History
Processing, please wait...
Database
search
in
Filter year from
to
Language
Country
  • Enter your search phrase in the search box.
  • General search:
    • The Boolean operator AND between the terms is assumed by default. If you enter the words European Union in the search box, the system returns all records in which both words occur, regardless of their order.
    • When entering a set of words in quotes, e.g "european union", all records containing the literal term "European Union" will be retrieved.
  • Search by access fields (e.g. author, title, etc.):
    • To direct your search, choose the field in which you want to search the word or expression.
    • Search in the field assumes by default the expression in quotes, e.g. European union will retrieve all records containing the literal term "European Union"
  • To perform more complex searches, additional words or expressions may be added.
  • If you want to refine the search results, you can always access the link "search" in the upper left corner of the page of search results.
  • The search engine is not case sensitive. For example, the word congress has the same meaning that Congress or CONGRESS.
  • To truncate your search expression, use the $ character
  • You can filter the results of your search by a date or date range, filling the appropriate boxes.
Base:
BIAL Foundation
Search:
cod:"PT/FB/BL-2022-050$"
Results
1
to
3
from
3
found.
View
Selection Description
Type Title Begin End
File050 - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility2023-112026-04

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-050
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
050 - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility
Duration: 2023-11 - 2026-04
Researcher(s):
Adélaïde de Heering, Axel Cleeremans
Institution(s): Center for Research in Cognition and Neuroscience, Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
de Heering, A.
Secondary author(s):
Cleeremans, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Subliminal / Faces / No-report / Psychophysiology
DocumentFrequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception2026

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-050
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
050 - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility
Duration: 2023-11 - 2026-04
Researcher(s):
Adélaïde de Heering, Axel Cleeremans
Institution(s): Center for Research in Cognition and Neuroscience, Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
de Heering, A.
Secondary author(s):
Cleeremans, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Subliminal / Faces / No-report / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-050.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Frequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception
Publication year: 2026
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2026.03.014
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) from frequency-tagging (FT) paradigms are widely used to investigate visual processing. Yet their association to conscious perception remains unclear. To test whether SSVEP occurs during conscious perception or without consciousness, 32 participants saw sequences of different images presented at 6 Hz (6 images per second) and containing faces every fifth image (1.2 Hz). All images were presented at either 1% contrast or 1.5% contrast. After each sequence, participants had to categorise the face gender (objective perception) and rate their confidence in this categorisation and the visibility of the faces (subjective perception). During the sequence presentation, participants' attention was monitored via an orthogonal fixation-cross task. Results showed that, at 1.5% contrast, the face signal was higher during correct than during incorrect gender categorisation and increased linearly with both visibility and confidence ratings. In line with participants’ performance on the fixation-cross task, the signal collected at 6 Hz also indicated that attention related more closely to confidence than to visibility. At 1% contrast however, no face perception occurred behaviourally, which was confirmed by the absence of brain signal recorded in response to face instances. Overall these findings show that SSVEPs can track both the objective and subjective perception of faces at a conscious contrast (1.5%). These findings bring new evidence that SSVEPs can be used as a marker of conscious perception.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Mazancieux, A.
Secondary author(s):
Cleeremans, A., de Heering, A.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Mazancieux, A., Cleeremans, A., & de Heering, A. (2026). Frequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception. Cortex, 199, 94–105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2026.03.014
2-year Impact Factor: 3.3|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2026-04-14
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Frequency-tagging / Consciousness / Faces / Metacognition / Visibility

Frequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception

Frequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception
DocumentFinal report - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-050
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
050 - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility
Duration: 2023-11 - 2026-04
Researcher(s):
Adélaïde de Heering, Axel Cleeremans
Institution(s): Center for Research in Cognition and Neuroscience, Université libre de Bruxelles (Belgium)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Final report
Article
Language: eng
Author:
de Heering, A.
Secondary author(s):
Cleeremans, A.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Electroencephalogram (EEG) / Subliminal / Faces / No-report / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-050.01
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Final report - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility
Publication year: 2025
Abstract/Results:
ABSTRACT:
Background & Aims
Inferences about the neural bases of subjective experience often rely on reports that participants express whilst performing a task. However, different studies suggest that reports bias such inferences, contaminating the neural correlates of consciousness. More recently, no-report paradigms have been developed but the involvement of attention in such tasks remains unknown.
Methods
Thirty-two adults were presented with 60 EEG frequency-tagging sequences composed of various images presented at 6 Hz and all degraded to a threshold contrast (1%) or a supraliminal contrast (1.5%). In these sequences, male or female faces were also tagged at the specific frequency of 1.2 Hz. During the sequence presentation, participants were asked to detect the color change of a fixation cross on the images to monitor their attention. At the end of each sequence, participants were instructed to estimate the subjective visibility of the faces using the Perceptual Awareness Scale (PAS), to categorise their gender as a measure of objective visibility, and to assess their confidence in this categorisation as a measure of metacognition.
Results
Mixed-effect models revealed that the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the face frequency increased linearly with PAS and confidence. Conversely, the SNR at the image frequency reflecting attentional processes only increased with confidence. This was confirmed by the concurrent attentional task where performance only increased with confidence, but not with PAS.
Conclusions
Overall, we showed that frequency-tagging is sensitive to subjective experience in the absence of reports during the sequence presentation. They also suggest that attentional processes are less involved in subjective visibility than in metacognition.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
de Heering, A.
Secondary author(s):
Cleeremans, A.
Document type:
Final report
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
de Heering, A., & Cleeremans, A. (2025). Final report - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility.
Indexed document: No
Keywords: Frequency-tagging / Consciousness / Metacognition / Visibility

Final report - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility

Final report - The steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP) tool as a marker of subjective visibility