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File234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control2016-012020-09

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

DocumentCognitive control during a spatial Stroop task: Comparing conflict monitoring and prediction of response-outcome theories2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Cognitive control during a spatial Stroop task: Comparing conflict monitoring and prediction of response-outcome theories
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691817303104?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Cognitive control allows information processing and behaviour to vary adaptively from moment to moment depending on current goals. Two of the most prominent theories that have been proposed to account for the processing of cognitive control are the Conflict Monitoring Theory (CMT) and the Prediction of Response-Outcome Theory (PRO). According to both theories, the implementation of cognitive control during a trial in a conflict task reflects processing events that occurred in the preceding trial. Both CMT and PRO advocate that the detection of conflict situations leads to the recruitment of cognitive control, but they differ regarding the processing underpinnings of cognitive control during conflict resolution. CMT proposes that conflict between alternative responses is resolved by enhancing the task's relevant dimension, reducing interference from the task's irrelevant dimension(s). This control setup promotes conflict adaptation in the subsequent trial. PRO proposes that conflict is resolved by means of a cost-effectiveness analysis that identifies and suppresses action plans linked to the less appropriate responses, facilitating conflict resolution in the subsequent trial. To adjudicate between these alternatives, we manipulated contingencies pertaining to two-trial sequences (n-1; n), namely, the congruency between task relevant/irrelevant dimensions in trial n-1 and response repetition in trial n. A spatial Stroop task was used, in which task-relevant and irrelevant information were integrated within the same stimulus. In this task, participants were required to attend to the direction of an arrow while ignoring its position. The arrow's direction and position could be congruent (C) or incongruent (IC). In one experiment, trials in which the participant was required to respond according to the position of a circle (PO; position only trials), occupying the sequential position n, were the focus of the analyses. Three experiments were conducted manipulating the trials' sequence structure. In Experiment 1, we studied a low control/low conflict condition (cC trials), and two high control/low conflict conditions (icC with and without response repetition). In Experiment 2, we studied two low control/no conflict conditions (cPO with and without response repetition) and two high control/no conflict conditions (icPO with and without response repetition). In Experiment 3, we studied a high control/high conflict condition (icIC) and two low control/high conflict conditions (cIC with and without response repetition). Overall, our findings are in agreement with previous studies in which both bottom-up processing, linked to response and stimulus position repetition, and top-down processing, linked to cognitive control, were shown to contribute to sequence effects in conflict tasks. Specifically, our observations mainly support PRO's account of conflict resolution, in which the intervention of top-down processing is substantially more complex than in CMT's account.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Pires, L.
Secondary author(s):
Leitão, J., Guerrini, C., Simões, M. R.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
6
Reference:
Pires, L., Leitão, J., Guerrini, C., & Simões, M. R. (2018). Cognitive control during a spatial Stroop task: Comparing conflict monitoring and prediction of response-outcome theories. Acta Psychologica, 189, 63-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2017.06.009
2-year Impact Factor: 1.595|2018
Times cited: 10|2024-02-09
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Cognitive control / Conflict monitoring / Prediction of response-outcome / Conflict resolution / Spatial stroop / Sequence effects
DocumentFinal report - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.bial.com/media/3327/inhibitory-processing-in-the-aging-brain.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Chronotype (Chr) and time-of-day (ToD) cause (a)synchrony effects, i.e., differences between off/on-peak (ToD (mis)/matching Chr) performance. Conditional automaticity (CA) reflects the enhancement of pathways linked, but not directly relevant, to the control structure of an ongoing task. Ageing, via hindered control efficiency, likely magnifies this enhancement and modulates its interaction with (a)synchrony.
AIMS
To develop a CA-based processing model of the modulations of (a)synchrony by ageing, and test its predictions, viz.: 1. off-peak benefits are restricted to CA processes, and are coupled with off-peak impediment of the CA-linked control process 2. Ageing amplifies (a)synchrony effects 3. Specific ERP signatures index the processes in the model and their modulation by ageing.
METHOD
Young adults (YA) (21 evening-types (E-T); 19 morning-types (M-T)) and older adults (OA) (19 E-T; 21 M-T) performed, on- or off-peak, a spatial Stroop task probing controlled inhibition and CA. EEGs were recorded and ERPs extracted.
RESULTS
Behavioral data supported predictions 1&2. As for 3: YA showed accrued onvs off-peak control (on-peak P200) whereas OA’s CA was augmented onpeak and control lessened off-peak (on-peak P300); when all action-plans were predicted to be momentarily inhibited, this P300 was also present in YA; in YA a late positivity (LP) indexed conditions predicted to foster unduly suppression of the correct action-plan and its subsequent renewal; when all action-plans were momentarily inhibited, this LP was also present in OA.
CONCLUSIONS
The predictions derived from our processing model were largely borne out; further data should be collected to probe potentially important differences between E-T and M-T.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Leitão, J., Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., & Santos, I. M. (2020). Final report - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Chronotype / Synchrony and asynchrony effects / Conditional automaticity / Spatial Stroop task / Event Related Potentials

Final report - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control

Final report - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
DocumentThe composite scale of morningness for chronotype estimation in Portuguese older adults: Psychometric properties and cutoff scores2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The composite scale of morningness for chronotype estimation in Portuguese older adults: Psychometric properties and cutoff scores
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1389945719303879
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION:
Chronotype refers to the individual differences that exist in the timing of circadian rhythms (e.g., core body temperature, sleep-wake cycle). The Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) is one of the most widely used measures to estimate chronotype. Despite the importance of accurate chronotype assessments, the psychometric properties of the CSM are not sufficiently explored in older adults. The aim of this study was to examine reliability and validity data of the Portuguese version of the CSM, and to obtain cut-off points (based on percentiles), with a sample of older adults.
MATERIALS AND METHODS:
The sample comprised 522 participants (55% women) with ages between 65 and 95 years (M = 71.40; SD = 5.69), and up to 19 years of formal education (M = 7.10; SD = 4.56). After providing informed consent, all participants completed the CSM. So as to obtain validity data, participants also completed the Basic Scale on Insomnia symptoms and Quality of Sleep (BaSIQS), and questions concerning sleep schedules, and based on the latter the formula of the Mean Sleep point on Free days - sleep corrected (MSFsc) was used to estimate chronotype.
RESULTS:
Regarding the scale's reliability, an alpha value of 0.81 was obtained. All items appeared to contribute to the scale's internal consistency, as removing items would reduce Cronbach's Alpha. The corrected item-total correlations assumed appropriate values (0.33 - 0.60). CSM scores showed a normal distribution, ranging from 19 to 54, M=39.06 (SD = 6.18). Concerning the scale's validity, a non-significant correlation (r = -0.07; p = 0.25) was observed between CSM scores and BaSIQS scores (discriminant validity). Significant correlations were obtained between CSM scores and sleep schedule variables (convergent validity), ranging between -0.34 and -0.79 (i.e., higher morningness scores were accompanied by earlier sleep-wake schedules), and between CSM scores and MSFsc, r = -0.532, p < 0.001. Cut-off points based on P10, P25, P75, and P90, were obtained.
CONCLUSIONS:
The Portuguese version of the CSM seems to be a valid and reliable measure for chronotype assessment in older adults. Internal consistency analyses suggest that the CSM is a consistent and homogeneous scale in this age group. Validity analyses revealed that the CSM significantly correlates with measures of related constructs (sleep schedules and mid sleep point), whilst presenting a non-significant correlation with a measure of a less related construct (sleep quality). CSM mean scores and cut-off scores were higher than those generally reported for young adults in agreement with the advancing circadian system phase with age.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Buekenhout, I.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Pires, L., Russo, B., Leitão, J.
Document type:
Abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Buekenhout, I., Gomes, A., Pires, L., Russo, B., & Leitão, J. (2019). The composite scale of morningness for chronotype estimation in Portuguese older adults: Psychometric properties and cutoff scores. Sleep Medicine, 64 (Suppl. 1), S8-S9.
Indexed document: Yes
Keywords: Chronotype. / Scale / Psychometric properties

DocumentProbing the processing underpinnings of asynchrony and synchrony effects with a conflict task2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Probing the processing underpinnings of asynchrony and synchrony effects with a conflict task
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945719307233?via%3Dihub
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Pires, L., Santos, I. M., Buekenhout, I., Guerrini, C., Gomes, A.
Document type:
Abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Leitão, J., Pires, L., Santos, I. M., Buekenhout, I., Guerrini, C., & Gomes, A. (2019). Probing the processing underpinnings of asynchrony and synchrony effects with a conflict task. Sleep Medicine, 64 (Suppl. 1), S132-S133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2019.11.362
Indexed document: Yes
Keywords: Chronotype / Synchrony and asynchrony effects / Spatial Stroop task
DocumentFC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed?2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
234 - Inhibitory processing in the aging brain: Disentangling the effects of age, chronotype, time of day and executive control
Duration: 2016-01 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
José Augusto Simões Gonçalves Leitão, Ana Cardoso Allen Gomes, Chiara Guerrini, Isabel Maria Barbas dos Santos
Institution(s): Centro de Investigação do Núcleo de Estudos e Intervenção Cognitivo-Comportamental - CINEICC, Universidade de Coimbra (Portugal)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Leitão, J.
Secondary author(s):
Gomes, A., Guerrini, C., Santos, I. M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Cognitive Inhibition / Aging / Chronotype x time-of-day interaction / Event Related Brain Potentials / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-234.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
FC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed?
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/fc22-changes-in-inhibitory-control-in-older-adults-diminished-inhibitory-efficiency-or-slowing-of-general-processing-speed/EC26E7698783E4C449A12C497BEDCC5B
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Background:
Age-related losses in cognitive control efficiency in the face of response conflict are commonly reported in ageing research. However, it is unclear to what extent this effect reflects changes in actual inhibitory control, or the well-known age-related slowing of processing speed.
Methods:
We compared young (n = 42; 29 women; mean age = 19.6 years; mean formal education = 13 years) and older adults (n = 42; 27 women; mean age = 68.7 years; mean formal education = 12.8 years) using a spatial Stroop task. Participants responded to the direction of an arrow, ignoring its position. Direction and position could be congruent, incongruent or neutral (respectively low, high and no conflict trials). The level of conflict in trial n-1 (high or no conflict) modulated the level of adaptive control in the nth trial. We used multivariate analyses of variance to probe age-group effects on inhibitory efficiency, adaptive (high conflict n-1 trial) and momentary (no conflict n-1 trial). We analysed accuracy and direct as well as proportional reaction times, which respectively integrate and control for differences in general processing speed.
Results:
Older participants showed a larger overall Stroop effect in both direct [Wilks’ ? = .61, F(2,81) = 25.99, p<.001] and proportional reaction times [Wilks’ ? = .79, F(2, 81) = 10.55, p<.001]. Controlling for differences in general processing speed did not impact age-group effects on momentary inhibitory efficiency [F(1,82) = 17.78, p<.001], but eliminated a trend for poorer adaptive inhibitory control in the older group [F(1, 82)=.198, p = .657]. As for accuracy, we unexpectedly found a larger Stroop effect for the younger group [Wilks’ ? = .79, F(2, 81) = 11.07, p=.001].
Conclusion:
Older and younger adults are as effective in using previous response conflicts to prepare for current conflict resolution. Older adults' lower momentary inhibitory effectiveness likely reflects age-related slowing of processing speed as well as, to a degree to be determined in future research, larger strategic reaction times investment in accuracy enhancement.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pires, L.
Secondary author(s):
Martins, S., Lopes, S., dos Santos, I. M., Guerrini, C., Gomes, A. A., Leitão, J. A
Document type:
Abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pires, L., Martins, S., Lopes, S., dos Santos, I. M., Guerrini, C., Gomes, A. A., & Leitão, J. A. (2023). FC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed? International Psychogeriatrics, 35(S1), 83-84. doi:10.1017/S1041610223001205
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Inhibitory control / Age-group effects / Spatial stropp

FC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed?

FC22: Changes in inhibitory control in older adults: Diminished inhibitory efficiency or slowing of general processing speed?