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File104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task2009-012013-10

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

DocumentFinal report - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task2013

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.01
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Final report - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Publication year: 2013
URL:
http://www.bial.com/imagem/Bolsa10408_04022014.pdf
Abstract/Results: RESULTS:
Study 1 used a new PK testing program involving an I Ching divination task. Three hexagrams were produced by sampling 3 sources of randomness (RNG, RND function in BASIC, random number tables). Participants rated all I Ching outcomes in advance using a Q-sort method. As predicted, highest ratings were awarded to hexagrams sampled from the most labile randomness source, but effects were small and nonsignificant. A similar pattern was found for participant lability, and for the interaction. Study 2 was an on-line survey to produce a psychometrically robust measure of lability and explore its relationship with spontaneous PK. A 71-item Lability Scale incorporated five factors, of which three—Intuitive Cognition, Ego-orientated Cognition and Emotional Interpretation—predicted PK experience scores. Study 3 used this new scale in an I Ching experiment, and looked at the effects of physiological arousal on performance. No interaction effects between participant and target system lability were found and relationships with arousal measures were inconsistent, but included significant correlations between PK score and heart rate (low lability) and PSS (high lability). Study 4 focused on researcher-participant interaction quality; no lability interaction effect was found, and there were no differences found between the 'friendly' and 'formal' conditions. Study 5 compared a nonstriving ‘practice’ trial and a ‘test’ in which participants were strived for a desired outcome. This gave a significant interaction between individual lability levels and RNG lability levels. Performance in ‘test’ condition was significantly better than in the ‘practice’ condition for low and intermediate lability target systems.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
2
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Psychokinesis (PK) / I Ching / PK performance / Random number generation (RNG) / Paranormal belief / Experimenter-subject interaction / Lability

Novo ficheiro

Novo ficheiro

DocumentLability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: development of the Lability Scale using an online survey-based study 2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.02
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: development of the Lability Scale using an online survey-based study
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.parapsych.org/uploaded_files/pdfs/00/00/00/00/24/2011_pa_convention_abstracts.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
In recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the experimental study of psychokinesis (PK), with particular focus on the new construct of lability, defined by Braud (1980) as “a systems ready capability for change”. Although this description by Braud and that of lability within Stanford’s Conformance Behaviour Model (CBM) (1978) include the construct as being inherent within a whole system, it is still uncertain as to whether this is an accurate portrayal. Indeed within Stanford’s CBM it is posited that psi capabilities would not share the same mechanisms as those involved with sensory and perceptual information processing. With humans comprised of a multitude of differing processes – both psychological and physiological – it begs the question as to whether only certain facets with prominent labile capabilities would create an impact on PK phenomena. Furthermore, if such facets are identified, could an individual be subsequently characterized as being ‘labile’? With micro-PK effects manifested in the laboratory consistently related to macro-PK and poltergeist activity in real-world environs, there have been many assumptions made regarding the role of individual agents. A popular theory has been that such individuals are reacting unconsciously to a stressful situation as a form of maladaptive coping response (Roll, 1983), thus consequently supporting Braud’s and Stanford’s theories of PK effects being mediated by internal individual lability interacting with other external systems. Indeed, previous PK-RNG studies based on Stanford’s CBM (1978), by Holt and Roe respectively, (Holt & Roe, 2006; Roe & Holt, 2006),) have shown significant PK effects from the interaction between high and low levels of individual and RNG lability. These studies were based on the premise that certain aspects from cognitive, neurological and emotional individual differences were key to exploring lability and thererfore, a battery of measures was employed to assess individual lability via an aggregation of scores, highlighting the need to develop a single, comprehensive lability instrument. For this study, taking it’s cue from previous research (Drennan, Roe, & Broughton, 2011), measures included to assess lability were the Creative Cognition Inventory (Holt, 2007); The Emotional Creativity Inventory (Averill, 1999); Goldberg’s Openness to Experience Scale (Goldberg, 1999); Mood Affect (Akiskal, Maser, Zeller, Endicott, Corvell, & Keller, 1995); and the Personal Philosophy Inventory (Persinger & Makarec, 1987). For use in the online survey two further scales investigating paranormal phenomena were included – the Anomalous Experience Inventory (Gallagher, Kumar, & Pekala, 1994) and the Rhine Psychokinesis Questionnaire (Simmonds-Moore, Rhine Feather, & Gadd, 2010). Following activation of the online survey for 8 weeks, data from a sample size of 192 respondents were eventually used for conducting analyses.
Factor analyzing the five individual difference measures produced a new Lability Scale consisting of 71 items (including 4 reversed scored items) with strong overall reliability (a = .86). Five factors were retained accounting for approximately 35% of the cumulative variance:
Factor 1 Intuitive Cognition (a = .92)
Factor 2 Conceptual Cognition (a = .60)
Factor 3 Ego-Orientated Cognition (a = .78)
Factor 4 Emotional Interpretation (a = .71)
Factor 5 Analytical Cognition (a = .85)
Concurrent validity was produced between the Lability Scale and the five individual difference measures involved in the study, where all but Goldberg’s Openness to Experience Scale (Goldberg, 1999) showed strong positive correlations. Subsequently, the relationships between individual lability and paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences were explored. Significant negative correlations were shown between lability and both paranormal belief (r = -.56) and psychokinetic experience (r = -.51). Furthermore, significant negative correlations were also shown between both paranormal belief and psychokinetic experience scores and Intuitive Cognition, Ego-orientated Cognition and Emotional Interpretation factors. There were no significant relationships found between paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences and either Conceptual Cognition or Analytical Cognition.
Performing one way analyses of variance found significant differences between the means of paranormal belief (F2, 160.47 = 44.45, p < 0.01) psychokinetic experiences (F2, 160.47 = 32.74, p < 0.01) and levels of lability (low, moderate, high), mirroring the results found in previous experimental PK-RNG studies. These findings have implications for the next stages of research which consists of a series of three experimental PK-RNG studies employing the new Lability Scale, which is hoped will replicate the lability interaction witnessed previously and further confirm construct validity of the new measure. In addition, it is expected that with further usage there will be subsequent refinement of the Lability Scale and factor structure. As it stands, Factor 5 Analytical Cognition, which although has a strong Cronbach’s alpha of .85, consists of only 5 items and is on the cusp of being a ‘bloated specific’, therefore providing a case for subsequent exclusion. However, at this time, it does appear likely that lability will remain multi-dimensional, thus reflecting the fact that it incorporates various facets of individual processes and allow scope for future research to explore whether there are dominant labile processes which may have a greater impact specifically on PK effects. Furthermore, it is interesting to note that significant results are being shown in relation to individuals with low levels of lability corresponding with high levels of both paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences, suggesting that instances of macro-PK and poltergeist activity phenomena may indeed be more likely mediated by blunted or maladaptive individual responses. Finally, with this in mind, it is hoped that by gaining a better understanding of individual lability throughout the ongoing research will provide a key feature for constructing a predictive statistical model for PK effects both within the laboratory and within real-world situations.
Accessibility: Document exists in file (full paper)
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Drennan, S. L.
Secondary author(s):
Roe, C. A., Broughton, R.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Drennan, S. L., Roe, C. A. and Broughton, R. (2011). Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: development of the Lability Scale using an online survey-based study. In M. Kittenis (Ed.) Parapsychological Association 54th Annual Convention: Abstracts of presented papers (pp. 25-26). Curitiba, Brazil: Parapsychological Association.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Lability scale / Paranormal belief / Psychokinetic experiences

Full paper

Full paper

Abstract

Abstract

DocumentExploring lability interaction between individual and situational variables on PK-RNG performance using the I Ching2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.03
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Exploring lability interaction between individual and situational variables on PK-RNG performance using the I Ching
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://www.spr.ac.uk/main/page/conference-abstracts-2010#martin
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Within parapsychology, research exploring the relevance of specific psychological or individual differences for manifestations of micro-PK in the laboratory has not been popular. Where experiments have identified possible variables, these have, unfortunately, not been sufficiently replicated to persuasively demonstrate which individuals may be able to perform PK and under what optimal conditions (Roe, 2001). However, recent studies by the first author have identified and reproduced an interaction effect between an individual difference factor and a situational factor – participant lability and target systems lability (Holt & Roe, 2006; Roe & Holt, 2006). Originally defined by Braud (1981) as a system’s capacity to change, it has been theorised from previous research that high levels of lability are related to enhanced psi performance. The present project aims to conceptually replicate these promising findings using an automated RNG task based upon the ancient divination method of the I Ching. Initially adapted as a task for parapsychological research by Rubin and Honorton (1971) due to its innate utilisation of a random process, it is attractive as a method for testing PK because it allows for a controlled PK experiment that is also engaging and personally relevant (Roe, Holt, & Simmonds, 2003) and has proved reasonably successful in previous PK studies (Storm & Thalbourne, 1998-1999). The I Ching selects 1 of 64 possible readings called hexagrams which are intended to relate to a person situation or decision that the client seeks advice upon. If participants are able to rate each hexagram’s relative applicability to their situation this could further enhance the sensitivity of the outcome measure.
DESIGN - An opportunity sample of fifty voluntary adult participants will complete an initial battery of measures in order to construct a metric of lability, (to be categorized as being high, medium, low), including measures of creativity and absorption, plus recording basic demographic details. During the experimental procedure the participants are required to consider a personal question to pose for the I Ching reading before manually rating the applicability of their sixty-four hexagrams in order of relevance to that question on a grid using a Q-sort procedure. Once satisfied with the placing, participants will then be introduced to the automated I Ching computer program and still keeping the same personal question in mind, cast three hexagrams for a further reading. The computer generated I Ching will use three sources of randomness: a ‘live’ random number generator (Live); a pseudo random computer function (Pseudo); a predetermined list of random numbers derived from published tables (Table) – the methods categorized as being high, medium and low lability, respectively. The participants will remain blind as to the randomization throughout the experiment.
Data collection is ongoing and it is anticipated that the proposed experiment will be completed by July 2010 so that we will be able to present final analyses at the conference. Principal analyses will focus on the interaction effects on PK performance between the categorized conditions of participant and target systems lability following Stanford’s (1978) conformance behaviour model and previous research by Braud (1981).
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Martin, H.
Secondary author(s):
Drennan, S. L., Roe, C. A.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Martin, H., Drennan, S.L., & Roe, C.A. (2010, September). Exploring lability interaction between individual and situational variables on PK-RNG performance using the I Ching. Paper presented at the Society for Psychical Research 34th International Conference, Sheffield University.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Psychokinesis (PK) / Lability / I Ching

DocumentEffects of participant and target system lability upon PK performance usiong an I Ching task2010

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.04
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Effects of participant and target system lability upon PK performance usiong an I Ching task
Publication year: 2010
URL:
http://www.parapsych.org/uploaded_files/pdfs/00/00/00/00/02/2010_pa_convention_abstracts_and_program.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Relatively few parapsychological experiments investigating micro-PK effects have been designed to consider psychological or individual differences factors, and those variables that have been considered have been subject to too few replications to give a clear indication of which persons may perform best under which conditions (Gissurarson & Morris, 1991; Roe, 2001). Previous research by the first author discovered and replicated an interaction effect between an individual differences factor, participant lability, and a situational factor, target system lability (Holt & Roe, 2006; Roe & Holt, 2006). The present study was designed to conceptually replicate that finding using a novel task so as to control for possible artifacts due to the computer program or task used there. An alternative task was built around the I Ching divination procedure, which it was felt retained important characteristics of being personally relevant for the participant and intuitively straightforward to understand. Methodological weaknesses in previous I Ching experiments were addressed here, in particular by automating the I Ching casting and by having participants rate all possible hexagram outcomes for applicability using the Q-sort method. An opportunity sample of 34 participants completed a battery of measures used to construct a metric of lability, along with a measure of absorption and decided upon a personal question that the I Ching could help with. Participants were run individually and completed a Q-sort of all 64 hexagram descriptions based on their applicability to their question. Once completed they cast three hexagrams using a computer based program that used a live random number generator (Live), the pseudorandom function of the computer (Pseudo) and a predetermined list of random numbers derived from published tables (Table). The order of conditions was randomized across participants, who remained blind as to the source of randomness in each case. The Q-sort positions were used to rate the applicability of the selected hexagrams. Although the general pattern of performance was in line with prediction, with the highest average ratings awarded to hexagrams selected by the most labile Live method, next highest for the moderately labile Pseudo method and worst ratings for the most stabile Table method, the mean shifts were small and non-significant (F 2,58 = .571, p = .568). Similarly, although the highest overall performance was achieved by the most labile participant group, an intermediate level of performance was recorded by the intermediate group and worst performance was by the stabile group, the modest differences were not significant (F 2,29 = .099, p = .906). Therefore, despite the pattern of performance being superficially similar to that reported in previous studies, this experiment was not able to replicate the interaction between participant and target system lability (F 4,58 = .896, p = .473). Possible causes for this failure to replicate are considered, including that the original studies’ findings reflect Type I errors, and that the sampling method was insufficiently sensitive to belief and expectancy factors. Suggestions are made for future research, particularly with respect to identifying variables that might have contributed to the unexpectedly large variance in scores due to ‘error’.
Accessibility: Document exists in file (full paper)
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Secondary author(s):
Martin, H., Drennan, S. L.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Roe, C. A., Martin, H., & Drennan, S. (2010). Effects Of Participant And Target System Lability Upon PK Performance Using An I Ching Task. In N. J. Holt (Ed.), The Parapsychological Association 53rd Annual Convention: Abstracts of Presented Papers (p. 23). , Paris, France: Parapsychological Association.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: PK performance / I Ching / Participant lability / Target system lability

Full paper

Full paper

Abstract

Abstract

DocumentLability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.05
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://www.spr.ac.uk/main/page/conference-abstracts-2011#drennan
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Within parapsychology, there is an inference that poltergeist activity may be directly related to psychokinetic (PK) effects unconsciously generated by an individual agent. As stated by Roll:
“The phenomena are usually associated with a living person: in fact, it seems to have become part of the meaning of poltergeist that there be such a connection. This suggests that the events may be cases of psychokinesis (PK) produced by that person…” (Roll, 1977, p. 382 - 383)
However, due to the spontaneous nature of such activity within real-world environs, investigating such a relationship has been problematic. Therefore, foundational investigators such as Rhine (1944) attempted to manipulate PK effects within a controlled environment, albeit with debatable findings and the identification of yet more extraneous variables. Gradually, the investigation of PK either empirically in the laboratory using random number generators (RNGs) or observing persons with alleged abilities became less popular. And yet, rather than abandon this rich seam of research, in recent years there has been a resurgence of interest in the experimental study of psychokinesis (PK), with particular focus on psi-conducive variables and the role of individual differences. In particular, attention has become focused on the new construct of lability, defined by Braud as:
“…the ease with which a system can change from one state to another…”(1980, p. 1)
Such a concept would be directly inverse to a state of stability or inertia. Previous PK-RNG studies by Holt and Roe respectively (Holt & Roe, 2006; Roe & Holt, 2006) have taken their cue fromStanford’s Conformance Behaviour Model (1978), whereby systems with weaker levels of lability are able to adapt to a system with stronger levels and found significant PK effects from this interaction between differing levels of individual and RNG lability. However, at that time, a battery of measures was employed in the methodology to assess individual lability, thus highlighting the need to develop a single, comprehensive lability instrument. Therefore, the dual purpose of the presented study was to construct a new psychometric tool with which to assess lability and then consequently, explore the relationships between lability and both paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences. Existing measures included to assess lability were the Creative Cognition Inventory (Holt N. , 2007); The Emotional Creativity Inventory(Averill, 1999); Goldberg’s Openness to Experience Scale(Goldberg, 1999); Mood Affect (Akiskal, Maser, Zeller, Endicott, Corvell, & Keller, 1995); and the Personal Philosophy Inventory (Persinger & Makarec, 1987).Two further scales to investigate paranormal phenomena were included – the Anomalous Experience Inventory (Gallagher, Kumar, & Pekala, 1994)and the Rhine Psychokinesis Questionnaire (Simmonds-Moore, Rhine Feather, & Gadd, 2010). Following activation of the online survey for 8 weeks, data from a sample size of 192 respondents were eventually used for conducting analyses.
Factor analyzing the five individual difference measures produced a new Lability Scale consisting of 71 items (including 4 reversed scored items) with strong overall reliability (a = .86).
Five factors were retained accounting for approximately 35% of the cumulative variance:
Factor 1 Intuitive Cognition (a = .92)
Factor 2 Conceptual Cognition (a = .60)
Factor 3 Ego-Orientated Cognition (a = .78)
Factor 4 Emotional Interpretation (a = .71)
Factor 5 Analytical Cognition (a = .85)
Concurrent convergent validity was assessed using correlation analysis between the Lability Scale and the five individual difference measures involved in the study, where all but Goldberg’s Openness to Experience Scale (Goldberg, 1999) showed strong positive correlations. Subsequently, the relationships between individual lability and paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences were explored. Significant negative correlations were shown between lability and both paranormal belief (r = -.56) and psychokinetic experience (r = -.51). Furthermore, significant negative correlations were also shown between both paranormal belief and psychokinetic experience scores and Intuitive Cognition, Ego-orientated Cognition and Emotional Interpretation factors. There were no significant relationships found between paranormal belief and psychokinetic experiences and either Conceptual Cognition or Analytical Cognition.
Performing one way analyses of variance found significant differences between levels of lability (low, moderate, high) and paranormal belief (F2, 160.47 = 44.45, p < 0.01); and psychokinetic experiences (F2, 160.47 = 32.74, p < 0.01) - mirroring results found in previous experimental PK-RNG studies. Furthermore, using psychokinetic experiences as a dependent variable a 2-way analysis of variance found that there was a significant interaction between gender, age group (low, moderate, high) and levels of lability (F4,174 = 2.49, p < 0.05, ?2 = .05).These findings have implications for better understanding the role of individual differences in PK and/or poltergeist manifestations, by highlighting the probability that it is individuals with lower levels of lability and age groups that are more likely to experience PK effects in particular. The next stages of research will consist of a series of three experimental PK-RNG studies investigating physiological arousal; participant/experimenter interaction; feedback/sender strategies. The studies will employ the Lability Scale within the standardized methodology in order to determine construct validity. It is hoped that on completion of the ongoing research that a statistical model can be built relating to the possibly predictive variables for PK effects.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Drennan, S. L.
Secondary author(s):
Roe, C. A., Broughton, R.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Drennan, S L., Roe, C. A., & Broughton, R. (2011, September). Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences. Paper presented at the Society for Psychical Research 35th International Conference, Edinburgh , UK. Abstract retrieved from http://www.spr.ac.uk/main/page/conference-abstracts-2011#drennan
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Lability scale / Paranormal belief / Psychokinetic experiences

DocumentLability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: A questionnaire-based survey2011

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pastas 1 a
Title:
2008 Grants
Start date: 2009-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
104 - Lability and PK performance: Identifying the optimal conditions for PK-RNG effects in the laboratory using an I Ching task
Duration: 2009-01 - 2013-10
Researcher(s):
Chris Roe
Institution(s): Centre for the Study of Anomalous Psychological Processes [CSAPP], University of Northampton (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Bursary agreement
Application form
Correspondence
Financial report and expenditure documents
Progress reports
Final report
Unpublished document
Language: eng
Author:
Roe, C. A.
Number of reproductions:
2
Keywords:
Parapsychology / Psychokinesis (PK) / Paranormal belief / Personality factors / Assessment tools

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2008-104.06
Location: Arquivo PCA - Pasta 17/2008
Title:
Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: A questionnaire-based survey
Publication year: 2011
URL:
http://etenetwork.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/0/3/4603084/ete_3_abstracts.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Although reports of psychokinetic (PK) occurrences, including poltergeist activity, are consistent, investigations in real-world environments are acknowledged to be notoriously problematic due to the spontaneous nature of such events. However, anecdotal reports regarding protagonist poltergeist agents and observational experiments using individuals with alleged abilities have led to theories regarding the causative nature of PK manifestation. In addressing these issues, recent experimental PK studies have begun focusing on identifying the optimal conditions needed for PK effects using tasks involving random number generators (RNG). Factors under investigation include strategies towards achieving PK effects, the interaction between the experimenter and participants and various individual differences. Within these individual differences, particular interest is being given to the relatively new construct of lability. Defined by Braud (1981), as „a system?s ready capability for change? it has been theorised that manifestation of PK is mediated by inherent levels of lability within the cognitive, emotional and physiological processes of an individual. This theory takes its cue from Rex Stanford?s Conformance Behaviour Model (1978) , whereby psi effects are produced via the interaction between two systems with differing levels of lability, such as human processes and RNGs. Previous PK-RNG studies conducted by Holt and Roe respectively (Holt & Roe, 2006; Roe & Holt, 2006), have shown supporting results with significant PK performance being achieved via the interaction between low and high level lability systems. However, at that time, there was no comprehensive scale with which to measure lability. To this end, the initial stage of this PhD project has been twofold - to construct a new Lability Scale from existing individual difference measures of creativity, temporal lobe activity, mood affect and openness to experience and then use it to explore the relationship between lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences with an online survey. Preliminary analyses has adjusted the Lability Scale to a measure of 71 items (a = .89) with 5 retained factors – Intuitive Cognition, Conceptual Cognition, Ego-Orientated Cognition, Emotional Interpretation and Analytical Cognition. Results show an obvious positive relationship between paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences and also support the mirrored interaction between low and high levels of lability. Furthermore, there are strong inverse relationships between paranormal beliefs, psychokinetic experiences and Intuitive Cognition, Ego-Orientated Cognition and Emotional Interpretation factors, with no apparent relationships with either Conceptual Cognition or Analytical Cognition factors.
This paper will discuss the construction and results of this survey and subsequent implications for the following sequential experimental PK - RNG studies.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Drennan, S. L.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
2
Reference:
Drennan, S. L. (2011, September). Lability, paranormal beliefs and psychokinetic experiences: A questionnaire-based survey. Paper presented at the III Conference of Exploring the Extraordinary , York. Abstract retrieved from http://etenetwork.weebly.com/uploads/4/6/0/3/4603084/ete_3_abstracts.pdf
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Psychokinetic experiences / Lability scale

Abstract

Abstract