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File380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs2015-122017-10

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Accepted article
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology
DocumentSupernatural belief is not modulated by intuitive thinking style or cognitive inhibition 2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Accepted article
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Supernatural belief is not modulated by intuitive thinking style or cognitive inhibition
Publication year: 2017
URL:
http://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-017-14090-9
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
According to the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, supernatural belief relies heavily on intuitive thinking—and decreases when analytic thinking is engaged. After pointing out various limitations in prior attempts to support this Intuitive Belief Hypothesis, we tested it across three new studies using a variety of paradigms, ranging from a pilgrimage field study to a neurostimulation experiment. In all three studies, we found no relationship between intuitive or analytical thinking and supernatural belief. We conclude that it is premature to explain belief in gods as ‘intuitive’, and that other factors, such as socio-cultural upbringing, are likely to play a greater role in the emergence and maintenance of supernatural belief than cognitive style.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Related objects:
BL-2006-062.07
Author: Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
van Mulukom, V., Kahane, G., Kreplin, U., Joyce, A., Oviedo, L., Hernu, M., Rokita, K., Savulescu, J., Möttönen, R.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Percentiles:
6
Reference:
Farias, M., van Mulukom, V., Kahane, G., Kreplin, U., Joyce, A., ..., Möttönen, R. (2017). Supernatural belief is not modulated by intuitive thinking style or cognitive inhibition. Scientific Reports, 7, Article number: 15100. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-14090-9
2-year Impact Factor: 4.122|2017
Times cited: 21|2024-02-08
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Paranormal beliefs / Dual processing / Cognitive inhibition / Intuitive thinking
DocumentFinal report - Using neural stimulation to modulate paranormal beliefs2017

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Accepted article
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Using neural stimulation to modulate paranormal beliefs
Publication year: 2017
URL:
https://www.bial.com/imagem/Grant_38014.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Dual-processing theories of belief argue that supernatural beliefs are underpinned by a weak analytical thinking style and by a strong intuitive thinking style. We call this the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis. We address the limitations of this literature, particularly an over-reliance on analytical primes and methods, and in two studies develop new manipulations to causally test the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis.
AIMS
In order to test the Intuitive Belief Hypothesis in a more direct and robust fashion, we conducted two studies using experimental methods where we attempted to modulate intuitive/analytical cognitive style and cognitive inhibition and test the effects of this modulation on paranormal beliefs.
METHOD AND RESULTS
Study 1 tested the role of intuition/analytical thinking and cognitive inhibition in modulating supernatural beliefs. We used transcranial direct current stimulation of the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus and were able to successfully increase cognitive inhibition and down-modulate paranormal beliefs, but we found no relationship between intuitive/analytical thinking and paranormal beliefs. In study 2 we developed an innovative two-week long training programme with the aim of increasing either intuitive or analytical thinking in two groups. While this training had an effect on cognitive styles, neither group experienced changes in their paranormal beliefs.
CONCLUSION
We conclude that it is premature to explain belief in gods as ‘intuitive’, and that these beliefs are likely to be rooted in socio-cultural factors that are modulated by specific neuro-cognitive mechanisms, such as cognitive inhibition.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
van Mulukom, V
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
3
Indexed document:
No
Keywords: Paranormal beliefs / Brain stimulation / Dual processing / Cognitive inhibition / Right inferior frontal gyrus

Final report - Using neural stimulation to modulate paranormal beliefs

Final report - Using neural stimulation to modulate paranormal beliefs
DocumentExamining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2014 Grants
Start date: 2015-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
380 - Using Neural Stimulation to Modulate Paranormal Beliefs
Duration: 2015-12 - 2017-10
Researcher(s):
Miguel Farias, Ute Kreplin
Institution(s): Coventry University (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress reports
Final report
Accepted article
Language: eng
Author:
Farias, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kreplin, U.
Number of reproductions:
3
Keywords:
Paranormal Beliefs / Brain Stimulation / Cognitive Inhibition / Right Inferior Frontal Gyrus / Psychophysiology and Parapsychology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2014-380.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12961
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Conflicting findings have emerged from research on the relationship between thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. In two studies, we examined this relationship through meta-cognitive trust and developed a new: (1) experimental manipulation, a short scientific article describing the benefits of thinking styles: (2) trust in thinking styles measure, the Ambiguous Decisions task; and (3) supernatural belief measure, the Belief in Psychic Ability scale. In Study 1 (N = 415) we found differences in metacognitive trust in thinking styles between the analytical and intuitive condition, and overall greater trust in analytical thinking. We also found stronger correlations between thinking style measures (in particular intuitive thinking) and psychic ability and paranormal beliefs than with religious beliefs, but a mixed-effect linear regression showed little to no variation in how measures of thinking style related to types of supernatural beliefs. In Study 2, we replicated Study 1 with participants from the United States, Canada, and Brazil (N = 802), and found similar results, with the Brazilian participants showing a reduced emphasis on analytical thinking. We conclude that our new design, task, and scale may be particularly useful for dual-processing research on supernatural belief.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
van Mulukom, V.
Secondary author(s):
Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., Farias, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
3
Reference:
van Mulukom, V., Baimel, A., Maraldi, E., & Farias, M. (2024). Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 65(2), 206–222. doi:10.1111/sjop.12961
2-year Impact Factor: 2.1|2022
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 1|2024-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Dual-processing / Meta-cognition / Paranormal belief / Religious belief / Thinking styles / Trust

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs

Examining the relationship between metacognitive trust in thinking styles and supernatural beliefs