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File047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses2021-032024-03

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology
DocumentThe cost of imagined actions in a reward-valuation task2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
The cost of imagined actions in a reward-valuation task
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/12/5/582/htm
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Growing evidence suggests that humans and other animals assign value to a stimulus based not only on its inherent rewarding properties, but also on the costs of the action required to obtain it, such as the cost of time. Here, we examined whether such cost also occurs for mentally simulated actions. Healthy volunteers indicated their subjective value for snack foods while the time to imagine performing the action to obtain the different stimuli was manipulated. In each trial, the picture of one food item and a home position connected through a path were displayed on a computer screen. The path could be either large or thin. Participants first rated the stimulus, and then imagined moving the mouse cursor along the path from the starting position to the food location. They reported the onset and offset of the imagined movements with a button press. Two main results emerged. First, imagery times were significantly longer for the thin than the large path. Second, participants liked significantly less the snack foods associated with the thin path (i.e., with longer imagery time), possibly because the passage of time strictly associated with action imagery discounts the value of the reward. Importantly, such effects were absent in a control group of participants who performed an identical valuation task, except that no action imagery was required. Our findings hint at the idea that imagined actions, like real actions, carry a cost that affects deeply how people assign value to the stimuli in their environment.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Sellitto, M.
Secondary author(s):
Terenzi, D., Starita, F., di Pellegrino, G., Battaglia, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Sellitto, M., Terenz,i D., Starita, F., di Pellegrino, G. & Battaglia, S. (2022). The cost of imagined actions in a reward-valuation task. Brain Sciences, 12 (5), 582. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050582
2-year Impact Factor: 3.300|2022
Times cited: 13|2025-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q3
Keywords: Delay discounting / Effort discounting / Fitts' law / Motor imagery / Mental simulation / Reward value / Visual imagery

The cost of imagined actions in a reward-valuation task

The cost of imagined actions in a reward-valuation task
DocumentTheta and alpha power track the acquisition and reversal of threat predictions and correlate with skin conductance response2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Theta and alpha power track the acquisition and reversal of threat predictions and correlate with skin conductance response
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/psyp.14247
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
The ability to flexibly adjust one's threat predictions to meet the current environmental contingencies is crucial to survival. Nevertheless, its neural oscillatory correlates remain elusive in humans. Here, we tested whether changes in theta and alpha brain oscillations mark the updating of threat predictions and correlate with response of the peripheral nervous system. To this end, electroencephalogram and electrodermal activity were recorded in a group of healthy adults, who completed a Pavlovian threat conditioning task that included an acquisition and a reversal phase. Both theta and alpha power discriminated between threat and safety, with each frequency band showing unique patterns of modulations during acquisition and reversal. While changes in midcingulate theta power may learn the timing of an upcoming danger, alpha power may reflect the preparation of the somato-motor system. Additionally, ventromedial prefrontal cortex theta may play a role in the inhibition of previously acquired threat responses, when they are no longer appropriate. Finally, theta and alpha power correlated with skin conductance response, establishing a direct relationship between activation of the central and peripheral nervous systems. Taken together these results highlight the existence of multiple oscillatory systems that flexibly regulate their activity for the successful expression of threat responses in an ever-changing environment.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
Pirazzini, G., Ricci, G., Garofalo, S., Dalbagno, D., Degni, L. A. E., Di Pellegrino, G., Magosso, E., Ursino, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Starita, F., Pirazzini, G., Ricci, G., Garofalo, S., Dalbagno, D., Degni, L. A. E., Di Pellegrino, G., Magosso, E., & Ursino, M. (2023). Theta and alpha power track the acquisition and reversal of threat predictions and correlate with skin conductance response. Psychophysiology, 60(7), e14247. https://doi.org/10.1111/psyp.14247
2-year Impact Factor: 3.700|2022
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2023
Times cited: 5|2025-02-18
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Brain oscillations / Fear conditioning / Reversal / Skin conductance / Threat of shock
DocumentPavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Pavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005656/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Prompt response to environmental threats is critical to survival. Previous research has revealed mechanisms underlying threat-conditioned physiological responses, but little is known about how threats shape action. Here we tested if threat learning shapes the kinematics of reaching in human adults. In two different experiments conducted on independent samples of participants, after Pavlovian threat learning, in which a stimulus anticipated the delivery of an aversive shock, whereas another did not, the peak velocity and acceleration of reaching increased for the shocked-paired stimulus, relative to the unpaired one. These kinematic changes appeared as a direct consequence of learning, emerging even in absence of an actual threat to body integrity, as no shock occurred during reaching. Additionally, they correlated with the strength of sympathetic response during threat learning, establishing a direct relationship between previous learning and subsequent changes in action. The increase in velocity and acceleration of action following threat learning may be adaptive to facilitate the implementation of defensive responses. Enhanced action invigoration may be maladaptive, however, when defensive responses are inappropriately enacted in safe contexts, as exemplified in a number of anxiety-related disorders.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
Garofalo, S., Dalbagno, D., Degni, L. A. E., di Pellegrino, G.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Starita, F., Garofalo, S., Dalbagno, D., Degni, L. A. E., & di Pellegrino, G. (2022). Pavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 1005656. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1005656
2-year Impact Factor: 3.800|2022
Times cited: 7|2025-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Pavlovian conditioning / Fear conditioning / Kinematics / Pain anticipation / Reaching / Vigor

Pavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action

Pavlovian threat learning shapes the kinematics of action
DocumentGeneral pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in humans: Evidence from Bayesian inference2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.05
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
General pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in humans: Evidence from Bayesian inference
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.945503/full
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
When repeatedly paired with rewarding outcomes (i.e., Pavlovian conditioning), environmental cues may acquire predictive and motivational significance and later enhance instrumental responding for the same (i.e., outcome-specific transfer) or motivationally similar (i.e., general transfer) outcomes. Although outcome-specific and general Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer (PIT) are characterized by different neural substrates and behavioral mechanisms, general transfer has never been studied in isolation from outcome-specific transfer in humans. The first aim of the present study was to test whether the general transfer effect could emerge in isolation and independently of outcome-specific transfer. Our results showed that general transfer can be elicited without the concurrent presence of outcome-specific transfer, supporting the idea that outcome-specific and general transfer can be studied independently of each other. The second aim of the present study was to clarify whether the affordance-like properties of the outcomes can affect the general transfer. In fact, a critical difference in current studies on general transfer concerns the use of cues associated with outcomes for which an action was previously learned (or not) during the instrumental training. This apparently minor difference affects the affordance-like properties of the outcome and may also be transferred to the cue, in turn impacting general transfer. Results revealed a general transfer of the same magnitude regardless of whether cues were associated with reward earned or not during instrumental conditioning. These findings increase the current knowledge on the incentive motivational mechanism behind general transfer, indicating that it is independent of the motor features of the outcome.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Degni, L. A. E.
Secondary author(s):
Dalbagno, D., Starita, F., Benassi, M., di Pellegrino, G., Garofalo, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Degni, L. A. E., Dalbagno, D., Starita, F., Benassi, M., di Pellegrino, G., & Garofalo, S. (2022). General pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in humans: Evidence from Bayesian inference. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 16, 945503. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2022.945503
2-year Impact Factor: 3.000|2022
Times cited: 6|2025-02-17
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: General Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer / Cue-guided choices / Bayesian statistics in neuroscience / Motivation / Decision-making

General pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in humans: Evidence from Bayesian inference

General pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer in humans: Evidence from Bayesian inference
DocumentChanges in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.06
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Changes in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00429-023-02646-7
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Fear conditioning is used to investigate the neural bases of threat and anxiety, and to understand their flexible modifications when the environment changes. This study aims to examine the temporal evolution of brain rhythms using electroencephalographic signals recorded in healthy volunteers during a protocol of Pavlovian fear conditioning and reversal. Power changes and Granger connectivity in theta, alpha, and gamma bands are investigated from neuroelectrical activity reconstructed on the cortex. Results show a significant increase in theta power in the left (contralateral to electrical shock) portion of the midcingulate cortex during fear acquisition, and a significant decrease in alpha power in a broad network over the left posterior-frontal and parietal cortex. These changes occur since the initial trials for theta power, but require more trials (3/4) to develop for alpha, and are also present during reversal, despite being less pronounced. In both bands, relevant changes in connectivity are mainly evident in the last block of reversal, just when power differences attenuate. No significant changes in the gamma band were detected. We conclude that the increased theta rhythm in the cingulate cortex subserves fear acquisition and is transmitted to other cortical regions via increased functional connectivity allowing a fast theta synchronization, whereas the decrease in alpha power can represent a partial activation of motor and somatosensory areas contralateral to the shock side in the presence of a dangerous stimulus. In addition, connectivity changes at the end of reversal may reflect long-term alterations in synapses necessary to reverse the previously acquired contingencies.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Pirazzini, G.
Secondary author(s):
Starita, F., Ricci, G., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Magosso, E., Ursino, M.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Pirazzini, G., Starita, F., Ricci, G., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Magosso, E., & Ursino, M. (2023). Changes in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal. Brain Structure & Function, 228(5), 1259-1281. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-023-02646-7
2-year Impact Factor: 2.7|2023
Times cited: 2|2025-02-18
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Fear conditioning / Reversal / Granger connectivity / Theta rhythm / Alpha rhythm

Changes in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal

Changes in brain rhythms and connectivity tracking fear acquisition and reversal
DocumentThreat learning in space: How stimulus-outcome spatial compatibility modulates conditioned skin conductance response2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.07
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Threat learning in space: How stimulus-outcome spatial compatibility modulates conditioned skin conductance response
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S016787602300452X?via%3Dihub
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
A central question in Pavlovian conditioning concerns the critical conditions that drive the acquisition and maintenance of the stimulus-outcome association. The spatial relationship between the conditioned (CS) and unconditioned (US) stimuli is considered to exert strong effects on learning. However, how spatial information modulates Pavlovian learning remains mostly unexplored in humans. Here, we test how the compatibility between the CS and the US location influences the acquisition, extinction, and recovery (following reinstatement) of Pavlovian conditioned threat. Participants (N = 20) completed a differential threat conditioning task in which visual CSs appeared on the same (compatible) or opposite (incompatible) hemispace as the US delivery (aversive shock to one hand), while their skin conductance response served as an index of learning. Results show that initial threat expectations were biased in favor of compatible CSs before conditioning. Nevertheless, this bias was revised during acquisition to reflect current stimulus-outcome contingencies. Computational modeling suggested that this effect occurred through a higher reliance on positive aversive prediction errors for incompatible CSs, thereby facilitating learning of their association with the US. Additionally, the conditioned response to incompatible CSs was associated with initially slower extinction and a greater recovery after threat reinstatement. These findings suggest that spatial information conveyed by stimuli and outcomes can be flexibly used to enact defensive responses to the current source of danger, highlighting the adaptive nature of Pavlovian learning.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Copyright/Reproduction:
By permission
Language:
eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
Stussi, Y., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Starita, F., Stussi, Y., Garofalo, S., & di Pellegrino, G. (2023). Threat learning in space: How stimulus-outcome spatial compatibility modulates conditioned skin conductance response. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 190, 30–41. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2023.06.003
2-year Impact Factor: 2.5|2023
Times cited: 2|2025-02-18
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Computational modeling / Fear learning / Pavlovian conditioning / Rescorla-Wagner / Spatial compatibility
DocumentEditorial: The neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of appetitive and aversive motivation2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.08
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Editorial: The neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of appetitive and aversive motivation
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1383393
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
Stussi, Y., Garofalo, S., Terenzi, D.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Starita, F., Stussi, Y., Garofalo, S., & Terenzi, D. (2024). Editorial: The neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of appetitive and aversive motivation. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 18, 1383393. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1383393
2-year Impact Factor: 2.6|2023
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 0|2025-02-19
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q2
Keywords: Appetitive motivation / Aversive motivation / Reward / Learning / Decision-making / Cognitive control / ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) / Behavioral neuroscience

Editorial: The neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of appetitive and aversive motivation

Editorial: The neurobiological and cognitive underpinnings of appetitive and aversive motivation
DocumentFinal report - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Publication year: 2024
Abstract/Results:
Abstract
Background
Environmental stimuli may acquire fear-related properties through pairing with an aversive event and may profoundly influence behavior. However, the cognitive and neural mechanisms through which aversive experiences shape future behavior remain still debatable.
Aims
The project aimed to re-evaluate the role that the motor system plays in the acquisition, storage and update of Pavlovian fears.
Method
Three studies were conducted involving a total of about 150 healthy young adults. In the experiments, participants learned to anticipate the occurrence of different somatosensory aversive events following the presentation of different visual stimuli (i.e. Pavlovian fear learning). Multiple methodologies were combined, i.e. kinematic analysis, double coil single pulse TMS, EEG and skin conductance response monitoring.
Results
Results provide unifying evidence that the activity of the cortical motor system is profoundly shaped by the acquisition, storage and update of Pavlovian fears. Indeed, fear learning modulated somatomotor neural oscillations, which in turn induced inhibition of the corticospinal system, and shaped goal-directed motor responses. Thus, we show that Pavlovian fears entail the acquisition of organized sets of sensori-motor contingencies associated with the expected aversive events, which in turn shape action.
Conclusions
This project significantly advances the mechanistic understanding of the acquisition, storage and update, revealing the so far neglected - but crucial - role of the cortical motor system. The inclusion of motor system responses into models of Pavlovian fears may bring to a new understanding of, and treatments for, maladaptive forms of fear learning, such as in anxiety- or pain-related disorders
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Starita, F. (2024). Final report - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Fear / Pavlovian conditioning / Pain anticipation / Pain anticipation / Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) / Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Skin conductance / Kinematic / Reaching / Goal-directed response / Psychophysiology

Final report - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses

Final report - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
DocumentHow the motor system learns threat timing2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.09
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
How the motor system learns threat timing
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://www.sins.it/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/PhD_meeting_congress_book.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
To maximize survival, defensive responses should be precisely timed (Kirkpatrick & Balsam, 2016; Mobbs et al., 2020). In this study, we investigate the involvement of the motor system in learning the timing of an upcoming threat, by probing the excitability of the primary motor cortex during the time course of threat anticipation. To do so, participants completed a Pavlovian threat learning task, in which two of three intrinsically neutral stimuli were associated with the delivery of an aversive electrical shock (CS+), while the third stimulus was never paired with shock (CS-). The two CSs+ differed in the timing of shock delivery, such that one of them was paired with shock delivery 1750 ms after its onset (i.e., CS+early: CS+e), while the other was paired with shock delivery 5500 ms after its onset (i.e., CS+late: CS+l). Single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) was administered on the primary motor cortex to probe corticospinal excitability (CSE) 1690 ms or 5440 ms after the CS onset, i.e., immediately before the early and late shock delivery, or long after/before the early/late shock delivery. The amplitude of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited during the presentation of CS+e, CS+l and CS- was then compared. Results showed a decrease in MEPs’ amplitude immediately before the shock delivery predicted by both CS+e and CS+l. Crucially, inhibition was found not only immediately before shock delivery, but also long before the late shock delivery (i.e., at 1690ms) in CS+l trials. This result suggests a sustained, rather than phasic, inhibition of the motor system during threat anticipation, which may be maintained from the onset of an aversive stimulus until the time of threat occurrence. Overall, our results show that the motor system encodes threat timing, by modulating its activity during threat anticipation according to the temporal characteristics of the threat.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Dalbagno, D.
Secondary author(s):
Betti, S., Starita, F., Badioli, M., Danti, C., di Pellegrino, G.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Dalbagno, D., Betti, S., Starita, F., Badioli, M., Danti, C, & di Pellegrino, G. (2023). How the motor system learns threat timing. Abstract book of the SINS PhD Meeting 2023 (p. 37). Turin, Italy.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Motor system / Learning / Threat

How the motor system learns threat timing

How the motor system learns threat timing

DocumentDissociable acquisition of conditioned fear responses by the motor and autonomic systems2023

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.10
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Dissociable acquisition of conditioned fear responses by the motor and autonomic systems
Publication year: 2023
URL:
https://www.plus.ac.at/wp-content/uploads/2023/05/EMHFC-Programme-and-Abstracts-as-of-22nd-May-2023.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Environmental stimuli may acquire threat-related properties through pairing with an aversive event, and exert a powerful influence on behaviour. Nevertheless, the extent to which the human cortical motor system learns to prepare to aversive events remains largely unexplored. Here, in two experiments, we investigated whether and how changes in corticospinal excitability mark the acquisition of threat learning. A Pavlovian threat learning procedure was adopted so that two different neutral stimuli (coloured dots) acquired threat-related value by predicting a lateralized aversive shock, either to the left (left conditioned stimulus, CS+L) or right (CS+R) arm (Exp.1) or hand (Exp.2). Another stimulus (CS-) never predicted shock. Electrodermal activity (SCR) was collected to characterize changes in autonomic response between CSs. Critically, changes in corticospinal excitability were assessed by acquisition of motor-evoked potentials (MEP) recorded from the right hand (FDI muscle) and arm (ECR muscle), and elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the left primary motor cortex. We found increased SCR for CS+R and CS+L compared with CS-, which did not distinguish the laterality of impending shock. In contrast, a lateralized inhibitory effect emerged for corticospinal excitability. Indeed, we found a reduction in the FDI MEP amplitude for CS+R, compared with CS+L and CS-. Our results show the motor system’s involvement in threat learning and highlight the existence of multiple, dissociable learning systems mediating Pavlovian conditioned responses, namely a non-lateralized autonomic system and a lateralized motor one.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Betti, S.
Secondary author(s):
Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Abstract book
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Betti, S., Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2023). Dissociable acquisition of conditioned responses by the motor and autonomic systems. Abstract book of the European Meeting of Human Fear Conditioning (EMHFC) (p. 33). Salzburg, Austria.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Acquisition of threat learning / Pavlovian threat learning / Motor system / Autonomic system

Dissociable acquisition of conditioned fear responses by the motor and autonomic systems

Dissociable acquisition of conditioned fear responses by the motor and autonomic systems
DocumentFear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability2022

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.11
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability
Publication year: 2022
URL:
https://www.sipf.it/resources/Documents/CONGRESSO%20NAZIONALE%202022/ABSTRACT%20CO/Betti%20Sonia.pdf
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Environmental stimuli may acquire fear-related properties through pairing with an aversive event, but the extent to which threat learning shapes the motor system response remains largely unexplored. In the present study, during Pavlovian threat learning, two different neutral stimuli (i.e., colored dots) acquired threat-related value by predicting an aversive shock to either the left (i.e., conditioned stimulus left, CS+L) or right (CS+R) arm. Another stimulus (i.e., CS-) never predicted shocks. We collected electrodermal activity to characterize changes in psychophysiological arousal between CSs. Additionally, changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) were assessed by acquiring motor-evoked potentials (MEP) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) delivered to the participant’s left primary motor cortex. We found increased skin conductance responses (SCRs) for CS+R and CS+L compared to the CS-, which did not distinguish the laterality of the upcoming shock. Conversely, a lateralized inhibitory effect emerged for corticospinal excitability. Indeed, we found a reduction in MEP amplitude for the CS+R, compared to the CS+L and the CS-. Our results show the motor system’s involvement in threat-related response learning, and highlight the existence of multiple, dissociable learning systems, namely a general non-lateralized autonomic system and a specific lateralized motor one.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Betti, S.
Secondary author(s):
Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Online abstract
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Betti, S., Badioli, M., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2022, 15-17 September). Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability [Conference presentation abstract]. Società Italiana di Psicofisiologia e Neuroscienze Cognitive (SIPF), Udine, Italy. https://www.sipf.it/resources/Documents/CONGRESSO%20NAZIONALE%202022/ABSTRACT%20CO/Betti%20Sonia.pdf
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Pavlovian threat learning / Corticospinal excitability / Motor system

Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability

Fear in action: Pavlovian threat learning shapes corticospinal excitability
DocumentSex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.12
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00246-6
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Motivational (i.e., appetitive or aversive) cues can bias value-based decisions by affecting either direction and intensity of instrumental actions. Despite several findings describing important interindividual differences in these biases, whether biological sex can also play a role is still up to debate. By comparing females and males in both appetitive and aversive Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer paradigms we found that, while motivational cues similarly bias the direction of instrumental actions in both sexes, the intensity of such actions is increased by the cue in male participants only. The present results constitute compelling evidence that a crucial motivational bias of daily actions directed to obtaining rewards or avoiding punishments is modulated by biological sex. This evidence sheds new light on the role of sex in motivational processes that underlie decision-making, highlighting the importance of considering sex as a crucial factor in future research on this topic.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Degni, L. A. E.
Secondary author(s):
Garofalo, S., Finotti, G., Starita, F., Robbins, T. W., di Pellegrino, G.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Degni, L. A. E., Garofalo, S., Finotti, G., Starita, F., Robbins, T. W., & di Pellegrino, G. (2024). Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions. npj Science of Learning, 9, 62. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-024-00246-6
2-year Impact Factor: 3.6|2023
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 0|2025-02-19
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Outcome-specific forms / Dopamine release / Mechanisms / Focus / Food / Fear

Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions

Sex differences in motivational biases over instrumental actions
DocumentTopographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.13
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003301
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Pain-related motor adaptations may be enacted predictively at the mere threat of pain, before pain occurrence. Yet, in humans, the neurophysiological mechanisms underlying motor adaptations in anticipation of pain remain poorly understood. We tracked the evolution of changes in corticospinal excitability (CSE) as healthy adults learned to anticipate the occurrence of lateralized, muscle-specific pain to the upper limb. Using a Pavlovian threat conditioning task, different visual stimuli predicted pain to the right or left forearm (experiment 1) or hand (experiment 2). During stimuli presentation before pain occurrence, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation was applied over the left primary motor cortex to probe CSE and elicit motor evoked potentials from target right forearm and hand muscles. The correlation between participants' trait anxiety and CSE was also assessed. Results showed that threat of pain triggered corticospinal inhibition specifically in the limb where pain was expected. In addition, corticospinal inhibition was modulated relative to the threatened muscle, with threat of pain to the forearm inhibiting the forearm and hand muscles, whereas threat of pain to the hand inhibited the hand muscle only. Finally, stronger corticospinal inhibition correlated with greater trait anxiety. These results advance the mechanistic understanding of pain processes showing that pain-related motor adaptations are enacted at the mere threat of pain, as sets of anticipatory, topographically organized motor changes that are associated with the expected pain and are shaped by individual anxiety levels. Including such anticipatory motor changes into models of pain may lead to new treatments for pain-related disorders.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Betti, S.
Secondary author(s):
Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., Starita, F.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Betti, S., Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Garofalo, S., di Pellegrino, G., & Starita, F. (2024). Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain. Pain, 165(12), 2851–2862. https://doi.org/10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003301
2-year Impact Factor: 5.9|2023
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2024
Times cited: 1|2025-02-20
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Pavlovian conditioning / Fear conditioning / Threat learning / Pain anticipation / Corticospinal excitability / TMS / MEP / Skin conductance / Electrodermal activity / Noxious stimuli / Nociception / Fear of pain

Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain

Topographically selective motor inhibition under threat of pain
DocumentCortical beta power reflects the influence of Pavlovian cues on human decision-making2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2020 Grants
Start date: 2021-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
047 - Fear in action: How Pavlovian fear learning shapes goal-directed motor responses
Duration: 2021-03 - 2024-03
Researcher(s):
Francesca Starita, Giuseppe di Pellegrino
Institution(s): Centre for Studies and Research in Cognitive Neuroscience - CsrNC, Department of Psychology, University of Bologna (Italy)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Articles
Language: eng
Author:
Starita, F.
Secondary author(s):
di Pellegrino, G.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Pavlovian learning / Goal-directed action / Motor cortex / Fear / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2020-047.14
Title: Cortical beta power reflects the influence of Pavlovian cues on human decision-making
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0414-24.2024
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Reward-predictive cues can affect decision-making by enhancing instrumental responses towards the same (Specific transfer) or similar (General transfer) rewards. The main theories on cue-guided decision-making consider Specific transfer as driven by the activation of previously learned instrumental actions induced by cues sharing the sensory-specific properties of the reward they are associated with. However, to date, such theoretical assumption has never been directly investigated at the neural level. We hypothesize that such reactivation occurs within the premotor system and could be mapped by lateralized beta (12-30 Hz) desynchronization, a widely used marker of action selection and decision-making policy. To test this hypothesis, 42 participants (22 females) performed a Pavlovian-to-Instrumental Transfer paradigm, while electroencephalographic (EEG) activity was recorded. We anticipated increased beta desynchronization during the transfer phase when cues promoting Specific transfer were presented, compared to cues predicting General transfer and neutral cues. The evidence collected confirmed our hypothesis, thus providing the first neural evidence in favor of the theorized reactivation of instrumental actions and corroborating the presence of two dissociable neural pathways underpinning Specific and General transfer.
Significance statement: Our study provides direct evidence that Pavlovian (reward-predictive) cues can influence decision-making through two independent and separable pathways: one is the ability of cues to convey sensory-motor information about the impending outcome and is mediated by the premotor system (specific transfer); the other is the ability of cues to indirectly influence performance by increasing motivational arousal and appears to be independent of premotor activity (general transfer). The present findings will have strong implications for the study of decision-making and associative learning.
Accessibility: Document does not exist in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Finotti, G.
Secondary author(s):
Degni, L. A. E., Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Starita, F., Bardi, L., Huang, Y., Wei, J., Sirigu, A., Gazzola, V., di Pellegrino, G., Garofalo, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Finotti, G., Degni, L. A. E., Badioli, M., Dalbagno, D., Starita, F., Bardi, L., Huang, Y., Wei, J., Sirigu, A., Gazzola, V., di Pellegrino, G., & Garofalo, S. (2025). Cortical beta power reflects the influence of Pavlovian cues on human decision-making. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 45(6), e0414242024. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0414-24.2024
2-year Impact Factor: 4.4|2023
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-02-28
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Pavlovian (reward-predictive) cues / Cortical beta power / Decision-making