| Abstract/Results: | RESULTS:
Lange and Houran (2010) constructed and validated a new measure called the “Business Intuitions Inventory” and found that “intuitions” in the workplace are related to transliminal processes, but the validity of the sample’s self-reported intuitions was not specifically addressed. Houran and Lange (2010) therefore examined the correlation between self-reported intuitions and the propensity to exhibit emotional and cognitive biases in the previously collected dataset (n = 889). The misattribution hypothesis was not confirmed; in fact, intuitive experiences were associated (r = .38, p < .001) with a lack of confirmatory biases. Transliminality consequently facilitates a confluence of unconscious information from tacit knowledge, pattern recognition and perhaps a “future orientation” that involves psi. Situational and motivational factors, akin to experimental effects in psi research, contribute to the process. Rasch scaling analyses found that transliminality and intuition form a continuum, with the highest levels of transliminality being associated with intuitions that are described as paralleling psychic ability. As a follow-up, Lange and Houran (2013) explored experimenter effects in a study with the Chinese book of divination the I Ching using four experimental groups (n = 15 pairs each) of extreme questionnaire levels of Paranormal Belief and Transliminality: High Participant/High Experimenter; High Participant/Low Experimenter; Low Participant/High Experimenter and Low Participant/Low Experimenter. Participants selected 16 of 64 hexagram-descriptor pairs, based on their emotional or cognitive states of mind. A “hit” was observed when 1 of the 16 choices would come up (Pmce = .25). The overall hit rate on Hexagram 1 was 34 out of 60 (i.e., 56.7%), which far exceeds (p < .001) the chance level hit rate of 25%. The probability of hitting on Hexagram 1 is greater in the High Participant and High Experimenter condition (13 out of 20, or 65%) than in the Low/Low, Low/High, and High/Low conditions. The finding of 13 Hexagram 1 “hits” in 20 trials for the High/High condition cannot be attributed to chance alone (p < .001). However, the observed “hitting” on Hexagram 1 in the other three conditions occurred essentially at chance levels (all p > .10). Statistically significant main effects of Participant and Experimenter were also found, although both effects are moderated by a powerful Participant x Experimenter interaction effect. The High/High condition stands out from the Low/Low, Low/High, and High/Low combinations, which are indistinguishable among themselves.
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