundaries), and the Celebrity Attitude Scale, which addresses Entertainment-Social, Intense-Personal, and Borderline-Pathological levels of celebrity worship. As predicted, total scores on the two measures of mental boundaries showed significant but low magnitude correlations with total scores on the Celebrity Attitude Scale. Standard multiple regression analyses revealed that attitudinal and behavioral components of the boundary construct as measured by the Hartmann instrument differentially predicted the three levels of celebrity worship and that each of these levels involved both ‘thin’ and ‘thick’ boundary functioning. Low levels appear to reflect sensation-seeking, openness to experience, and cognitive rigidity, while intermediate levels add to these traits with elements of identity diffusion. The most extreme levels showed trends similar to intermediate levels with the addition of poor interpersonal boundaries. This suggests that people at the highest level of celebrity worship want to socialize and bond with people but feel disconnected from the social milieu to which they belong or have access.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Navikc, S., Zerrusend, K.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Navikc, S., & Zerrusend, K. (2005). Boundary functioning in celebrity worshippers. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(1), 237-248. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.014
2-year Impact Factor:	1.256\|2005
Times cited:	33\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Celebrity worship / Transliminality / Mental boundaries / Absorption / Boundary Questionnaire
Boundary functioning in celebrity worshippers

Document

Patterns of self-reported happiness and substance use in the context of transliminality

2005

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Patterns of self-reported happiness and substance use in the context of transliminality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.13
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Patterns of self-reported happiness and substance use in the context of transliminality
Publication year:	2005
URL:	http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886904001114
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=203&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: Two hundred psychology undergraduates completed the Oxford Happiness Questionnaire, an expanded version of the Kumar–Pekala Drug-Use Scale, the Revised Transliminality Scale, and an assortment of single-item true/false statements thought to be relevant particularly to transliminality. Based on previous theorizing and research it was predicted that persons scoring high on the Revised Transliminality Scale (1) are more likely to be unhappy, and (2) engage in greater usage of illicit drugs. Only the second of these predictions was upheld. A further aim of this study was to compare the drug use of highly transliminal participants who were happy against those who were unhappy: it was predicted that unhappy high transliminals would report greater use of illicit drugs, and the findings supported this hypothesis. Using the enter method of multiple regression, transliminality and happiness were jointly examined in relation to the drug variables and a number of single-item variables of a mostly negative nature. Happiness was found to correlate negatively with a large number of items (providing some degree of construct validity). The correlations tended to be positive with transliminality, indicating more drug use, more self-destructive behaviors, and a greater tendency to withdraw from excessive stimulation.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):	Houran, J.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Thalbourne, M. A., & Houran, J. (2005). Patterns of self-reported happiness and substance use in the context of transliminality. Personality and Individual Differences, 38(2), 327–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2004.04.011
2-year Impact Factor:	1.256\|2005
Times cited:	8\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q2
Keywords:	Happiness / Substance use / Transliminality / Happy high transliminals
Patterns among substance use, happiness, and transliminality [Texto policopiado]

Document

Ego-alien intrusions in the context of mental boundaries and hemispheric specialization

n.d.

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Ego-alien intrusions in the context of mental boundaries and hemispheric specialization

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.14
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Ego-alien intrusions in the context of mental boundaries and hemispheric specialization
Publication year:	n.d.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Ashe, D. D., Thalbourne, M. A.
Document type:	Unpublished document
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Ashe, D. D., & Thalbourne, M. A. (n. d.). Ego-alien intrusions in the context of mental boundaries and hemispheric specialization [Unpublished document].
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Hemispheric specialization / Apparitions
Ego-alien intrusions in the context of mental boundaries and hemispheric specialization [Texto policopiado].

Document

Childhood trauma as a possible antecedent of transliminality

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Childhood trauma as a possible antecedent of transliminality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.15
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Childhood trauma as a possible antecedent of transliminality
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.687?journalCode=pr0
Contents:	http://apps.webofknowledge.com/full_record.do?product=WOS&search_mode=GeneralSearch&qid=206&SID=Z1T1li1SW9lnlKPlMpq&page=1&doc=1
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Thalbourne, M. A.
Secondary author(s):	Houran, J., Crawley, S. E.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Thalbourne, M. A., Houran, J., & Crawley, S. (2003). Childhood trauma as a possible antecedent of transliminality. Psychological reports, 93(3), 687-694. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2003.93.3.687
2-year Impact Factor:	0.277\|2003
Times cited:	9\|2025-02-04
Indexed document:	Yes
Quartile:	Q4
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Trauma
Childhood trauma as a possible antecedent of transliminality

Document

Encounter experiences in the context of mental boundaries and bilaterality

2003

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Encounter experiences in the context of mental boundaries and bilaterality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.16
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Encounter experiences in the context of mental boundaries and bilaterality
Publication year:	2003
URL:	http://www.spr.ac.uk/psedsite/JSPRabstracts.php3?year=2003
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: The homologue of left hemispheric (language) processes in the right hemisphere may be the primary neurological basis for encounter experiences. Thus, their perception should typically be located to the left of the experient's body. We tested this prediction in a convenience sample of 268 participants who completed a measure of encounter experiences, the Revised Transliminality Scale, the Boundary Questionnaire, the Rasch-scaled version of the Revised Paranormal Belief Scale, and the Briggs-Nebes Handedness Scale. Results are consistent with the notion that encounter experiences are related to specific aspects of thinner (or thicker) mental boundaries, but that this association is not mediated by bilaterality. Encounter experiences also showed no preference for body side. Accordingly, we found no support for the hypothesis that encounter experiences are the awareness of the right hemispheric equivalent of the sense of self. Rather, our findings suggest that there are different variables which facilitate the initial detection/perception of encounter experiences as opposed to affecting the content of encounter experiences. Overall, the confluence of significant correlations between encounter experiences, certain forms of mental boundaries, and paranormal beliefs supports the idea that these experiences partly reflect imagery, ideation, affect, and perception that derive from regions across thresholds -- a process that we speculate can occur under different physiological conditions.
Accessibility:	Document exists in file (previous version submitted for publication)
Copyright/Reproduction:	By permission
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Secondary author(s):	Ashe, D. D., Thalbourne, M. A.
Document type:	Article
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J., Ashe, D., & Thalbourne, M. A. (2003). Encounter experiences in the context of mental boundaries and bilaterality. Society for Psychical Research, 67(4), 260-279.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Hemispheric specialization / Apparitions
Encounter experiences in the contexto of mental boundaries and bilaterality [Texto policopiado]

Document

Psychophysiology of transliminality

2004

BIAL Foundation Archive
- BIAL Grants
  - 2000 Grants
    - 003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
      - Psychophysiology of transliminality

Reference code:	PT/FB
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Location:	S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:	BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date:	1994
History:	The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives. Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge. Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research. The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world. Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility:	By permission

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL
Entity holding:	BIAL Foundation
Title:	BIAL Grants
Start date:	1994
History:	In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology. Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries. The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project. The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665). Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others. The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a 13/2000
Title:	2000 Grants
Start date:	2001-01 - 2014-02
Dimension/support:	13 caixas de arquivo

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	003 - Psychophysiology of transliminality
Duration:	2001-01 - 2004-06
Researcher(s):	James Houran
Institution(s):	SIU School of Medicine, Springfield (USA)
Contents:	Contents: Application form Correspondence Financial report and expenditure documents Progress reports Final report as a doctoral thesis 13 Articles (published or submitted) SPSS outputs
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Number of reproductions:	2
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality / Paranormal belief / Apparitions/haunting / Cognitive processes

Reference code:	PT/FB/BL-2000-003.17
Location:	Arquivo PCA - Pasta 9/2000
Title:	Psychophysiology of transliminality
Publication year:	2004
URL:	http://www.bial.com/pt/fundacao_bial.11/simposios.19/edicoes_anteriores.75/5%C2%BA_simposio.a111.html
Abstract/Results:	ABSTRACT: There exist in the brain cognitive mechanisms that are responsible for the active suppression (or gating) of information from conscious awareness. These mechanisms may be weak or erratic, and transliminality has been hypothesized to derive from such. It was therefore expected in a test of vibrotactile sensitivity that individuals with relatively high transliminality scores (HT) would have lower thresholds than individuals with relatively low transliminality scores (LT), the HT group would take less time than the LT group to obtain a threshold, and the presence of a stimulus that competed for attention would increase the time and thresholds of the HT group to a greater extent those of the LT group. Fifty participants (17 HTs, 33 LTs) completed three repetitions of threshold testing using the CASE IV System while exposed to each of four competing auditory conditions (two Intensity x two Complexity). Results confirmed predictions, but only the intensity of the competing stimulus, rather than its relative complexity, interfered with vibrotactile thresholds of the HT group.
Accessibility:	Document does not exist in file
Language:	eng
Author:	Houran, J.
Document type:	Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:	2
Reference:	Houran, J. (2004). Psychophysiology of transliminality. In Aquém e além do cérebro. Behind and beyond the brain. Proceedings of the 5th Symposium of Fundação Bial (p. 288). Porto: Fundação Bial.
Indexed document:	No
Keywords:	Parapsychology / Transliminality
Psychophysiology of transliminality