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BIAL Foundation
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File098 - Neural correlates of open-label placebo effects in emotional distress2023-09

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
098 - Neural correlates of open-label placebo effects in emotional distress
Duration: 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Michael Schaefer
Institution(s): Medical School Berlin (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Articles
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Schaefer, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Emotion / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) / Distress / Open-label placebo / Psychophysiology
DocumentOpen-label placebos enhance test performance and reduce anxiety in learner drivers: A randomized controlled trial2024

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098.02
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Open-label placebos enhance test performance and reduce anxiety in learner drivers: A randomized controlled trial
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56600-6
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Passing the driving school test can be very challenging, especially in big cities, where up to 52% of all students fail this test. Consequently, many learner drivers experience stress and anxiety. For some learner drivers these feelings can be extreme and negatively affect the performance in the driving test. Different strategies to face anxiety and stress are known, including, for example, psychological or pharmacological approaches and even placebo pills. Recent intriguing findings have also demonstrated that placebos without deception, so-called open-label placebos, successfully reduce anxiety. Here we aimed to test effects of this novel treatment for learner drivers. We investigated whether open-label placebos affect test performance and feelings of anxiety in learner drivers. Sixty-eight healthy participants (mean age 21.94 years, 26 females) were randomized into two groups. The open-label placebo group received placebo pills two weeks before the driving test (two pills each day). The control group received no treatment. Results revealed that the open-label placebo group experienced significantly less anxiety than the control group before the test (measured with the State-Trait-Anxiety-Inventory, STAI-S, and the German Test Anxiety Inventory, PAF). Moreover, in the open-label placebo group less learner drivers failed the driving test (29.41% vs. 52.95%). The results suggest that open-label placebos may provide an ethical unproblematic way to experience less anxiety and might also enhance the probability to pass the driving test. We discuss possible mechanisms of open-label placebos and limitations of our findings.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schaefer, M.
Secondary author(s):
Enge, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Schaefer, M., & Enge, S. (2024). Open-label placebos enhance test performance and reduce anxiety in learner drivers: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 14, 6684. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-56600-6
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Times cited: 0|2025-09-26
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Open-label placebo / Placebo / Anxiety / Test anxiety / Distress

Open-label placebos enhance test performance and reduce anxiety in learner drivers: A randomized controlled trial

Open-label placebos enhance test performance and reduce anxiety in learner drivers: A randomized controlled trial
DocumentOpen-label placebos reduce weight in obesity: A randomized controlled trial2024

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
098 - Neural correlates of open-label placebo effects in emotional distress
Duration: 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Michael Schaefer
Institution(s): Medical School Berlin (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Articles
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Schaefer, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Emotion / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) / Distress / Open-label placebo / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098.03
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Open-label placebos reduce weight in obesity: A randomized controlled trial
Publication year: 2024
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69866-7
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Obesity is a major public health problem worldwide. Different approaches are known to face this problem, for example, dieting, surgery, or drug interventions. It has also been shown that placebos may help to reduce weight and hunger feelings, but the use of placebos is linked to problems with respect to the patient-healthcare-provider relationship. However, recent studies demonstrated that even placebos without deception (open-label placebos) affect symptoms such as pain, anxiety, or emotional distress. Here we aimed to examine whether an open-label placebo may help to lose weight in obesity. Our study included fifty-seven overweight and obese patients who aimed to lose weight using a combination of diet and sports. Patients were randomly divided into two groups. Participants in the open-label placebo group received two placebos each day. A treatment-as-usual group received no pills. Primary outcome included changes of body weight. Secondary outcomes were change of eating behavior and self-management abilities. After 4 weeks we found that participants in the open-label placebo condition lost more weight than the treatment-as-usual group. Furthermore, OLP treatment affected eating behavior. No effects for self-management abilities were found. Although further research is necessary, open-label placebos might help individuals to lose weight.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schaefer, M.
Secondary author(s):
Kühnel, A., Enge, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Schaefer, M., Kühnel, A., & Enge, S. (2024). Open-label placebos reduce weight in obesity: A randomized controlled trial. Scientific Reports, 14(1), 21311. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-69866-7
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Times cited: 2|2025-09-27
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Obesity / Overweight / Placebo / Open-label placebo / Eating behavior

Open-label placebos reduce weight in obesity: A randomized controlled trial

Open-label placebos reduce weight in obesity: A randomized controlled trial
DocumentRoles of administration route, expectation, and belief in placebos in a randomized controlled trial with open-label placebos2025

Reference code: PT/FB
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Location: S. Mamede do Coronado
Title:
BIAL Foundation Archive
Start date: 1994
History:
The BIAL Foundation was created in 1994 by Laboratórios BIAL in conjunction with the Council of Rectors of Portuguese Universities. BIAL’s Foundation mission is to foster the scientific study of Man from both the physical and spiritual perspectives.
Along the years the BIAL Foundation has developed an important relationship with the scientific community, first in Portugal and after worldwide. Today it is an institution of reference which aims to stimulate new researches that may help people, promote more health and contribute to new milestones to gain access to knowledge.
Among its activities the BIAL Foundation manages the BIAL Award, created in 1984, one of the most important awards in the Health field in Europe. The BIAL Award rewards both the basic and the clinical research distinguishing works of major impact in medical research.
The BIAL Foundation also assigns Scientific Research Scholarships for the study of neurophysiological and mental health in people, arousing the interest of researchers in the areas of Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
To date the BIAL Foundation has supported 461 projects, more than 1000 researchers, with research groups in twenty-seven countries, resulting, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, out of which 172 published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Since 1996 the BIAL Foundation organizes the Symposia entitled "Behind and Beyond the Brain", a Forum that gathers well renowned neurosciences speakers and the BIAL Foundation Fellows which are spread around the world.
Classified as an institution of public utility, the BIAL Foundation includes among its patrons the Portuguese President, the Portuguese Universities Rectors' Council and the Portuguese Medical Association.
URL: http://www.bial.com/pt/
Accessibility: By permission

Reference code: PT/FB/BL
Entity holding: BIAL Foundation
Title: BIAL Grants
Start date: 1994
History:
In 1994 the BIAL Foundation launched a programme of science research grants with the aim of encouraging the research into Man’s physical and mental processes, namely in fields still largely unexplored but which warrant further scientific analysis, as Psychophysiology and Parapsychology.
Since its launch, applications to the BIAL grants have been increasing. Up to now 461 projects have been supported, involving more than 1000 researchers from 27 countries.
The approved applications have benefited from grants in amounts comprised between €5,000 and €50, 000. The amount to be granted is fixed by the Scientific board according to the needs of each project.
The supported projects have originated, until April 2013, in about 600 full papers, 172 out of which were published in indexed international journals with an average impact factor of 3.6 and a substantial number of citations (1665).
Among the BIAL Foundation fellows is worth highlighting the presence of scientists from prestigious universities from the United States, United Kingdom, Australia, Russia, Germany, Japan, France, Canada, and many others.
The BIAL grants are promoted biannually.

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
2022 Grants
Start date: 2023-01

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
098 - Neural correlates of open-label placebo effects in emotional distress
Duration: 2023-09
Researcher(s):
Michael Schaefer
Institution(s): Medical School Berlin (Germany)
Contents: Contents:
Application form
Correspondence
Research Funding Agreement
Progress report
Articles
Language: eng
Notes:
Ongoing project
Author: Schaefer, M.
Number of reproductions:
1
Keywords:
Emotion / Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) / Distress / Open-label placebo / Psychophysiology

Reference code: PT/FB/BL-2022-098.04
Location: BF-GMS
Title:
Roles of administration route, expectation, and belief in placebos in a randomized controlled trial with open-label placebos
Publication year: 2025
URL:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27622-5
Abstract/Results: ABSTRACT:
Recent reports challenge the view that placebos need to be given in deception. Numerous studies report remarkable effects when giving placebos honestly in an open way. However, the mechanisms of open-label placebos still remain to be cleared. For example, while expectation is often regarded as an important mechanism for concealed placebos, it is unclear whether this process may also account for open-label placebo effects. Thus, alternative theories based on, for example, the embodiment theory are also discussed. Here we examined possible mechanisms of open-label placebos including administration route (to address rituals or sensorimotor embodiment mechanisms), expectation, and belief in placebos. Healthy participants viewed emotional distressing pictures and were given an open-label placebo beforehand or were in the control group. Results replicated previous studies by showing that participants in the open-label placebo conditions felt less emotional distress. Route of administration did not affect the placebo response. Treatment expectancy did not predict the placebo effect but was linked to the strength of the placebo effect that participants self-reported (which was not related to the actual placebo effect). Belief in open-label placebos was related to the strength of the placebo effect. Interestingly, an affirmative attitude towards homeopathic treatments was linked to a positive treatment expectation, but not to the actual placebo effect. We discuss the results with respect to different theories explaining open-label placebo mechanisms and argue that open-label placebos may work predominantly in an unconscious way.
Accessibility: Document exists in file
Language:
eng
Author:
Schaefer, M.
Secondary author(s):
Liedtke, C., Enge, S.
Document type:
Article
Number of reproductions:
1
Reference:
Schaefer, M., Liedtke, C., & Enge, S. (2025). Roles of administration route, expectation, and belief in placebos in a randomized controlled trial with open-label placebos. Scientific Reports, 15, Article 42915. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-27622-5
2-year Impact Factor: 3.9|2024
Impact factor notes: Impact factor not available yet for 2025
Times cited: 0|2025-12-05
Indexed document: Yes
Quartile: Q1
Keywords: Open-label placebo / Placebo / Emotional distress / Embodiment / Expectation

Roles of administration route, expectation, and belief in placebos in a randomized controlled trial with open-label placebos

Roles of administration route, expectation, and belief in placebos in a randomized controlled trial with open-label placebos