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File193 - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study2019-032022-10

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-193
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
193 - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study
Duration: 2019-03 - 2022-10
Researcher(s):
Scott Glover
Institution(s): Psychology Department, Royal Holloway University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Glover, S.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Motor imagery / Executive functions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Prefrontal cortex / Psychophysiology

DocumentFinal report - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study2021

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-193
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
193 - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study
Duration: 2019-03 - 2022-10
Researcher(s):
Scott Glover
Institution(s): Psychology Department, Royal Holloway University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Glover, S.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Motor imagery / Executive functions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Prefrontal cortex / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-193.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study
Publication year: 2021
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
BACKGROUND
A currently popular theory, the Functional Equivalence Model, holds that motor imagery and overt action use similar brain regions and have similar outputs, such as timing. This model is being contested by the Motor Cognitive Model, which posits that significant differences exist between the two behaviours, specifically that motor imagery relies heavily on executive resources involving the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, whereas overt actions do not.
AIMS
To test the two aforementioned models of motor imagery by disrupting the activity of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while participants performed either motor imagery or overt actions (Experiment 1). To further test the models also using a task which interferes with executive functions (Experiment 2).
METHOD
In Experiment 1, participants had transcranial magnetic stimulation applied over their dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, disrupting its function, while carrying out tasks involving motor imagery or overt action. Behavioural tasks tested the efficacy of the disruption on various executive functions. Experiment 2 was similar, except that a behavioural interference task (backwards calculation) was added to further impact executive functions.
RESULTS
Disruption of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in both experiments affected the timing of motor imagery but not overt actions. Similarly, interfering with executive functions using the backwards calculation task had much greater effects on the timing of motor imagery than on overt actions.
CONCLUSIONS
The two experiments conducted here provided strong support for the Motor Cognitive Model over the Functional Equivalence Model, by showing the critical importance of executive functions, subserved by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, in motor imagery but not overt actions. Future studies will employ other neuroscientific and behavioural methods to test these theories further.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Glover, S.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Glover, S. (2021). Final report - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Motor imagery / Executive functions / TMS / Reaching and grasping / Task interference

Final report - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study

Final report - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study

DocumentTMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2018 Grants
Start date: 2019-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-193
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
193 - The essential role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in motor imagery: A TMS interference study
Duration: 2019-03 - 2022-10
Researcher(s):
Scott Glover
Institution(s): Psychology Department, Royal Holloway University of London (UK)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Language: eng
Author:
Glover, S.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Motor imagery / Executive functions / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Prefrontal cortex / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2018-193.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016643282200393X?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The Motor-Cognitive model suggests a functional dissociation between motor imagery and overt action, in contrast to the Functional Equivalence view of common processes between the two behaviours. According to the Motor-Cognitive model, motor imagery differs from overt action primarily through the use of executive resources to monitor and elaborate a motor image during execution, which can result in a lack of correspondence between motor imagery and its overt action counterpart. The present study examined the importance of executive resources in motor imagery by using TMS to impair the function of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex while measuring the time to complete imagined versus overt actions. In two experiments, TMS over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex slowed motor imagery but did not affect overt actions. TMS over the same region also interfered with performance of a mental calculation task, though it did not reliably affect less demanding cognitive tasks also thought to rely on executive functions. Taken together, these results were consistent with the Motor-Cognitive model but not with the idea of functional equivalence. The implications of these results for the theoretical understanding of motor imagery, and potential applications of the Motor-Cognitive model to the use of motor imagery in training and rehabilitation, are discussed.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Martel, M.
Secondary author(s):
Glover, S
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Percentiles:
4
Reference:
Martel, M., & Glover, S. (2023). TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model. Behavioural Brain Research, 437, 114125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114125
2-year Impact Factor: 2.6|2023
Times cited: 3|2024-02-16
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Motor imagery / Motor-cognitive model / Functional equivalence / Executive functions / Reaching and grasping

TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model

TMS over dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affects the timing of motor imagery but not overt action: Further support for the motor-cognitive model