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File211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing2017-082020-09

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology
DocumentSpontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation?2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation?
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/jocn_a_01587
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Moments of inattention to our surroundings may be essential to optimal cognitive functioning. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that humans spontaneously switch between two opposing attentional states during wakefulness—one in which we attend to the external environment (an “online” state) and one in which we disengage from the sensory environment to focus our attention internally (an “offline” state). We created a data-driven model of this proposed alternation between “online” and “offline” attentional states in human subjects, on a seconds-level timescale. Participants (n = 34) completed a sustained attention to response task while undergoing simultaneous high-density EEG and pupillometry recording and intermittently reporting on their subjective experience. “Online” and “offline” attentional states were initially defined using a cluster analysis applied tomultimodal measures of (1) EEG spectral power, (2) pupil diameter, (3) RT, and (4) self-reported subjective experience. We then developed a classifier that labeled trials as belonging to the online or offline cluster with >95% accuracy, without requiring subjective experience data. This allowed us to classify all 5-sec trials in this manner, despite the fact that subjective experience was probed on only a small minority of trials. We report evidence of statistically discriminable “online” and “offline” states matching the hypothesized characteristics. Furthermore, the offline state strongly predicted memory retention for one of two verbal learning tasks encoded immediately prior. Together, these observations suggest that seconds-timescale alternation between online and offline states is a fundamental feature of wakefulness and that this may serve a memory processing function.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
6
Reference:
Wamsley, E. J., & Summer, T. (2020). Spontaneous entry into an “Offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32(9), 1714-1734. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01587
2-year Impact Factor: 3.225|2020
Times cited: 12|2024-02-13
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Sustained attention / Inattention / Memory retention / Wakefulness / EEG spectral power / Pupil diameter

Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory

Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory
DocumentFinal report - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing2020

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Publication year: 2020
URL:
https://www.bial.com/media/3330/waking-conscious-states-and-offline-memory-processing.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
Accumulating evidence suggests that moments of inattention to our surroundings may be essential to optimal cognitive functioning.
AIMS
We investigated the hypothesis that humans spontaneously switch between two opposing attentional states during wakefulness – one in which we attend to the external environment (an “online” state) and one in which we disengage from the sensory environment to focus our attention internally (an “offline” state). We hypothesized that memory consolidation is facilitated by entry into the “offline” state.
METHOD
Across two studies, we detected entry into the “offline” state during a ~30min period of wakefulness. Participants completed a verbal learning task and then underwent simultaneous high density EEG and pupillometry recording, and intermittently reporting on their subjective experience. “Online” and “offline” attentional states were defined using a cluster analysis applied to multimodal measures of 1) EEG spectral power, 2) pupil diameter, 3) reaction time (RT), and 4) self-reported subjective experience.
Using a machine-learning classification approach, we determined the amount of time that participants spent in an offline state after learning, and tested whether this predicted memory for the verbal information encoded at the start of the study.
RESULTS
We report evidence of statistically discriminable “online” and “offline” states matching the hypothesized characteristics. In both studies, the offline state predicted memory retention for previously-encoded verbal information.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, these observations suggest that seconds-timescale alternation between online and offline states is a fundamental feature of wakefulness, and that this may serve a memory processing function.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Wamsley, E. J.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Wamsley, E. J. (2020). Final report - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Memory consolidation / Electroencephalography / Pupillometry / Mind wandering / Daydreaming / Offline memory processing / Machine learning

Final report - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing

Final report - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
DocumentMemory consolidation during waking rest2019

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Memory consolidation during waking rest
Publication year: 2019
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1364661319300142
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Recent studies show that brief periods of rest after learning facilitate consolidation of new memories. This effect is associated with memory-related brain activity during quiet rest and suggests that in our daily lives, moments of unoccupied rest may serve an essential cognitive function.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Wamsley, E.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
4
Reference:
Wamsley, E. J. (2019). Memory consolidation during waking rest. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 23(3), 171-173. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2018.12.007
2-year Impact Factor: 15.218|2019
Times cited: 53|2024-02-08
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Memory consolidation / Offline processing / Resting state / Mind wandering / Declarative memory
DocumentGoing offline: Spontaneous alternation between “online” and “offline” waking states2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Going offline: Spontaneous alternation between “online” and “offline” waking states
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.abstractsonline.com/pp8/#!/4649/presentation/31013
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Rest is often considered a waste of time. Yet new evidence suggests that this is far from the case - “offline” periods may serve a critical role in memory consolidation. Indeed, 15min of eyes-closed rest following learning significantly boosts memory for up to one week. Could even briefer periods of rest during the day also support consolidation? Evidence from animal models and human studies of mindwandering suggests that we spontaneously switch between two opposing attentional states - one in which we attend to the external world (“online”) and one in which we disengage from the sensory world to focus our attention internally (“offline”). We aimed to create a data-driven model of alternation between “online” and “offline” attentional states in human subjects. N=37 participants encoded a verbal learning task prior to a 30min retention interval in which they completed a sustained attention to response task (SART) with high density EEG and pupillometry recording. Of 324 5sec trials, 24 were “probe trials” in which participants indicated current focus of their subjective experience. An EM cluster analysis was applied to all probe trials to define attentional states in a data-driven manner using EEG spectral power, along with reaction time (RT) to SART stimuli, pupil diameter, and subjective experience data. Subsequent to clustering, developed a naive Bayes algorithm that categorized trials as either “online” or “offline” with over 95% accuracy, without utilizing subjective experience probes. This classifier was then applied to label all 324 trials as either “online” or “offline”. Optimal cluster separation was obtained with 2 states. In line with our hypotheses, participants spent an average of 57% of the retention interval in an “online” state characterized by fast RT, attention to the SART, and low alpha, and 43% of the interval in an “offline” state characterized by slow RT, daydreaming, and high alpha. Pupil size did not differ between “online” and “offline” states, but did vary according to participants’ subjective assessment of their attentional focus. There was a trend for time spent offline to predict subsequent memory for one of two tasks examined (r=0.31, p=0.1). These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that seconds-timescale alternation between online and offline states is a fundamental feature of wakefulness. The machine-learning methods employed here may prove useful for future research describing the microstructure and function of offline waking states. The trend association between offline time and memory retention warrants further research exploring a potential memory function of brief periods of spontaneous offline time.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Summer, T.
Secondary author(s):
Wamsley E. J.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Summer, T., & Wamsley E. J. (2018). Going offline: Spontaneous alternation between “online” and “offline” waking states. Program No. 087.06. 2018 Neuroscience Meeting Planner. San Diego, CA: Society for Neuroscience, 2018. Online.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Sustained attention / Memory consolidation / Offline memory processing / Machine learning
DocumentImpact of waking rest on memory consolidation2018

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Impact of waking rest on memory consolidation
Publication year: 2018
URL:
https://www.funfaculty.org/files/FUN%20Undergraduate%20Poster%20Session/FUN%20Abstract%20Book%20final%202018_0.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
INTRODUCTION
Sleep and quiet rest have both been shown to facilitate the consolidation of memory. In two studies, we explored the features of quiet rest after learning that account for its effect on memory consolidation, experimentally manipulating the activity that participants engaged in during the minutes after encoding. Study 1 compared eyes-closed rest to meditation, a state in which one is similarly relaxed with their eyes closed, but is intently focusing on a mental task—in this case breath mindfulness. Study 2 compared eyes-closed quiet rest to both smartphone usage and mental arithmetic. We hypothesized that conditions characterized by minimal mental effort would result in improved memory consolidation, with even very simple instructions to attend to internal states (breath focus, mental arithmetic) interfering with the memory benefit of rest.
METHOD
Study 1 used a within-subjects design where participants (n= 40) were trained on an Icelandic word pair memory task before and after either meditating or resting. In Study 2 (in progress), three groups of subjects (planned n=50 per group) learned how to categorize 270 abstract dot patterns into three different categories. Following a 15 minute break in which subjects either rested, used their smartphone, or performed mental arithmetic, participants were tested on their ability to correctly categorize these same dot patterns, as well as new dot patterns, and the category “prototypes” from which the dot patterns were created. EEG was collected during all rest conditions, in both studies.
RESULTS
In Study 1, although there was no overall effect of meditation vs. quiet rest on memory, we found that time engaged in breath focus was negatively correlated with subsequent memory (r(31)=0.54, p=0.002), with participants who spent more time attending to their breath during meditation showing a significant memory decrement at later test.
CONCLUSIONS
Our observations in Study 1 are consistent with the hypothesis that even simple focused attention to one’s own breathing could impair subsequent memory by diverting cognitive resources away from spontaneous consolidation processes. It may be that consolidation is best facilitated by periods of unconstrained rest in which no object of mental focus is provided, with even minimal instructions to focus attention on internal states interfering with the mnemonic benefits of rest.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Collins, M. B.
Secondary author(s):
Hall, A., Rhea, C., Wamsley, E. J
Document type:
Conference abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Collins, M. B., Hall, A., Rhea, C., & Wamsley, E. J. (2018). Impact of waking rest on memory consolidation. Agenda and Abstract Book of the 2018 FUN Poster Session and Social. Faculty for Undergraduate Neuroscience, San Diego, CA.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Memory consolidation / Rest / Meditation

Impact of waking rest on memory consolidation

Impact of waking rest on memory consolidation
DocumentMemory consolidation during ultra-short offline states2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2016 Grants
Start date: 2017-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
211 - Waking conscious states and offline memory processing
Duration: 2017-08 - 2020-09
Researcher(s):
Erin Wamsley, Theodore Summer
Institution(s): Department of Psychology, Furman University, Greenville (USA)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Progress report
Final report
Author: Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Summer, T.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Consciousness / Conscious States / Attention / Electroencephalography / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2016-211.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Memory consolidation during ultra-short offline states
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://direct.mit.edu/jocn/article-abstract/doi/10.1162/jocn_a_02035/117068/Memory-Consolidation-during-Ultra-short-Offline?redirectedFrom=fulltext
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Traditionally, neuroscience and psychology have studied the human brain during periods of “online” attention to the environment, while participants actively engage in processing sensory stimuli. However, emerging evidence shows that the waking brain also intermittently enters an “offline” state, during which sensory processing is inhibited and our attention shifts inward. In fact, humans may spend up to half of their waking hours offline [Wamsley, E. J., & Summer, T. Spontaneous entry into an “offline” state during wakefulness: A mechanism of memory consolidation? Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 32, 1714–1734, 2020; Killingsworth, M. A., & Gilbert, D. T. A wandering mind is an unhappy mind. Science, 330, 932, 2010]. The function of alternating between online and offline forms of wakefulness remains unknown. We hypothesized that rapidly switching between online and offline states enables the brain to alternate between the competing demands of encoding new information and consolidating already-encoded information. A total of 46 participants (34 female) trained on a memory task just before a 30-min retention interval, during which they completed a simple attention task while undergoing simultaneous high-density EEG and pupillometry recording. We used a data-driven method to parse this retention interval into a sequence of discrete online and offline states, with a 5-sec temporal resolution. We found evidence for three distinct states, one of which was an offline state with features well-suited to support memory consolidation, including increased EEG slow oscillation power, reduced attention to the external environment, and increased pupil diameter (a proxy for increased norepinephrine). Participants who spent more time in this offline state following encoding showed improved memory at delayed test. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that even brief, seconds-long entry into an offline state may support the early stages of memory consolidation.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Wamsley, E. J.
Secondary author(s):
Arora, M., Gibson, H., Powell, P., Collins, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
6
Reference:
Wamsley, E. J., Arora, M., Gibson, H., Powell, P., & Collins, M. (2023). Memory consolidation during ultra-short offline states. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 35(10), 1617–1634. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_02035
2-year Impact Factor: 3.1|2023
Times cited: 1|2024-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Offline state / Memory consolidation